宾语补足语讲解及练习.doc

宾语补足语讲解 M3 Unit 3 Grammar and Usage宾语补足语一英语的五种基本句型结构： S 十 V 主谓结构 He runs quickly他跑得快。 S 十 V 十 P 主系表结构 The story sounds interesting这个故事听起来有趣。 S 十 V 十 O 主谓宾结构 They built a house last year他们去年建了一所房子。 S 十 V 十 O1 十 O2 主谓双宾结构He offered me his seat/ his seat to me他把座位让给我。 S 十 V 十 O 十 C 主谓宾+宾补结构They found her happy that day 他们发现那天她很高兴。I found him out 我发现他出去了。They named the boy Charlie 他们给这个男孩起名为查理。I saw him come in and go out 我见他进来又出去。They felt the car moving fast 他们感到汽车行驶得很快。He found the door of study closed to him 他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。二宾语补足语：1、定义：The object complement gives more information about the object.顾名思义， 宾补是补充说明宾语，使句子意义完整的句子成分。2、使用场合：Verb + object + object complement3、可以充当宾语补足语的词和词组有：(1). 名词：We made him our monitor.They thought this good advice.They named their daughter Jenny.【考点】任命某人一个独一无二的职务，职务前面不加冠词。例如：He was made captain. They elected him monitor.Obama was made president.They elected John chairman of the committee.(2). 形容词： You should keep your room clean and tidy. Wed better leave the door open.We found the ruins most interesting.(3). 介词短语He left his bag in the office.We found ourselves in the middle of a desert.(4). 副词He opened the window to let the fresh air in.I saw him out with his father the day before yesterday.(5). 现在分词： Im sorry to have you waiting for so long. I could feel the cold wind blowing on my face. At this moment she noticed the teacher coming in.(6). 过去分词：When he woke up, he found himself tied to a tree.He raised his voice to make himself heard.I had my watch repaired yesterday.(7). 不定式 或 省略 to 的不定式（秃头不定式）My mother allowed me to play games for a while.Can you make your car park over there?【考点】(1).使用不定式作宾语补足语时， “五看（see, watch, notice, observe, look at） 三使（make, let, have） 两听（listen to, hear）一感觉（feel）” 后接秃头不定式。(2).help 一词后的不定式，可带 to，也可以不带 to。4、宾语通常为名词或代词，但有时也可以用不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或that从句来充当。一般情况下，宾补通常紧跟在宾语之后。值得注意的是：think, find, consider, feel, make, take等动词应使用先行it代替宾语，it后面应接宾补，而将真正的宾语移到句子的后部（形式宾语）。 I felt it necessary to speak about our shortcomings.I think it very important to attend this meeting.We all thought it a pity that you couldnt join us.【小结】1、宾语补足语是补充_语的成分，通常置于宾语之_。 宾语+宾语补足语=复合宾语。2、可以用作宾补的有_词、_词、_词、_词短语、_式、现在_词和过去_词。3、能带宾补的动词一定是_物动词。常跟宾语补足语的动词：第一类, 感官动词, 所接的宾补可以是不带to的动词不定式，也可以是现在分词或过去分词。feel, hear, listen to, notice, observe, see, watch, look atI saw him cross/crossing the road. = He was seen_/ _ the road.但句子变为被动语态时，不定式的to要还原。第二类, 使役动词，所接的宾补多为动词不定式或过去分词。如：let, have, get, make, would like, want等。This makes people know the importance of protecting the environment. If you are back, will you please make yourself known to me?The machine doesnt work. I must have it repaired right now.第三类, 含命名意义的动词，所接的宾补一般是名词。如：call, name, appoint, elect, make, consider等。Call me Joe, please. She was elected president of the company.第四类, v. + sb. + to do sth. 结构中的动词，所接的宾补一般是不定式。这类动词有：advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, expect, force, get, help, inspire, invite, order, permit, persuade, remind, request, require, teach, tell, train, urge, want, warn, wish, report等。第五类, find, keep, leave 等几个词的用法非常灵活，后面所接的宾补可以是形容词、副词、现在分词、过去分词等。We found it very difficult to solve the problem.How can you keep them waiting for so long?Keep the door closed.Exercises:一单句改错1. We all elected Jason the monitor.2. The teacher asked us not make so much noise.3. -What a nice fire you have in your fireplace!- During the winter I like my house warmly and comfortable.4. Dont leave the water run while you brush your teeth.5. He pushed the door opening.6. She looked around and caught a man put his hand into the pocket of a passenger.7. With a lot of difficult problems settle, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.8. When I came in, I found a man died on the floor.9. It was a pity that the great writer died of his works unfinished.10He was heard sing last night.