广东省高三英语二轮专题精品卷 阅读理解（2）.doc

广东省2014届高三英语二轮专题精品卷：阅读理解（2） 阅读（共两节,满分50分） 第一节阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分,满分40分） 阅读下列短文,从每题所给的a、b、c和d项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。aa fellow speaker from california named geri flew to japan, in her favorite jeans and a casual jacket, to give her first speech. fourteen hours later, four perfectly dressed japanese gentlemen greeted her at narita airport. smiling and bowing low, they handed her their business cards. with her bag in one hand, geri took their cards with the other. she thanked them, glanced briefly at the cards, and put them into her jeans pocket quickly. when the five of them arrived at the hotel, they invited geri to tea in the lobby (大厅). while sipping tea, the gentlemen presented her with a small gift which she eagerly opened. she was thrilled with the gift and shouted excitedly, “oh, its beautiful!” at this point, the four japanese gentlemen stood up and, bowing only very slightly, said “sayonara” and left immediately. poor geri was left astonished. what did she do wrong?everything! her jeans were the first gaffe. even if youre coming off a bicycle in japan, you do not meet clients (客人) casually dressed. the second mistake was geris handling of their business cards rudely. in japan, the business card is one of the most important communicative tools. it is always presented and accepted respectfully with both hands. however, geri put their cards away much too quickly. in japan, people use business cards as a conversation starter. you chat about each others cards and work and do not put theirs away until they gently and respectfully place yours in safekeeping. putting it carelessly into her jeans pocket was the ultimate disrespect.then, the fourth horror of horrors was that geri should not have opened the gift in front of her clients. in a land where saving face is critical, it would be embarrassing to discover the gift they gave was not as nice as the one they received. what is worse, geri hadnt even given them a gift!【文章大意】本文叙述了来自加利福尼亚的geri 坐飞机来到了日本，由于不熟悉日本的礼仪，引起了日本人的误会。日本的男士认为geri的做法极为不礼貌，已经无法忍受，所以离开了。26. in the four japanese gentlemens eyes, geri took their cards _.a. excitedlyb. embarrassinglyc. politelyd. disrespectfully【答案】d【 解析】细节理解题。根据the second mistake was geris handling of their business cards rudely.这是对他们的不尊敬，故选d。27. why did the four japanese gentlemen leave geri suddenly?a. because they couldnt bear geris behavior any longer.b. because they had finished the task.c. because geri had something more important to do.d. because geri felt embarrassed.【答案】a【 解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可知这些男士认为geri的做法极为不礼貌，已经无法忍受，所以离开了，故选a。28. what does the underlined word “gaffe” in paragraph 3 probably mean?a. ignoranceb. sadnessc. mistaked. carelessness 【答案】c【 解析】词义猜测题。根据what did she do wrong?再根据第三段都是列举她的错误所在，故选c。29. the third mistake geri made was that she _.a. used her own card as a conversation starterb. kept her clients cards in a wrong placec. took her clients cards with one hand d. met her clients in jeans【答案】b【 解析】细节理解题。根据putting it carelessly into her jeans pocket was the ultimate disrespect.故选b。30. what lesson can we draw from this story?a. honesty is the best policy. b. think twice before you take any action.c. when in rome, do as the romans do. d. dont claim to know what you dont know.【答案】c【 解析】推理判断题。根据geri的做法可知她不了解当地的礼仪，故犯下这样的错误，故选c。byou cant always predict a heavy rain or remember your umbrella. but designer mikhail belyacv doesnt think that forgetting to check the weather forecast before heading out should result in you getting wet. thats why he created lampbrella, a lamp post with its own rain-sensing umbrella. the designer says he came up with the idea after watching people get wet on streets in russia. “once, i was driving on a central saint petersburg street and saw the street lamps lighting up people trying to hide from the rain. i thought it would be appropriate to have a canopy(伞蓬)built into a street lamp.” he said. the lampbrella is a standard-looking street lamp fitted with an umbrella canopy. it has a built-in electric motor which can open or close the umbrella on demand. sensors(传感器)then ensure that the umbrella offers pedestrians shelter whenever it starts raining. in addition to the rain sensor, theres also a 360motion sensor on the fiberglass street lamp which detects whether anyones using the lampbrella. after three minutes of not being used the canopy is closed. according to the designer, the lampbrella would move at a relatively low speed, so as not to cause harm to the pedestrians. besides, it would be grounded to protect from possible lighting strike. each lampbrella would offer enough shelter for several people. being installed(安装) at 2 meters off the ground, it would only be a danger for the tallest of pedestrians. while there are no plans to take lampbrella into production, belyacv says he recently introduced his creation to one moscow department, and insists this creation could be installed on any street where a lot of people walk but there are no canopies to provide shelter. 