广东省东莞市南开实验学校高考英语二轮复习 专题2 代词精品教学案（含解析）.doc

广东省东莞市南开实验学校2014年高考英语二轮复习精品教学案：专题2 代词（解析版） 2考查不定代词的用法。常考的不定代词有any，some，all，none，other，another, every, nothing等。 3考查反身代词的用法。常考的反身代词有myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, themselves等。 4考查it的用法。it作形式主语、形式宾语的用法； it的实指用法； it的虚指用法，如：can help it, put it, catch it, come it, make it, see to it that等。 2014年高考对代词的考查将继续沿着两条主线前进：加强语境的真实性和复杂性； 加强对语义较丰富、语法较复杂的不定代词的考查。【重点知识梳理】一：both，all，either，each，every，neither，none的用法1both，either，neither用于两者。both意为“两者都”；either意为“两者中的任何一个”；neither意为“两者中的任何一个都不”。如：both the boys are clever.两个男孩每个都很聪明。either of the two boys is clever.两个男孩都很聪明。neither of the two boys is clever.两个男孩都不聪明。2all，none，each，every用于多者。all意为“全部都”，指可数的东西时为复数，指不可数的东西时为单数；none意为“全都不，任何一个都不”，指可数的东西时可为单数或复数，指不可数的东西时为单数；each和every意为“每一个”，为单数，两者都能作定语用，但each还可作主语、宾语和同位语。all of the students are there.all (of) the milk is there.every student in our school works hard.我们学校的学生都很用功。each student may have an edictionary./each of the students has an edictionary./the students each have an edictionary.每个学生都可有一本电子词典。例1、 (2013全国，14)its an eitheror situationwe can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we cant do _.aothers beither canother dboth二：some和any的用法1表示“一些”时，some常用于肯定句；any常用于否定、疑问或条件句中。如：if you have any questions, please ask me.2在疑问句中可用some，表示希望得到对方肯定的回答。如：would you like some coffee?3some可接单数名词表示“某一个”；any可接单数名词表示“任何一个”。如：i remember having read this article in some magazine.here are three novels.you may read any.三：复合不定代词的用法由some，any，no，every加上body，one，thing构成的不定代词，叫复合不定代词。1some构成的不定代词一般用于肯定句，意为“某人或某物，重要的人或事”。如：somebody is waiting outside.i have something for you.she thinks shes something since she won the prize.获奖之后，她觉得自己了不起了。2any构成的不定代词一般用于否定句、疑问句或条件状语从句中，意为“随便某个人或物，无论什么人或物，什么人或物都可以”。如：does anybody else want to go?there isnt anything in the box.if anyone wants to go on the trip, register here please!有时也用于肯定句中表示“任何人或物”。如：anybody can work out that simple maths problem.you can take anything you like.3no构成的不定代词意为“没什么人或物”。如：i know nothing about it.there is nobody here.4every构成的不定代词意为“一切人或物，每个人或物”。everything还可表示“最重要的人或物”。如：everybody enjoyed themselves on vacation.she does everything to help her mother.her son is everything to her.对她来说儿子就是一切。例2、 (2013安徽，27)the project requires close teamwork. _ will be achieved unless we work well together.anothing banything csomething deverything答案：a本题考查代词。句意：这一计划要求密切的团队合作。除非我们一起好好工作，否则什么也完不成。nothing“没有什么东西”；anything“任何东西”；something“某个东西”；everything“一切东西”。由句意可知答案为a。四：the other，other，another，others，the others的区别the other/otherthe other可单独使用，特指两个人或物中的“另一个”；也可修饰名词表示“另外的”。other不能单独使用，只能修饰名词，表示泛指意义another可单独使用，也可修饰名词，泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一个”，代替或修饰单数可数名词。另外another后可接“基数词/few复数名词”形式，表示“另外的(多少)”others/the othersothers只能单独使用，表示泛指意义，意为“其他的人或事物”，常与some一起出现；特指“其他的全部人或事物”时用the othershe is willing to help others/other people.twenty of the students in our class have been to beijing. the other students/the others have not.some of us like football, and others are fond of basketball.we need another five chairs/five more chairs.例3、(2013重庆，31)recycling is one way to protect the environment; reusing is _.aanother bthe other cone another done五：none，no one，nobody，nothing的区别none既可指人，也可指物；侧重数量，通常指三者或三者以上的人或物；后可接of短语；作主语时谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数；常用来回答由how many/much引导的疑问句how much money do you have?none.no one/nobody只能指人；是泛指概念，常用来回答由who引导的疑问句；不与of短语连用；作主语时，谓语动词用单数who is in the room?nobody./no one.nothing只能指物，且表泛指概念；常用来回答由what引导的疑问句what are you doing now?nothing.考点六：替代词的用法和区别it替代前面提到过的同一个人或者物have you found your pen?no, i havent found it.one/onesone用来替代前面出现的单数名词，是泛指概念，相当于a/an单数名词。其复数形式为onesi think this book is better than the one i read last time.these shoes are not good enough. show me some better ones.that/thosethat用来替代前面出现的同类的名词，是同类替代，但并非同一个，可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词。指代单数可数名词相当于the one。其复数形式为those，相当于the onesthe weather in beijing is much colder than that in nanjing in winter.例4、(2013浙江，11)half of _ surveyed in 16 countries say they go first to their closest friend to share their deepest wishes and darkest fears.athese bsomecones dthose答案：d本题考查代词的用法。句意：在那些16个国家的被调查者中有一半说他们首先要去找他们最亲密的朋友去分享他们最深刻的愿望和最隐秘的恐惧。分析结构可知，此处要用代词指代那些被调查者。these不能用于代词的替代；some某个，某些；ones 可以指代，但是为泛指，而此处为特指，用those相当于the ones，所以正确答案为d。考点七：it的用法1it可用于无人称句，表示自然现象、季节、时间、距离、环境等。如：it is getting warmer and warmer.it was already ten oclock when he arrived home.its ten minutes walk from here to our school.its very quiet at the moment.2it可代替不定式、动名词或从句作形式主语或形式宾语。如：its important for us to learn a second language.we must make it clear that anyone who breaks the law will be punished.3熟记下列有关it的固定句型make it；get it；keep it up；see to it that； put it【高频考点突破】考点一、考查代词。 