二用所给动词的适当形式填空1. In the end, we found the girl _ (lock) in a dark room.2. Just at that time, I saw an old woman _ (cross) the narrow street.3. Dont let your son _（play）computer games like this any more.4. Ive never heard the word _ (use) in spoken English.5. I think you cant force your son _(go) to see her.三单项填空1Tell him _ the window.A. to shut not B. not to shut C. to not shut D. not shut2. -Theres a hole in your bag. - I know, Im going to have it _.A. mend B. mending C. mended D. to be mended3. Though he had often made his little sister _, today he was made _ by his little sister.A. cry; to cry B. crying; crying C. cry; cry D. to cry; cry4. They would not allow him _ across the enemy line.A. to risk going B. risking to go C. for risk to go D. risk going5. I found the door _when I got home.A. opened B. close C. unlocking D. open6. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _.A. not to B. not to do C. not do D. do not to7. I couldnt do my homework with all that noise_.A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on8. With a lot of difficult problems_, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled9. I advised _ at once. A. him to starting B. him to start C. to starting D. to start 10. When I put my hand on his chest, I could feel his heart still _.A. beat B. to be beating C. beating D. was beating11. You had better get a doctor _ your bad tooth.A. pull out B. to pull out C. pulled out D. pulling out12. He managed to make himself _ with his _ English.A.understand; breakingB. understand; brokenC.understood;breaking D. understood; broken13. The doctor asked him not to leave his wound _.A. expose B. exposed C. to expose D. exposing14Dont you think it _ to learn this kind of skill at present?A. difficulty B. difficult C. difficultly D. the different15. My advisor encouraged _ a summer course to improve my writing skill.A. for me taking B. me taking C. for me to take D. me to take16. The director had her assistant _ some hot dogs for the meeting.A. picked up B. picks up C. pick up D. picking up17. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _in the kitchen.A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked18. To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English _ as much as we can.A. speak B. speaking C. spoken D. to speak19. I smell something _ in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute?A. burning B. burnt C. being burnt D. to be burnt20. He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them _ in his lectures.A. interesting B. interest C. interested D. to interest一、定义： 宾语补足语通常紧跟在宾语之后，对宾语进行补充说明。 二、句子结构是： 主+谓+宾+宾补 三、两种结构： 1.主表型： 1) make our country beautiful (adjective) 2) call him Lao Li (noun) 3) find sb. out (adv.) 4) find sb. at home (Prep. phrase) 2. 主谓型： 1) ask sb. to do sth.（有to 不定式） 2) have sb. do sth. （无to 不定式） 3) see sb. doing sth. （现在分词） 4) have sth. done. （过去分词） 四、什么动词后可有宾语补足语： 1. 在表示心理状态的动词后作宾语补足语。这类动词有：consider, think, believe, discover, find, imagine, judge, suppose, prove等。这类动词后的不定式通常是to be+形容词或名词结构，think, consider, find后的to be常可省略。We consider him (to be) a good teacher. 我们认为他是一个好老师。He proved that theory (to be) very important. 他证明那个理论是很重要的。I thought her (to be) nice and honest the first time I met her.我第一次见到她的时候就认为她人很好，很诚实。 2. 在表示情感状态的动词后作宾语补足语。这类动词有：love, like, prefer, hate, want, wish, expect等。Id prefer you to leave him alone. 我希望你不要打扰他。I dont want there to be any trouble. 我不想有任何麻烦。 3. 注意：hope, demand, suggest等动词后面不能接不定式作宾语补足语。 I hope you can give me a hand. 我希望你能帮我一把。 I wish you to give me a hand. 我希望你能帮我一把。 He required us to be present at the meeting. 他要求我们出席会议。 Mr Li suggested that she should not go there alone. 李先生建议她不要独自去那里。 五、可作宾语补足语的形式有： 不定式，现在分词，过去分词，名词，形容，副词，介词短语都能作补语。 六、具体说明： （一）副词作宾语补足语 I found him in yesterday. （二）常接形容词作宾语补足语的动词有：keep, make, find等。 如：We must keep our classroom clean. （三）常接名词作宾语补足语的动词有：call, name, make, think等。 