高三英语语法讲解 专题3 动词的语态.doc

一.概念: 动词的语态是动词的一种形式,表示主语和谓语之间语法或语义的关系.英语的语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态.主动语态用于主动句,表示主语是动作的执行者.被动语态用于被动句,表示主语是动作的承受者.主动语态的构成方式与动词时态相同,而被动语态由 助动词be+过去分词 构成,有人称,数,时态的变化.一. 要点精讲1. let 的用法 1）当let后只有一个单音节动词，变被动语态时，可用不带to 的不定式。例如：they let the strange go.他们放陌生人走了。- the strange was let go.2）当let 后宾补较长时，let 通常不用被动语态，而用allow或permit 代替。例如： the nurse let me go to see my classmate in the hospital. 那护士让我去探望住院的同学。 - i was allowed / permitted to see my classmate in the hospital.2.短语动词的被动语态 短语动词是一个整体，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。例如：my sister will be taken care of by grandma. 我妹妹由奶奶照顾。such a thing has never been heard of before. 这样的事闻所未闻。4. 不用被动语态的情况 1） 不及物动词或不及物动词短语，如appear, die disappear, end（vi. 结束）, fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand, break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place等没有无被动语态。例如： after the fire, very little remained of my house. 大火过后，我家烧得所剩无几。 4） 带同源宾语的及物动词如die/death, dream/dream， live/life等，以及反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态。例如：she dreamed a bad dream last night. 她昨晚做了个恶梦。 5） 当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。例如： （对） she likes to swim. （错） to swim is liked by her. 5. 主动形式表示被动意义 1）wash, clean, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell等。例如： the book sells well.这本书销路好。 this knife cuts easily. 这刀子很好用。2）blame, let（出租）, remain, keep, rent, build等。例如： i was to blame for the accident. 事故发生了，我该受指责。 much work remains. 还有许多活要干。3） 在need, require, want, worth （形容词）, deserve后的动名词必须用主动形式。例如： the door needs repairing.= the door needs to be repaired. 门该修了。当 need, want, require, be worth后面接doing时，表示的是被动意义。例如： your hair wants cutting.你的头发该理了。 the floor requires washing. 地板需要冲洗。9. she said that the car_ (use) the next week.10. i didnt know what _ (happen) to china in a century.11. when i got to the station, the train _ already _ (leave).12. the stone bridge_ (build) in our hometown for ten years.13. the desk must _ (clean) once a day.14. the dog _ (lie) on the floor when i came in.15. it _(rain) heavily when i got home.16. her mother_ (cook) at this time yesterday.17. the students _ (do) their homework. _ (not make) any noise!18. -_ you ever_ (be) to beijing? -yes. i_ (go) there last week.19. hell telephone us as soon as he _ (arrive) there.20. jiefang trucks_ (make) in changchun.21. a pen is used for_ (write).22. all that must _ (do). 23 .my friend cant decide which pair of trousers_ (choose). so she asked me to go shopping with her.