江苏省铜山县高考英语提升训练（14）(1).doc

江苏省铜山县2014高考英语提升训练（14）及答案阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（a、b、c和d）中，选出最佳选项。adutch treat is a late-nineteenth-century term, and it originally refers to a dinner where everyone is expected to pay for his own share of the food and drink. if people go “dutch treat”, or simply “go dutch”, it means that they will share the expenses of a social engagement. there are many other “dutch” expressions in english, many of which were invented in britain in the seventeenth century, when the dutch and the english were commercial and military rivals. the british used “dutch” to refer to something bad, cheap and shameful. a “dutch bargain” at that time was an uneven, one-sided deal; “dutch reckoning” was an unitemized account; and “dutch widow” was slang for prostitute. later centuries brought in “dutch courage”, for bravery induced by drink; “dutch concert”, for discordant music; “dutch nightingale”, meaning a frog; and “double dutch”, for incomprehensible language, or unintelligible talk. some of the expressions are still in use today, but some are not. in fact, in american english, some “dutch” expressions have nothing to do with the dutch, but something with the german. it was probably because of the similar spelling and pronunciation that people made a mistake in distinguishing between “dutch” and “deutsch” (the german word for german), when german immigrants came to america in the 1700s. for instance, “the pennsylvania dutch” refers to the german descendants, instead of the dutch descendants, living in pennsylvania. 56. many of the “dutch” expressions were invented with derogatory (贬义) sense, because . a. the dutch were underdeveloped people. b .britain and holland were competitors at that time. c. the dutch had many bad habits. d. the british were superior to the dutch. 【答案】b【解析】细节理解题。根据when the dutch and the english were commercial and military rivals. 英国和荷兰进行商业和军事竞争，故选b。57. with the information you get from paragraph 2, make a guess at the meaning of the sentence “you are in dutch”. it probably means .a.you are in holland. b. you are welcome. c. you are in trouble. d. you are lucky.【答案】c【解析】句意猜测题。根据the british used “dutch” to refer to something bad and shameful.因为dutch指的是不好可耻的事情，所以这句应该理解为“你有麻烦了”，故选c。58. according to the passage, some native american “dutch” expressions were related to the german instead of the dutch, simply because .a. people hated the german as much as the dutch. b.people made a mistake at the beginning. c.people made a joke about the german.d.the german immigrants proclaimed that they were dutch. 【答案】b【解析】细节理解题。根据it was probably because of the similar spelling and pronunciation that people made a mistake in distinguishing between “dutch” and “deutsch” (the german word for german),是因为人们在开始时出现了错误，故选b。 as thousands of communities in the usa especially in the south became booming gateways for immigrant families from central and south america during the 1990s and the early years of the new century, public schools struggled with the unfamiliar task of serving the large numbers of english learners arriving in their classrooms. education programs needed to be built from scratch. “we had no teaching resources suitable for english learners here before. we had to develop them all ourselves,” a texas principal said. throughout the country, districts had to train their own teachers to teach english to non-native speakers or recruit teachers from elsewhere. school staff members had to figure out how to communicate with parents who spoke no english. but even as immigration has slowed or stopped in many places, and instructional programs for english-learners have matured, serving immigrant families and their children remains a work in progress in many public schools, especially those in communities that are skeptical, or sometimes unwelcoming, to the newcomers. one of the biggest challenges educators face, is communicating effectively with parents who dont speak english an issue that, in part, has contributed to recent complaints of discrimination by latino students in some cities. “the parents role is very important for the success of these students, but its also one of the most difficult things weve had to tackle,” said jim d. rollins, the president of the springdale school district, where the 19,000-student school system has gone from having no english-learners 15 years ago to more than 7,500 now. “you have to make it a priority and work on it, work on it, and work on it.” aside from the practical challenges, such as finding bilingual (会说两种语言的) staff members, guiding districts through such dramatic changes requires school leaders to bridge difficult political and cultural divides. for school leaders in the south, especially in the last few years, this difficult job has been made harder still by the negative attitudes of some locals towards immigrants. 36. according to the passage, what is the problem that public schools are facing? a. handling more cases from the immigrant mexican communities. b. offering services to immigrant families in the southern states. c. offering enough communicative lessons to immigrant parents. d. providing education for non-native english learners.【答案】d【解析】细节理解题。根据public schools struggled with the unfamiliar task of serving the large numbers of english learners arriving in their classrooms.公立学校目前面临的问题是为那些母语不是英语的学生提供教育，故选d。37. the underlined part “built from scratch” (in paragraph 2) probably means “_”. a. completely new b. painful to make c. based on past experience d. constructed gradually 【答案】a【解析】短语猜测题。根据we had no teaching resources suitable for english learners here before.因为以前没有过适合英语的初学者的教学资源，所以这个短语应是完全是新的，故选a。38. what is one of the things the school leaders have done to deal with the problems? a. provide more spanish-only classes. b. invite more teachers from other places. c. train their teachers to speak spanish. d. use bilingual parents as part-time teachers.