广东省东莞市南开实验学校高考英语二轮复习 专题08 动词的时态和语态精品教学案（含解析）.doc

广东省东莞市南开实验学校2014年高考英语二轮复习精品教学案：专题08 动词的时态和语态（解析版）2遵循“情景立意”和“能力立意”的原则，考查在状语从句等特定语言环境中时态的代替。要求吃透语境，摸清命题人的意图，善于捕捉句子中所隐含的时间信息，克服汉语式的惯性思维。3把语态与时态结合在一起，进行综合考查。各种常用时态的被动语态的构成，仍是高考命题的热点之一，而且题干中有效信息越来越隐蔽，试题难度呈现加大的趋势。要求明确谓语动词与主语的关系，分清是主动还是被动。4考查主动形式表示被动意义。对语境理解能力的要求逐步提高，且要重视有特殊用法的动词的运用。2014年高考将继续注重在语境中考查动词的时态和语态，试题将继续凸显“情景立意”和“能力立意”的命题原则。 【重点知识梳理】一、高考常考的几种易混时态的辨析1一般现在时与现在进行时(1)一般现在时主要用于习惯性或经常性动作，常伴随使用usually，often，seldom等频度副词；现在进行时主要用于表示目前或现阶段正在进行的动作或状态，常跟now，at present等时间状语。he usually writes a lot of letters，but he isnt writing at present.他经常写许多信，但他现在没在写。(2)表示客观事实或普遍真理时，要用一般现在时，不能用现在进行时。the earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。例1、(2013四川，3)hurry up, kids! the school bus _ for us!awaits bwas waiting cwaited dis waiting2一般过去时与过去进行时(1)一般过去时表示一个完成的动作，而过去进行时表示过去某一阶段正在进行的动作。i was reading a novel last night.昨晚我在看小说(可能没看完)。i read a novel last night.我昨晚看了一本小说(已经看完了)。(2)一般过去时用于表示一个单纯动作，过去进行时用于表示过去一段时间反复做的动作。did he ask questions?他提问题了吗？he was asking questions all the time.他始终在提问题。(3)一般过去时表示过去某个时刻发生的动作(侧重说明事实)，过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间发生的动作(强调在这一过程中所进行的动作或展开的情景)。he drew a picture yesterday afternoon.他昨天下午画了一张画(昨天下午他做了这么一件事)。he was drawing a picture yesterday afternoon.他昨天下午在画一张画(昨天下午他一直在画画，没干别的事)。(3)一般过去时表示过去某个时刻发生的动作(侧重说明事实)，过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间发生的动作(强调在这一过程中所进行的动作或展开的情景)。he drew a picture yesterday afternoon.他昨天下午画了一张画(昨天下午他做了这么一件事)。he was drawing a picture yesterday afternoon.他昨天下午在画一张画(昨天下午他一直在画画，没干别的事)。例2、(2013安徽，24)im calling about the apartment you _ the other day. could you tell me more about it?aadvertised bhad advertised care advertising dwill advertise3现在完成时与一般过去时(1)两者都表示发生在过去的动作。但现在完成时表示过去动作与现在的关系，主要说明现在的情况；一般过去时强调动作发生在过去某一时间，与现在不发生联系。例如：theyve gone to paris.他们到巴黎去了(说明他们现在去巴黎了，不在这里)。they went to paris.他们去过巴黎(只说明去过，不表明是否现在仍在那里)。(2)现在完成时表示从过去发生到现在一段时间内的任何时间，可与so far，up to now，lately，ever since等表示包括现在一段时间的状语连用，但不能和表示过去时间的状语连用；一般过去时表示的是过去某一特定时间或与现在无关的某一过去时间。i havent seen the film yet.我还没看过这部影片(到目前为止)。i saw the film the day before yesterday.我前天看的这部电影(表明看电影的时间是在前天)。例3、(2013江苏，34)what about your selfdrive trip yesterday?tiring! the road is being widened, and we _ a rough ride.ahad bhave cwould have dhave had答案：a考查时态。你昨天的自驾游怎么样？令人烦，道路正在被拓宽，我们颠簸地驾车。我们驾车是昨天的事，所以，用一般过去时。故选a项。4过去完成时与一般过去时(1)一般过去时通常与具体过去时间状语连用；即使没有时间状语，根据具体的语言环境，我们也可以作出明确的判断。(2)过去完成时是一种相对的时态，表示在过去某时刻之前发生。时间参照点与一般过去时不同，一般过去时是对现在说话时刻而言，过去完成时则是与过去某一时刻而言的，即“过去的过去”。例4、(2013辽宁，22)he was unhappy when he sold his guitar.after all, he _ it for a very long time.ahas had bhad hadchas dhad5一般将来时与将来进行时一般将来时表示对“现在时刻”来说，将要发生的动作或将要存在的状态；而将来进行时表示将来的某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。she is sixteen，who will be seventeen next year.她十六岁，明年将十七岁。what will you be doing at this time next monday?下周一这时候你将会在做什么呢？5一般将来时与将来进行时一般将来时表示对“现在时刻”来说，将要发生的动作或将要存在的状态；而将来进行时表示将来的某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。she is sixteen，who will be seventeen next year.她十六岁，明年将十七岁。what will you be doing at this time next monday?下周一这时候你将会在做什么呢？(2)现在完成进行时往往表示动作在重复，现在完成时则常常不带重复性。如：have you been meeting her lately？(经常相见)have you met her lately？(不重复发生)(3)现在完成进行时比较生动，有时含有明显的感情色彩；而现在完成时往往只说明一个事实、一种影响或结果，平铺直叙，没有什么感情色彩可言。