2018年河南专升本英语基础语法汇总.doc

2018年河南专升本英语基础语法汇总助动词7:be, have, do, shall, will, should, would情态助动词14：may, might; can, could; will, would; shall, should; must, need, dare, used to, ought to，had better等。系动词4：(1) be: 表示“是”。这个词在不同的主语后面和不同的时态中有不同的形式，is，am，are，was，were，have/has been等We are Chinese. 我们是中国人。(2) 感官：表示“感觉”的词，如look，seem，feel，smell，sound，taste等。I feel ill. 我觉得不舒服。The story sounds interesting. 这个故事听起来很有趣。(3) 变化:表示“变”、“变成”的意思的词，如become, get, grow, turn等。The weather gets warmer now. 现在天气变得暖和多了。(4)状态：表示“持续”的词。如remain, keep, stay, continue, stand等。Why dont you put the meat in the fridge? It will stay fresh for several days.五大基本句型：基本句型一：S +V (主+谓)The boy laughed. 那孩子笑了。基本句型二：S +V +O (主+谓+宾)He loved ice-cream. 他喜欢冰淇淋。基本句型三：S +V +P (主+系动词+表语)基本句型四: S +V +IO +DO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)He asked me a question. 1.他问我(一个)问题。基本句型五: S +V +O+C (主+谓+宾+宾补)We call him Lao Wang. 我们叫他老王。主动变被动:1.原句中宾语，变为被动句中主语2原句中动词，变为被动：be+过去分词3.原句中主语，如有需要，就放在by后面.4.原句中其他成分，如定语、状语等，保持不变主动表被动：1.连系动词，如smell, taste, feel, sound, prove, appeare，run，fall，go等，主动形式表示被动意义2.有些及物动词，如read, write, wash, sell, cook，burn等与副词well, easily, smoothly等连用时，习惯上保留使用主动语态来表示被动含义。This kind of book sells well. 这种书很畅销。3.be worth doing “值得”，此结构用主动形式表达被动含义。This novel is worth reading. 这本小说值得读4.表示“需要”之意的need, want, require, deserve这四个词，当其前面主语是“物”时，其后需要接动词-ing或to be done (动词过去分词)形式做宾语，表示被动含义。强调句：It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who+ 句子把it is(was)that/who 去掉，如果仍然是一个完整的句子，这表示是强调句型。1.It is no use (no good, fun, a waste of time/money, a good pleasure, no help, useless, worthwhile)+doing2.1)It takes/took sb +time/money+to do sth.做花费的时间、金钱2) It is +adj.+(of /for sb)+to do(做某事)3) It is a pleasure/a pity/an honure +to do sth.3.doing 作宾语避免错过(少)延期 avoid/miss/delay/postpone建议完成(多)练习 suggest/advise/finish/practise喜欢想象禁不住enjoy/appreciate/imagine/fancy/cant help/resist承认否定与嫉妒 admit/allow/deny/envy逃脱冒险莫原谅 escape/risk/pardon/excuse忍受保持(不)介意 stand/keep/keen on/mindhave trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth做有困难spend time/money (in) doing sth 做花费金钱时间be busy (in) doing sth 忙于做lose no time(in)doing sth立即做4.下列动词之后只能跟to do作宾语：hope, wish, manage, fail, afford, arrange, ask, aim, agree, beg, decide, demand, happen, long, offer, prepare, plan，pretendhave, let, make宾补可以为：do(主动)done(被动)doing(处于某种状态，正在)(相似的词还有keep，get，leave等)使役动词have, let, make等5.表示感觉的动词(一感觉feel，一发现find，二听hear, listen to，五看look at, see, watch, observe, notice)宾补有三种形式：do(主动，表动作全过程)不带to的不定式doing(主动，表动作部分过程)done(被动)6.在be said/reported/believed/thought +to do据说、据报