例1（2013山东卷）ive lived in new york and chicago, but dont like _ of them very much.a. either bany ceach danother考点二、考查不定代词例2（2013陕西卷）although rosemary had suffered from a serious illness for years, she lost _ of her enthusiasm for life.asome bneither cnone dall 考点三、考查it作形式宾语的用法 例3. you may depend on_ that they will look after your daughter when you are away. a. them bthis cher dit 考点四、考查代词的用法 例4they put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of_ carried out in their work. a. which bwhat cthat dthem【经典考题精析】【2013高考真题精选】（2013浙江）11.half of _surveyed in 16 countries say they go first to their closest friend to share their deepest wishes and darkest fears.a.these b. some c. ones d. those 答案：d解析：（2013江西卷)26.there are a small number of people involved, possibly _twenty.a. as few asb. as little asc. as many asd. as much as【答案】a 【解析】句意为：涉及少量人员，可能就20个。asas 后接数字，译为“ 达”。由题干中的a small number of可知，说话者语意着重“少”的概念；而little 修饰不可数名词，few修饰可数名词。所以a项正确。（2013山东卷)21. ive lived in new york and chicago, but dont like _ of them very much. a. eitherb. any c. each d. another （2013四川)2. the traffic on the main streets has a longer green signal than _ on the small ones. a. one b. this c. that d. it（2013天津卷)12. at our factory there are a few machines similar to _ described in this magazine. a. themb. thesec. thosed. ones（2013辽宁卷)29.to her joy,della earned first the trust of her students and of her collegues.a.that b.one c.ones d.those（2013重庆卷)31.recycling is one way to protect the environment; reusing is _. a. anotherb. the otherc. one anotherd. one（2013安徽卷)27. this project requires close teamwork. will be achieved unless we work well together.a. nothing b. anything c. something d. everything【2012高考真题精选】【2012全国ii】9. sarah made _ to the airport just in time to catch her plane this morning.a. herself b. this c. that d. it 【答案】d【考点定位】考查代词的用法。【解析】此处it是形式主语，代替后面的不定式短语。句意：sarah今天早上成功地及时到达了机场赶上了她的航班。【2012四川卷】2. new technologies have made _ possible to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost.a. that b. this c. one d. it 【2012江西卷】23my brother would like to buy a good watch but was available from that shop.anothingbnonecno onedneither【2012重庆卷】21.-john, when shall we meet again, thursday or friday? -_.ill be off to london then. a. either b. neither c. both d. none【2012北京卷】 if youre buying todays paper from the stand, could you get for me?a. one b. such c. this d. that【答案】a【考点定位】代词的用法【解析】根据句意：如果你去报摊上买今天的报纸，给我捎回一份好吗？one作“一个”，“一本”，“一件”等解，用来代替上文提到过的paper。相当于a copy of paper.【2012浙江卷】5.studying wendys menu, i found that many of the items are similar to_ of mcdonalds.a. thoseb. onesc. anyd. all【2012江苏卷】23.sophia waited for a reply, but _ came.a. either b. another c. neither d. none【2012陕西卷】13. no matter where he is, he makes _a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.a. him b this c. that d. it 【2012全国新课程】31. larry asks bill and peter to go on a picnic with him, but of them wants to, because they have work to do.a. either b. anyc. neither d. none【答案】c【2012山东卷】21. when you are done with the book, just give it to lucy or helen or _.a. whoeverb. whereverc. whatever d. however【2011高考真题精选】（2011山东卷,24the two girls are so alike that strangers find _ difficult to tell one from the other.a. it b. them c. her d. that（2011福建卷,21we have various summer camps for your holidays. you can choose _ based on your own interests. a. either b. each c. one d. it（2011天津卷,1we feel our duty to make our country a better place.a. it b. this c. that d. one（2011重庆卷,27silly me! i forget what my luggage looks like.what do you think of over there?a. the one b. this c.it d.that（2011山东卷24the two girls are so alike that strangers find_ difficult to tell one from the other.a. it b. them c, her d. that（2011北京卷,34the employment rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increase .a. them b. those c. it d. that【答案】c【考点定位】考查代词it的用法。【解析】句意为“由于当地政府的努力，大城市里的就业率持续升高。”it代指前面交代过的“the employment rate”，是单数，而them和those是复数。因此选c。2011陕西卷23it is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do_benefits our work most. a. who b. which c. that d. what（2011湖南卷35its not what we do once in a while _ shapes our lives, but what we do consistentlya .which b. that c. how d. when（2011北京卷,34the employment rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increase .a. them b. those c. it d. that（2011上海春招,26they produced two reports, _ of which contained any useful suggestions.a. eitherb. allc. noned. neither【答案】d【考点定位】考查不定代词的用法。【解析】句意为“他们提供了两份报告，没有一份报告含有任何有用的建议。”neither两个都不；either两者之一，但后半句里的“any useful suggestions”与否定连用；all与none指三个或三个以上，与前面的“two reports”不相一致。因此选d。（2011山东卷,24the two girls are so alike that strangers find _ difficult to tell one from the other.a. it b. them c. her d. that（2011福建卷,21we have various summer camps fo