如：recently mary has been doing her homework regularly.(显然是在表扬玛丽)recently mary has done her homework regularly.(只说明一个事实)二、固定句型中的固定时态在某些固定句型里往往有固定的时态要求，请体会下列句子中时态的运用：1this/it is the first/second. time i have done sth.that/it was the first/second. time i had done sth.2it is two years since he went abroad./it was two years since he had gone abroad.3i was about to go out when the telephone rang.4hardly had i got home when the telephone rang.5no sooner had i got home than the telephone rang.6it wont be long before he comes back./it wasnt long before he came back.7i didnt manage to understand it until he had explained it again.8祈使句and(or/or else/otherwise)并列分句(并列分句中谓语动词多用一般将来时)三、被动语态1被动语态的构成英语中的及物动词一般都有主动语态和被动语态两种形式。主动语态是无标记的，而被动语态则是有标记的。被动语态由“助动词be过去分词”构成。助动词be随着主语的人称、数、时态和语气的不同而变化。被动语态的各种时态形式见下表：2.主动形式表示被动意义的几种情况(1)英语中有很多动词，如break，catch，clean，drive，look，open，sell，read，write，wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义，主语通常是物；在这种情况下，常常和easily，well等副词连用。this kind of cloth washes well.这种布好洗。the sign reads as follows.这牌子告示如下。this material wont wear.这种材料不耐穿。the machine runs well.这种机器运转良好。特别提醒：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。(2)表示感受、感官的系动词feel，sound，taste，look等后跟形容词、名词构成系表结构，无被动形式。your reason sounds reasonable.你的理由听起来合理。(3)在need，want，require，deserve，bear等动词、worth等形容词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。the house needs repairing/to be repaired.这所房子需要修理。(4)在某些“主语(人/物)be形容词不定式”中不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。the problem is difficult to work out.这道题很难计算出。(可看作to work out省略了for me)(5)be to rent/blame/let也属于主动形式表被动意义。who is to blame for the mistake?谁应为这个错误接受谴责？the houses are to let.这些房子有待出租。(6)介词in，on，under等名词构成介词短语表被动意义。表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用，含被动之意，其意义相当于该名词相应动词的被动形式，名词前一般不用冠词。常见的有：under control受控制；under treatment在治疗中；under repair在修理中；under discussion在讨论中；under construction在施工中；beyond belief令人难以置信；beyond ones reach鞭长莫及；beyond ones control无法控制；beyond our hope我们始料不及；for sale出售；for rent出租；in print在印刷中；in sight在视野范围内；on sale出售；on show展出；on trial受审；out of control控制不了；out of sight超出视线；out of ones reach够不着；out of fashion不流行。如：the rumor is beyond belief(cant be believed)那个谣言令人难以置信。today some treasures are on show(are being shown)in the museum.今天一些珍宝正在博物馆展出。【高频考点突破】考点一、考查动词时态例1.(2013全国，24)if we _ now to protect the environment, well live to regret it.ahadnt acted bhavent actedcdont act dwont act【变式探究】(2013全国，27)when i first met bryan i didnt like him, but i _ my mind.ahave changed bchangechad changed dwould change考点二、考查时态与主谓一致例2(2013江苏，21)generally, students inner motivation with high expectations from others _ essential to their development.ais bare cwas dwere考点三、考查动词的时态和语态例3、(2013辽宁，30)we are confident that the environment _ by our further efforts to reduce pollution.ahad been improved bwill be improvedcis improved dwas improved答案：b句意：我们很自信，通过我们进一步的努力来减少污染，环境将会得到改善。由句意可知，应该用一般将来时的被动语态，故b项为正确答案。【变式探究】(2013湖南，26)if nothing _， the oceans will turn into fish deserts.adoesbhad been donecwill dodis done答案：d句意：如果不采取措施，海洋将变成鱼的沙漠。if条件状语从句表示将来的事用一般现在时，排除b、c两项；另外，主语nothing与do之间为动宾关系，所以用被动语态，d项正确。