高考英语 易错点点睛与高考突破 专题04 情态动词和虚拟语气.doc

2013年高考英语易错点点睛与高考突破 专题04 情态动词和虚拟语气【2013高考预测】1.情态动词的词义辨析2.情态动词在对话情景中的用法3.情态动词 + have + 过去分词结构4.虚拟语气的一些特殊句式情态动词的一些习惯用法5.含有情态动词的反意疑问句【难点突破】难点 1 情态动词的一些习惯用法1.we _ wait for a bus to get to the station since we are not in a hurry.a. might well b. might as well c. could well d. should as well难点 2 含有情态动词的反意疑问句2.better go to see my sick colleague right now, a. hadnt b. didnt c. dont d. wont当陈述部分有dare，need时，作实意动词，疑问部分用do的适当形式，作情态动词，疑问部分用情态动词本身。例如:they need to do it, dont they?you dare not come, dare you?must表示“必须”时，附加疑问句用neednt或 mustnt。表示推测时，疑问部分要根据must后的谓语动词以及相对应的时态来确定。例如:you must be mr.zhang, arent you?you must have finished it, havent you/didnt you?he must have finished the work last night, didnt he?(有时间状语 last night, 不能用 hasnt he)【变式探究】1 he must be in the classroom,_a. mustnt b. cant c. isnt d. can答案: c解析:表示推测时，must的反意疑问部分根据谓语动词来确定。2 there used to be a high tower here, ?a. was there b. wasnt there c. used there d. usednt there答案: d解析:见used to的用法。3 look! bob is carefully examine the electric lines.a. he should be too carefulb. he must be too carefulc. he cannot be too carefuld. he can be too careful2. i often see lights in that empty house. do you think i _ report it to the police?. a. should b. may c. will d. can【错误解答】 d【易错点点睛】 本题的解题思路要从情态动词本身的意义和用法开始。按照情景，在空房子里看到灯光，是一件奇怪而令人生疑的事，所以会问：你是否认为我应当把这事情报告给警察?强调“应该”，所以用should.【正确解答】 a3. i _ pay tracy a visit, but im not sure whether i will have time this sunday. a. should b. might c. would d. could【错误解答】 b【易错点点睛】 从后文看，本周不一定有时间去看 tracy，是表示推测。如果把misht be的猜测弄混淆了，就会误选b.should可以表示“对可能发生事情的推测”。【正确解答】 a4. “the interest _ be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides,”declared the judge.a. may b. should c. must d. shall5. john, look at the time. _ you piano the piaho at such a late hour? a. must b. can c. may d. need情态动词的基本用法 i.can(could)1.表示体力或脑力方面的能力，或根据客观规定律能做某事的能力，意思是“能够”。can表“能够” 时，既可指将来，也可指现在。be able to 在表示能 力时与can同义，但可用:于各种时态，强调通过努力克服困难成功地做某事，相当managed to do 或succeeded in doing.例如:no one can (is able to) finish such a difficult thing. he can speak english. i can go there now. with the help of the fire men ,the the trapped peopel was able to leave the burning buildung(不能用could)2.表示许可、允许，在疑问句中表示 “请求，许可”，否定句中表示 “不许”，此时可与may通采用，有时cannot可以表示 “禁止”，相当于“mustnt”,例如:may(can)i help you?that sort of thing cant go on !you cant ( mustnt, are not allowed to ) play computer games again.3.表示推测，强调客观可能性“可能、会”，can多用于疑问句和否定句，表示猜测时，情态动词后可用进行式或完成式。there comes a man. who can it be?it must be our english teacher.no, it cant be him. he has gone to america!he cant have gone there alone.4.could表示“能力”“可能性”“许可”，为can的过去式。一般用于委婉、客气地提出问题或陈述看法，此时can，could并没有时间上的差别，只是 could的语气更客气些。回答时用原形回答。could i borrow your english dictionary?of course you can. go ahead.may,might( might 为 may 的过去式) 1.表示许可，有“可以”的意思，询问或说的一件事可不可以做，有时可以用can互换。其否定式 may not表示“不可以、禁止、阻止”等，常用must not =mustnt代替，may用于疑问句中，回答这种问题时，多避免用may，而用其他形式，以免显得口气太严峻或不客气。例如:mum, may i go to the cinema tonight?yes, you may. (no, you mustnt/ youd better not. ) 比较:yes, please/please dont.2.表推测、或许、可能的意思，表示一件事或许会发生，只用在陈述包中。例如: her parents may come to see her tomorrow.3.may句式用来表示祝愿。例如:may you succeed! = i hope you may succeed.may you be happy, healthy and wealthy!4.might是may的过去式，表示可以做的事或可能发生的事；主句谓语动词是过去时态时用 might不用may。