如：We call them mooncakes. （四）常接动词-ing形式作宾语补足语的动词有：see, watch, hear, find, keep等。 如：In the country, we can hear birds singing. （五）常接介词短语作宾语补足语的动词有：keep, find, leave等。如：I left my pen on my desk at home. （六）不定式作宾语补足语 1. 常接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask, tell, want, teach, wish等； 2. 接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：see, watch, hear, make, let advise, allow, ask, beg, command, tell, invite, force, oblige, get, help, encourage, persuade, permit, remind, request, order, warn, cause等。 如： I often see him play football. She often asks me to help her. We dont allow such things to happen again. Most of the parents agree to forbid their children to smoke. She asked me to answer the phone in her absence. Please remind me to leave her this note. She requested him to go with her. 3. 用不定式作宾语补足语的几种说明： help后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式可以带to也可以不带to。 如：I often help my mother(to) do some housework. 在使役动词后作宾语补足语，不定式不带to。有些动词跟不定式作宾语补足语时省去了to，这些动词有：一感二听三让四观看。 一感：feel 二听：hear, listen to 三让：let, have, make 四观看：observe, see, watch, look at 这类动词有：make, let, have等。转为被动语态时，其后通常都用带to的不定式 (have没有被动语态)。What would you have me do? 你要我做什么？She made him give up smoking. 她让他戒了烟。Let him do whatever he wishes to do. 他想干什么就让他干吧。Though he had often made his little sister cry, today he was made to cry by his little sister.虽然经常是他弄哭小妹妹，但今天他却被小妹妹弄哭了 3. 掌握“使役动词 have + 宾语过去分词”的几种含义 在“ have 宾语过去分词”结构中，过去分词作宾语补足语， have 也可用 get 。这一结构具有以下几种含义： 意为“主语请别人做某事”。例如： He wants to have his eyes examined tomorrow. 他明天想去检查眼睛。（“检查”的动作由医生来进行） 意为“主语遭遇、遭受某一不愉快、不测的事情”。例如： Be careful, or youll have your hands hurt. 当心，否则会弄伤手的。 意为“使完成某事”，事情既可以是别人做完，也可以由主语参与完成。 例如： He had the walls painted this morning. 他今早把墙漆了。 （主语自己可能参与） 动词不定式也可作一些短语动词的宾语补足语。 Im waiting for James to arrive. 我正等着詹姆斯的到来。 Hes arranged for a car to pick them up at the station. 他已安排了一辆汽车去车站接他们。 The UN has called on both sides to observe the cease fire. 联合国号召交战双方遵守停火协定。 （七）分词作宾语补足语 用现在分词作宾补，说明宾语是动作的发出者，形成逻辑上的主谓关系；用过去分词作宾补，表示宾语是动作的承受者，构成逻辑上的动宾关系。 1. 跟分词作宾补的动词有：catch, have get, keep, hear, find, feel, leave, make, want, start, notice, observe, watch, set等。例如： There was so much noise that the speaker couldnt make himself heard. 由于十分吵闹，讲话人没法让人听到他的声音。 When he awoke, he found himself being looked after by an old woman. 他醒来的时候发现一位老大娘正在照顾他。 2. 几种用过去分词作宾语补足语的情况说明： 表示“意欲；命令”的动词如 like, want, wish, order 等，可用过去分词 作宾语补足语。例如： The father wants his daughter taught the piano. 这位父亲想让女儿学钢琴。 感官动词 see, hear, notice, observe, watch, feel, find 等后，可用过去分词作宾语补足语。例如： I saw an old man knocked down by a car just now. 刚才我看到一位老人被车撞倒了。 使役动词 have, get, make, leave, keep 等后，可用过去分词作宾语补足语。例如： Have you got your films developed? 你拿胶卷去冲洗了没有？ “ with 宾语过去分词”结构中，过去分词用作介词 with 的宾语补足语。这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。例如： The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back. 凶手被带进来了，他的双手被绑在背后。（表方式） With water heated, we can see the steam. 水一被加热，我们就会看到水蒸气。（表条件） With the matter settled, we all went home. 事情得到解决，我们都回家了。（表原因）宾语补足语练习题1. The manager discussed the plan that they would like to see the next year.(NMET2000) A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out2. -Theres a hole in your bag. - I know, Im going to have it _.A. mend B. mending C. mended D. to be mended3. Though he had often made his little sister _, today he was made _ by his little sister.A. cry; to cry B. crying; crying C. cry; cry D. to cry; cry4. They would not allow him _ across the enemy line.A. to risk going B. risking to go C. for risk to go D. risk going5. I found the door _ when I got home.A. opened B. close C. unlocking D. open6. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _.A. not to B. not to do C. not do D. do not to7. I couldnt do my homework with all that noise_.A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on8. With a lot of difficult problems_, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.A. settledB. settlingC. to settleD. being settled9. I advised _ at once. A. him to starting B. him to start C. to starting D. to start 10. When I put my hand on his chest, I could feel his heart still _.A. beat B. to be beating C. beating D. was beating11. You had better get a doctor _ your bad tooth.A. pull out B. to pull out C. pulled out D. pulling out12. He managed to make himself with his_ English.A. understand; breaking B. understand; broken B. C. understood; breaking D. understood; broken13. The doctor asked him not to leave his wound _.A. expose B. exposed C. to expose D. exposing14. They are going to have the service man _ an electric fan in the office tomorrow.A. install B. to install C. to be installed D. installed 15. After a few rounds of talks, both sides regarded the territory dispute _.A. being settled B. to be settled C. had settled D. as settled 16. You will see this product _ wherever you go.A. to be advertised B. advertised C. advertise D. advertising 17. His remarks left me _ about his real purpose.A. wondered B. wonder C. to wonder D. wondering 18. When I caught him _ me I stopped buying things there and started dealing with another shop.A. cheating B. cheat C. to cheat D. to be cheating 19. Though he had often made his little sister _, today he was made _ by his little sister.A. cry; to cry B. crying; crying C. cry; cry D. to cry; cry20. Did you intend us _ the new method? A. using B. to use C. using D. are using 21. The teacher encouraged us _ good compositions. A. Writing B. written C. to write D. is writing 22. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to23. Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had _went wrong again.A .it B. it repaired C .repaired D. to be repaired24. With a lot of difficult problems_, the newlyelected president is having a hard time.A .settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled25. With trees, flowers and grass_ everywhere, my native town had taken on a new look.A. planting B. planted C. to plant D .to be planted26. She was glad to see her child well_ care of.A. take B. to be taken C. taken D. taking27. The result of the entrance exams was not made _to the public until last Thursday.A. knowing B. known C. to know D. to be known28. I can make you _what I say, but you cant make yourself _ in English.A. understand; understand B .understand, understoodC to understand, understand D. understand; to be understood29. He found them _ at a table_.A. sat; to play chess B. sitting; to play chess C. seated; playing chess D. seat; play the chess30. John rushed out in a hurry, _ the door_.A. leaving; unlocked B. leaving; unlocking C. left; unlocked D. to leave; unlocking31. We are pleased to see the problem_ so quickly.A. settled B. settling C. be settled D. having been settled32. I could feel the wind _on my face from an open window.A .to blow B .blowing C. to be blowing D .blown33. _ production up by 60%,the company has had another excellent year.A. AsB. For C. WithD. Through34. _ everything _ , she left the supermarket with satisfaction.A. As, buying B. For, to buy C. With, bought D .Because, to buy35. Dont leave the water _ while you brush your teeth. (天津2004)A. run B. running C. being run D. to run36. He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting37. Laws that punish parents for their little childrens actions against the laws get parents _. (重庆 2004)A. worriedB. to worry C. worrying D. worry38. The teacher asked us _ so much noise. (北京2003)A. dont makeB. not make C. not makingD. not to make39. An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered _ clear warnings before firing any shots. (上海2003)A. to issue B. being issued C. to have issued D. to be issued40.Good morning. Can I help you? Id like to have this package _ ,Madame.A. be weighed B. to be weighed C. to weigh D. weighed41. Father will not _us to use his recorders. A. have B. let C .agree D. allow42. John was made