【经典考题精析】 【2013高考真题精选】（2013新课标i卷）27. when i first met bryan i didnt like him, but i _ my mind. a. have changed b. change c. had changed d. would change （2013新课标i卷）24. if we _ now to protect the environment, well live to regret it. a. hadnt acted b. havent acted c. dont act d. wont act （2013浙江）10.during the last three decades, the number of people participating in physical fitness programs_ sharply.a.was increasing b. has increased c. had increased d. will be increasing （2013北京卷)32. - so what is the procedure?- all the applicants before a final decision is made by the authority. a. interviewb. are interviewingc. are interviewedd. are being interviewed（2013北京卷)28. hurry up! mark and carl us.a. expectb. are expectingc. have expectedd. will expect（2013北京卷)25. - do you think mom and dad late?- no, swiss air is usually on time.a. wereb. will bec. would bed. have been（2013北京卷)23.shakespeares play hamlet into at least ten different films over the past years. a. had been madeb. was madec. has been maded. would be made【答案】c【解析】本题考查学生对于时态的标志性时间状语的掌握情况。题中over/in the past years是一般现在时的标志，因此选择c项，句意为，莎士比亚的喜剧“哈姆雷特”在过去的这么多年中，已经被制成了至少十种不同的电影。【考点定位】考察时态。（2013北京卷)22. dont turn off the computer before closing all programs you could have problemsa. orb. andc. butd. so（2013福建卷)26.the girl has a great interest in sport and _ badminton classes twice a week over the last three years.a. tookb. is takingc. takesd. has been taking（2013湖南卷)34. i don t understand why you didnt go to the lecture yesterday afternoon. had doneb. was doingc. would dod. am doing（2013湖南卷)27. have you heard about the recent election? sure, it _ the only thing on the news for the last three days. a. would beb. isc. has beend. will be【答案】c（2013湖南卷)26. if nothing _, the oceans will turn into fish deserts. a. doesb. had been donec. will dod. is done（2013湖南卷)24. around two oclock every night, sue will start talking in her dream. it somewhat _ us. a. bothersb. had botheredc. would botherd. bothered（2013湖南卷)22. “what do you want to be?” asked mrs. crawford. “oh, i _ president,” said the boy, with a smile.a. have beenb. amc. wasd. will be（2013江苏卷)34. what about your self-drive trip yesterday?tiring! the road is being widened, and we _ a rough ride.a. hadb. havec. would haved. have had【答案】a【解析】句意：道路正在被加宽，所以我们走的很艰难。第二分句是对开车旅游的情况描写，所以用一般过去时。【考点定位】考查时态。（2013江苏卷)21. generally, students inner motivation with high expectations from others _ essential to their development.a. isb. arec. wasd. were【答案】a【解析】句意：一般认为，其他人对学生高的期望是他们发展的必要的内部动机对。本句主语是“motivation”，所以谓语动词用单数，而且是一般情况所以用一般现在时。【考点定位】考查主谓一致和时态。（2013江西卷)35.i _ to visit you later that day, but i had to phone and cancel.a. come b. camec. am comingd. was coming（2013山东卷)27. oh no! were too late. the train _. thats ok. well catch the next train to london. a. was leavingb. had left c. has left d. has been leaving （2013山东卷)24. i didnt think id like the movie, but actually it _ pretty good. a. has been b. was c. had been d. would be （2013四川)3. hurry up, kids! the school bus _ for us! a. waits b. was waiting c. waited d. is waiting【答案】 d【解析】 句意：抓紧时间，孩子们！校车在外面等着呢。根据hurry up可得知，校车现在正在外面等着，故用现在进行时。【考点定位】考察时态用法。