might一般用于比may的口气委婉，或表示现实的可能性更小一些的语境中.例如:our teacher suggested a few books which i might buy.i wonder if i might buy some sugar now.1.表示必须要做的事，意为“必须”，否定式 mustnt表示“不应该，不许可，禁止”等。因此，在回答带有must的问句时，不用mustnt，而用 neednt或donhave to.例如:must i hand in the paper now?yes,you must.no,you neednt./you dont have to.2.用于一、三人称的疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见和向对方请示。例如:shall we begin our class?when shall my father be able to leave hospital?v. should 和 ought toshould表示劝告、建议常作“应当”讲，与ought to有时可互换，ought to更注重一些责任义务。 should表示预测可能性，并译作“可能，(按道理)应该”；而ought to则表示非常可能。should用于委婉、谦逊地提出意见或建议，ousht to可表示因责任、义务等该做的事。例如:we should (ought to) help each other in work.( ought to 的语气要强)they should come here now. (按道理应该到了)i am your teacher, i ought to help with your study.(表示有这个责任).will和wouldwill可以表示意愿、意志和决心，适用于各种人称。可以用来表示各种倾向或习惯动作。有时还用来表示“难免”。其过去式是would，也可以是单独的情态动词，在表示委婉提出请求、建议或看法时，语气比will委婉，肯定的回答时用will。例如:dont worry. he will do his best.where there is a will, there will be a success.(表示习惯)accident will happen. ( 难免 )would you please do me a favor?【变式探究】1 coffee be drunk while it is hot.a. shall b. must c. will d. ought to答案: d解析:这里ought to表示“劝告或推荐”。2 tell him that he have the book tomorrow afternoona. shall b. will c. need d. dare答案: a解析:从句意判断，表示了“我”的承诺。shall用于第二、三人称表示“允诺、命令、警告”的含义。3 i lived with my uncle this summer and i didnt have to pay rent. so i _ save most of my salary.a. could b. would c. was ableto d. should答案: c解析:was able to表示“能够做什么而且已经做成”。易错点点睛 2 情态动词对话情景中的用法1.lucy doesnt mind lending you her dictionary. she .ive already borrowed one. a. musnt b. may not c. cant d. neednt3.who is the girl standing over there?well. if you _ know, her name is mobile.a. may b. can c. must d. shall【错误解答】 d【易错点点睛】 may表示“可以”，can表示“能够”，shall表示“应该”，must表示“必须，一定”，从句意来看:如果你一定要知道的话，(我就告诉你吧)她的名字是mobile.那么只有must符合了。【正确解答】 c4.excuse me, but i want to use your computer to type a report.you _ have my computer if you dont take care of it. a. cant b. might not c. neednt d. shouldnt【特别提醒】情态动词中三组表达方式的用法区别1.would与used to的区别。在表示过去重复的习惯时，used to可用would代替。used to强调过去的行为同现在的对比，含有“过去怎样，而现在却不这样了”的含义；而would则单纯表示过去的习惯动作，常与often，everyday连用，当只是表示过去的状态时，只能用used to.例如:they would have a drind in the bar at noon.thy used to have a drink in the bar at noon.(现在右能不了)china is not what it used to be.(表示对比，不能用would)every evening,she would sit in frnt of the door to wait for her son .(表示过去的习惯动作，不能用used to)they used to be a temple on the to of the mountain.(表示过去的状态，不能用would)2.表示“宁愿做某事”时，有下列句式结构:would rather do somethingwould do sth. rather than do sth.would rather sb. did sth.prefer to do sth.prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.prefer to do sth. to doing sth.3.情态动词否定式所表达的含义may not,might not 或许不，可能不cant can not(= be not able to)不能说cant,can not 不可能may not,cant, can not, mustnt (= be not allowed to)不许可needt(= dont have to)不必shouldnt,oughtnt to (= be not supposed to)不应该【变式探究】1 can i tell my best friend about it7 no, i dont want anyone else to know it. you _ keep it to yourself.a. can b. need c. must d. may3 mum,why are you here?ive brought your camera. i thought you _ use it.a. can b. should c. might d. will b. might go through c. ought to have gone through d. must have zone through3.i stayed at a hotel while in new york. oh,did you? you with barbara.a. could have stayed b. could stay c. would stay d. must have stayed4. oh, im not feeling well in the stomach.i _ so much fried chicken just now.a. shouldnt eat b. mustnt have eaten c. shouldnt have eaten d. mustnt eat【错误解答】 b【易错点点睛】 just now是表示过去的时间状语。