【文章大意】本文叙述了设计师是为了人们不被雨淋而设计的这种路灯。他的灵感来自于一次经历。机器的运作，先由传感器(sensor)接收外界信号，再转换为控制信号控制电机(motor)，电机最终使得伞蓬打开(canopy)。 31. for what purpose did belyacv create the lampbrella? a. to predict a heavy rain b. to check the weather forecast c. to protect people from the rain d. to remind people to take an umbrella 【答案】c【 解析】细节理解题。根据第一段话“thats why he created lampbrella”及之前的叙述可知，设计lampbrella的目的是让忘记带伞的人不遭雨淋。故答案选c。32. what do we know from belyacvs words in paragraph2?a. his creation was inspired by an experience b. it rains a lot in the city of saint petersburgc. street lamps are protected by canopies d. he enjoyed taking walks in the rain【答案】a【 解析】推理判断题。第二段话的主题句为首句“the designer says he come up with the idea after watching people get wet on streets in russia”后文belvacv所言是更为具体的描述，即本段中belvacv的话语是点出了他设计lampbrella的灵感来源。故答案选a。33. which of the following show how the lampbrella works?a. motorcanopysensors b. sensorsmotorcanopy c. motorsensorscanopyd. canopymotorsensors【答案】b【 解析】细节归纳题。根据文章第三段话的叙述“it has a built-in electric motor which can open or close the umbrella on demand. sensors(传感器)then ensure that the umbrella offers pedestrians shelter whenever it starts raining.”可知，先是发动机的运转，然后发动机打开伞，最后是传感器的运转。故选b。34. what does paragraph 5 mainly tell us about the lampbrella?a. its moving speed b. its appearance c. its installation d. its safety【答案】d【 解析】段落大意题。根据本段“so as not to cause harm to the pedestrians”“ to protect from possible lighting strike”“ being installed at 2 meters off the ground, it would only be a danger for the tallest of pedestrians”可以得知，这是lampbrella的人性化设计，为避雨的行人在安全方面的作了充分考虑。故选d。35. what can be inferred from the last paragraph?a. the designer will open a company to promote his productb. the lampbrella could be put into immediate production c. the designer is confident that his creation is practicald. the lampbrella would be put on show in moscow 【答案】c【 解析】推理判断题。根据“there are no plans to take lampbrella into production”，可知lampbrella还不会投入生产，可排除ab选项；根据“he recently introduced his creation one moscow department”可排除d项；根据“insists this creation could be installed on any street where a lot of people walk but there are no canopies to provide shelter”可知belyacv对他设计的lampbrella的实用性充满自信。故答案选c。c. last nights meteor(流星) shower left many people in the community dissatisfied and demanding answers. according to gabe rothsclild, emerald valleys mayor, people gathered in the suburbs of the city, carrying heavy telescopes, expecting to watch the brightly burning meteors passing through the sky. what they found instead was a sky so brightened by the citys lights that it darkened the light of the meteors passing overhead. “my family was so frustrated,” admitted town resident duane cosby, “we wanted to make this an unforgettable family outing, but it turned out to be a huge disappointment.” astronomers-scientists who study stars and planets-have been complaining about this problem for decades. they say that light pollution prevents them from seeing objects in the sky that they could see quite easily in the past. they call on people and the government to take measures to fight against it. there is yet a population besides professional and amateur star observers that suffers even more from light pollution. this population consists of birds, bats, frogs, snakes, etc. for example, outdoor lighting severely affects migrating(迁徙的)birds. according to the international dark-sky association. “100 million birds a year throughout north america die in crashes with lighted buildings and towers.” countless more animals casualties(伤亡）result from the use of artificial lighting. clearly, people enjoy the benefits of lighting their evenings, but some scientists think it can be harmful for humans, too. they worry that exposure to light while sleeping can increase persons chances of getting cancer. emerald valley is only one community that is becoming aware of the negative effects of light pollution. for years, flagstaff, arizona, has enforced lighting regulations in its city in order to assist astronomers at the lowell observatory. similar efforts have been made worldwide, and a movement is underway to remind us to turn off lights when we are not using them, so that other creatures can share the night.【文章大意】许多人想在晚上看流星雨，结果由于光线太亮，影响了他们的观看效果。由此引发了人们对光污染的思考。本文是一篇议论文，文章由一个事例引发出要讨论的话题。 