（2013天津卷)13. the water supply has been cut off temporarily because the workers _ one of the main pipes. a. had repairedb. have repairedc. repairedd. are repairing（2013辽宁卷)31.hard is feeling uncomfortable.he _ too much at the party last night.a.could drink b.should drink c.would have drunk d.must have drunk（2013辽宁卷)30.we are confident that the environmenr by our further efforts to reduce pollutiona.had been improved b.will be imroved c.is improved d.was improved（2013辽宁卷)22.he was unhappy when he sold his guitar.after all,he _it for a long time.a.has had b.had had c.has d.had（2013重庆卷)33. a midsummer nights dream _at the theatre royal on 19th june, and then tours throughout scotland.a. opensb. is openedc. will opend. will be opened（2013重庆卷)21.i felt very tired when i got home, and i _ straight to bed.a. gob. wentc. had goned. have gone（2013安徽卷)24. im calling about the apartment you the other day. could you tell me more about it?a. advertised b. had advertisedc. are advertising d. will advertise【2012高考真题精选】【2012江西卷】26-look! somebody the sofa. -well, it wasnt me. i didnt do it.ais cleaningbwas cleaningchas cleaneddhad cleaned【答案】c【考点定位】考察时态【解析】句意为”看,有人已经打扫了沙发.是的,不是我,我没有做.过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响用现在完成时.【2012湖南卷】33. - i remember you were a talented pianist at college. can you play the piano for me? - sorry, i _ the piano for years. a. dont playb. wasnt playingc. havent playedd. hadnt played【2012湖南卷】27. the moment _ soon, he thought to himself, waiting nervously. a. cameb. has comec. was comingd. is coming【2012湖南卷】25. close the door of fear behind you, and you _ the door of faith open before you. a. sawb. have seenc. will seed. are seeing【2012湖南卷】22. dont worrry. the hard work that you do now _ later in life. a. will be repaidb. was being repaidc. has been repaidd. was repaid【2012重庆卷】27. food supplies in the flood-stricken area _.we must act immediately before theres left.a. have run out b. are running out c. have been run out d. are being run out【2012重庆卷】22.-kevin,you look worried. anything wrong? -well, i_ a test and im waiting for the result. a. will take b. took c. had taken d. take【2012辽宁卷】35. mum, i was wondering if you could lend me a few dollars until i on friday. a. get paid b. got paid c. have paid d. had been paid【2012辽宁卷】33. jack is a great talker. its high time that he something instead of just talking. a. will do b. has done c. do d. did 【2012辽宁卷】31. i feel so excited! at this time tomorrow morning i to shanghai. a. will be flying b. will fly c. have been flying d. have flown【答案】a【考点定位】动词的时态【解析】at this time tomorrow morning作时间状语，所以用将来进行时，选a项。【2012四川卷】9.did you catch what i said?sorry. i _ a text message just now.a. had answering b. have answered c. would answer d. was answering【2012四川卷】11. they are living with their parents for the moment because their own house _.a. is being rebuilt b. has been rebuilt c. is rebuilt d. has rebuilt【2012陕西卷】24.can i call you back at two oclock this afternoon? im sorry, but by then i_ to beijing. how about five?a. fly b. will fly c. will be flying d. am flying 【2012北京卷】22. by the time you have finished this book, your meal _ cold.a. gets b. has got c. will get d.is getting【2012北京卷】25. george said that he would come to school to see me the next day, but he _.a. wouldnt b. didnt c. hasnt d. hadnt 【答案】b【考点定位】时态考点。