【答案】b【解析】细节理解题。根据throughout the country, districts had to train their own teachers to teach english to non-native speakers or recruit teachers from elsewhere.主要问题是解决师资问题，需要更多的老师，需要邀请从外地来的老师，故选b。39. what do we know about the immigrant parents? a. many of them cannot speak english. b. most of them think education is not important. c. some of them feel skeptical about the local community. d. few of them have attended american schools. 【答案】a【解析】细节理解题。根据school staff members had to figure out how to communicate with parents who spoke no english.。这些父母当然不会讲英语，故选a。40. according to paragraph 3, what has caused some of the recent complaints by latino students? a. discrimination by schools. b. unfriendliness of the locals. c. miscommunication with parents. d. poor government service.【答案】c【解析】细节理解题。根据one of the biggest challenges educators face, is communicating effectively with parents who dont speak english an issue that, in part, has contributed to complaints of discrimination by latino students in some cities.由于学生的家长不会英语所以交流起来有一定的困难，容易引起误解，故选c。阅读理解-dsteven spielbergs new movie lincoln paints a vivid and breath-taking picture of the 16th u.s. president and his determination to end slavery. spielberg based his film on parts of team of rivals, a book by doris kearns goodwin. he makes abraham lincoln relevant today by presenting a cunning political mind trying to overcome washingtons all too familiar political divisions.in previous movies, lincoln was shown as a simple yet almost perfect man. but spielbergs lincoln is different. “i was determined to make a movie about a working president dealing with real problems. not some angel,” spielberg said.we watch the president first ending slavery and then the war.the films adviser, historian eric martin, explains how lincolns thinking evolved.“his main objective when the war began was not the freeing of the slaves but to keep the country united. lincoln realizes that in order to keep the country together, the question of slavery will have to be addressed,” martin said.the film focuses on the last four months of his presidency.in the movie, the arguments among political enemies seem very similar to the problems we see in washington today. the disagreements were bitter.the film turns to lincolns relationships with his wife and kids, his beliefs and constant self-examination. daniel day-lewis, the actor who plays lincoln, offers an oscar-worthy performance as the 16th president. not only is his physical similarity to the president incredible, he is able to capture many of lincolns mannerisms and his high-pitched, almost lady-like voice. “i found it very easy to play the role of lincoln because the real man himself was so open. when i was researching his history to prepare for the part, one of the most surprising things i found was just how accessible he was. even in war-time, when he was in great danger, he was always willing to meet with others and share his ideas,” day-lewis said.spielbergs lincoln will head to the oscars. but more important it will make history.41. what does spielberg say is different about his movie of lincoln? a. it is based on a book called “team of rivals”. b. it mainly shows how cunning lincoln was. c. it focuses on how he worked as a politician. d. it describes how determined he was.【答案】c【解析】细节理解题。根据i was determined to make a movie about a working president dealing with real problems.主要集中于林肯是作为一个政治家是怎样工作的，故选c。42. according to martin, abraham lincoln _. a. started the war to free the slaves b. ended slavery to keep the country united c. was killed because of his military failure d. was forced to free the slaves【答案】b【解析】细节理解题。根据lincoln realizes that in order to keep the country together, the question of slavery will have to be addressed,林肯要结束奴隶制度保持国家统一，故选b。43. which of the following is true about the actor who plays lincoln? a. he looks very similar to lincoln. b. his performance is very lady-like. c. he won an oscar for his performance. d. he believed he really was lincoln.【答案】a【解析】细节理解题。根据not only is his physical similarity to the president incredible, he is able to capture many of lincolns mannerisms and his high-pitched, almost lady-like voice演员看起来要和真正的林肯长相相似，故选a。44. what is the authors opinion about the movie? a. it reflects historical facts. b. it is controversial. c. its performances arent realistic. d. it is of high quality.【答案】d【解析】细节理解题。根据spielbergs lincoln will head to the oscars. but more important it will make history.作者对这部电影的评价很高，故选d。45. in what section in a newspaper can this passage most probably be found? a. people in history b. entertainment c. lifestyle d. politics【答案】b【解析】细节理解题。根据短文主要介绍了电影的内容可知应该出现在娱乐节目，故选b。阅读理解the cave crawler mining robotwhy do human beings still risk their lives under ground and doing one of the dirtiest and most dangerous jobs in the world? its an increasingly urgent question,given the recent high-profile(引人注目的)mining accidents in sago, w. va., and huntington, utah. a small group of engineers and robotics experts envision(展望)a day in the not-too-distant future when robots and other technology do most of the dangerous mining work.one of the first mining robots was developed five years ago at carnegie-mellon universitys robotics institute. it was called groundhog and it looked like a golf cart. it used lasers to “see” in dark tunnels and map abandoned minessome of the most dangerous work in the business. the latest prototype is called cave crawler. its a bit smaller than groundhog, and even more advanced. it can take photos and video and has sensors mounted that can detect the presence of dangerous gases. incredibly, the robot has a real sense of logic. if it comes across an obstacle it gets momentarily confused, it has to think through the process and where to go next, and sometimes it throws a fit just like a real person. the biggest obsta