36. it happened last night that .a. the citys lights affected the meteor watching b. the meteors flew past before being noticed c. the meteor watching ended up a social outing d. the city light show attracted many people【答案】a【 解析】细节理解题。第一段的最后一句话a sky so brightened by the citys lights that it darkened the light of the meteors passing overhead表明答案为a。37. what do the astronomers complain about?a .meteor showers occur less often than before. b. their observation equipment is in poor repair. c. light pollution has remained unsolved for years. d. their eyesight is failing due to artificial lighting.【答案】c【 解析】细节理解题。题干中的astronomers出现在第三段，文中有一句话have been complaining about this problem for decades，第一段就提到了光线太亮，这句话的后面又提到了light pollution。结合选项，答案为c。38. what is the author concerned about according to paragraph 4? a. birds may take other migration paths. b. animal living habits may change suddenly. c. varieties of animals will become sharply reduced. d. animals survival is threatened by outdoor lighting.【答案】d【 解析】细节理解题。第四段第一句话就告诉我们除了专业及业余的观星者之外，还有些群体也收到了光污染的影响。而这些群体指的就是birds、bats等动物。d项的意思是“动物的生存受到户外灯光的影响”。故选d。39. lighting regulations in flagstaff, arizona are put into effect to_.a. lessen the chance of getting cancer b. create an ideal observation condition c. ensure citizens a good sleep at night d. enable all creatures to live in harmony【答案】b【 解析】细节理解题。题干中的信息告诉我们答案应该出现在最后一段，根据“in order to assist astronomers at the lowell observatory”，答案显然为b。40. what message does the author most want to give us?a. saving wildlife is saving ourselves b. great efforts should be made to save energy c. human activities should be environmentally friendly d. new equipment should be introduced for space study【答案】c【 解析】推理判断题。文中作者反复强调光污染问题对人类的一些活动和动物的影响。这显然是强调环境问题。故选c。duntil the twentieth century cigarettes were not an important threat to public health. men used tobacco mainly in the form of cigars. they chewed tobacco, piped tobacco, and snuffed. most women did not use tobacco at all.the cigarette industry began in 1870s with the development of the cigarette manufacturing machine. this made it possible to produce great numbers of cigarettes very quickly, and it reduced the price.today cigarette smoking is a widespread habit. about forty-three percent of the adult men and thirty-one percent of the adult women in the united states smoke cigarettes regularly. it is encouraging to note, however, that millions of people have quit smoking. seventy-five percent of the male population and forty-six percent of the female population have smoked cigarettes for some time during their lives, but twenty-six percent of these men and eleven percent of the women have stopped smoking. the number of persons who have given up smoking is increasing.men as a group smoke more than women. among both men and women the age group with the highest proportion of smokers is the age group 24-44.income, education, and occupation all play a part in determining a persons smoking habit. city people smoke more than people living on farms. well-educated men with high incomes are less likely to smoke cigarettes than men with fewer years of schooling and lower incomes. on the other hand, if a well-educated man with a higher income smokes, hes likely to smoke more packs of cigarettes per day.the situation is somewhat different for women. there are slightly more smokers among women with higher family incomes and higher education than among the lower income and lower educational groups. these more highly educated women tend to smoke more heavily.among teenagers the picture is similar. there are fewer teenager smokers from upper-income, well-educated families, and also fewer from families living in farm areas. high school students who are preparing for college are less likely to smoke than those who dont plan to continue their education after high school. children are most likely to start smoking if one or both of their parents smoke.【文章大意】本问讲述了烟草行业的有关信息，讲述了世界烟草行业的发展历史，以及男性和女性在吸烟方面的具体情况，影响吸烟的因素等等。41. the underlined word “picture” in the last paragraph probably means . a. situation b. photo c. painting d. teenager【答案】a【 解析】词义猜测题。根据there are fewer teenager smokers from upper-income, well-educated families, and also fewer from families living in farm areas.可知这里指的是不同的情况，故选a。42. which group of people smoked more according to the passage? a. the group of women. b. the group of teenagers.c. the group of men. d. the group of old people.【答案】c【 解析】细节理解题。men as a group smoke more than women.男士吸烟的较多，故选c。43. which of the following factors will be likely to decide whether a person smokes or not?a. income and sex. b. education and occupation c. sex and age. d. all the above.【答案】d【 解析】细节理解题。根据seventy-five percent of the male population and forty-six percent of the female popula