【解析】前半句的would come是过去将来时，但是仍然发生在过去.【2012北京卷】29. have you heard about that fire in the market? yes, fortunately no one _.a. hurt b. was hurt c. has hurt d. had been hurt【2012北京卷】30. our friendship _ quickly over the weeks that followed.a. had developed b. was developingc. would develop d. developed【2012全国ii】18. the manager _ the workers how to improve the program since 9 am.a. has told b. is telling c. has been telling d. will have told【2012全国ii】14. -did you ask sophia for help?-i _ need to i managed perfectly well on my own.a. wouldnt b. dont c. didnt d. wont【2012全国新课程】33. i had been working on math for the whole afternoon and the numbers before my eyes.a. swim b. swumc. swam d. had swum【答案】c 【考点定位】考查动词时态。【解析】主句用过去完成进行时，所以后半句用一般过去时，只有这样才能具备“过去的过去”的条件。句意：我一整个下午都在做数学题，那些数字在我的眼前晕眩。【2012全国新课程】23. life is like walking in the snow, granny used to say, because every step ”a. has shown b. is showingc. shows d. showed【2012山东卷】34. the manager was concerned to hear that two of his trusted workers _. a. will leaveb. are leaving c. have left d. were leaving 【2012山东卷】28. after jack had sent some e-mails, he _ working on his project. a. had started b. has started c. started d. starts 【2012福建卷】24. 一 when did the computer crash?一 this morning, while ithe reading materials downloaded from some websites.a. have sortedb. was sortingc. am sorting d. had sorted【答案】b【考点定位】本题考查时态的用法【解析】首先根据时间状语this morning知道是发生过的事情，去除a、c两项，然后过去完成时的使用前提是有动作的先后顺序，然而本句指的是“今天早晨我正把从网上下载的阅读材料分类时电脑坏的。”指的是过去正在进行的动作用过去进行时，b项正确。【2012浙江卷】16. alvin, are you coming with us? id love to, but something unexpected.a. has come up b. was coming up c. had come upd. would come up【2012浙江卷】13.peter had intended to take a job in business, but _that plan after the unpleasant experience in canada in 2010.a. had abandoned b. abandonedc. abandond. will abandon【2012江苏卷】34. the president hopes that the people will be better off when he quits than when he_.a. has started b. startsc. startedd. will start【2012江苏卷】32. the manager is said to have arrived back from paris where he_ some european partners.a. would meet b. is meetingc. meetsd. had met【2012安徽卷】35. after school we went to the reading-room to do some reading, only to be told that it .a. was decorated b. had decoratedc. had been decorating d. was being decorated 【2012安徽卷】33. walmart, which is one of the largest american supermarket chains, some of its store open 24 hours on mondays through saturdays.a. keeps b. keep c. have kept d. had kept【2012安徽卷】26. in order to find the missing child , villagers all they can over the past five hours. a. did b. do c. had done d. have been doing【2011高考真题精选】（2011山东卷,31when i got on the bus, i i had left my wallet at home.a. was realizingb. realizedc. have realizedd. would realize【答案】b（2011山东卷,35she was surprised to find the fridge empty; the child everything!a. had been e ating b. had eaten c. have eaten d. have been eating（2011江苏卷,21i hear you in a pub. whats it like?well, its very hard work and im always tired, but i dont mind.a.are workingb.will work c.were working d.will be working（2011江苏卷,23tommy is planning to buy a car.i know. by next month, he enough for a used one. a. saves b .savedc.will save d. will have sav