情态动词在表示过去发生的事时，必须用“情态动词+have+过去分词”结构。所以只能在选项b或c中来确定答案。mustnt have eaten是一个错误选项，因为mustnt + 动词表示“禁止”，不表示判断或推测。全句意为:噢，我觉秘胃不舒服。我刚才不应该吃那么多炸鸡。 【正确解答】 c5. do you know where david is? i couldnt find him anywhere.well. he have gone far-his coat is still here.a. shouldnt b. mustnt c. cant d. wouldnt【特别提醒】小结:“情态动词 +过去分词”用法1.must have done表示对过去已经发生的行为进行推测，意思是“想必、准是、一定做了某事”。例如:it must have rained last night, for the ground was quite muddy.the lights were out. they must have been asleep.2.maymight have done表示对过去已经发生行为韵推测；意思是“也许；或许、已经(没有)”。一般只用于肯定句或否定句中，不用于疑问句。用 might 表示语气更加不肯定。例如:its too late. i think he may have gone to bed. he may not have finished the work. she might have caught a cold. 3.might have done表示“本来可能；”，但实际上没有发生的事情。还可以表示“本来应该或可以做某事”的意思；有轻微的责备语气。例如: you should not have swum in that river. you might have been eaten by fish.you might have given him more help, though you were busy.4.could have done用于肯定句中，表示“可能已经”的意义，也可以表示过去没有实现的可能性，意思为“本来可以”。例如:you could have done better, but you were too careless.i went to new york last summer and stayed at a hotel, but i could have stayed with my brother. i saw his father just now. he couldnt have gone to shanghai.5.shouldougt to have done用于肯定句时，表示本该做某事，但实际上没做；用于否定句时，则表示不该做的事反而做了。例如:you should/ ought to have come to the meeting earlier.he ought not to have treated his parents like that. 6.neednt have done表示本来不必去做的事但做了。但是didnt need to表示”没有必要做而实际上也没有做”。例如:you neednt have taken a taxi here, for it was very near to my house.i didnt need to clean the room. my mother did it.7.canhave done和can not have done表示对过去发生的行为的怀疑和不肯定。例如:he cannot have taken away the magazine.can he have gone home?【变式探究】1 did mary come to the party? i dont know. she while i was out.a. may have come b. must have come c. might come d. could come易错点点睛 4 虚拟语气的一些特殊句式1.if i _ plan to do anything i wanted to do, id like to go tibet and travel through as much of if as possible.a. would b. could c. had to d. ought to【错误解答】 a【易错点点睛】 受if条件虚拟语气的影响，会误选a，根据句意，如果“能够的话”，当用could更符合语境。【正确解答】 b 2. you didnt let me drive. if we_turn, you so tired.a. drove; didnt get b. drove; wouldnt get c. were driving; wouldnt get d. had driven; wonldnt have got4. i would love _ to the party last night, but i had to work extra hours to finish a report.a. to go b. to have gone c. going d. having gone【特别提醒】虚拟语气中的几种特殊情况 1.if省略句在条件句中，可省略if把were，had，should提到句首，变为倒装句式。如果谓语动词是否定形式时，不能用动词的缩略形式。例如: should it (if it should) rain tomorrow; we would not go fishing.were it not (if it were not)the expense, i would go abroad now. (不能用 werent)2.在would rather后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气形式用动词的过去式，在it is(hish) time (that)句型中，从句中的谓语动词用过去式，或 should + 动词原形，但should不能省略。例如:it is high time that you went to school.it is high time we should start out.i would rather they didnt hear of the news. 4.if only和 only if 句型if only可以用来表示对现在或未来的愿望,也可以表示与过去事实相反的愿望。例如:if only i could swim.(现在的愿望)if only they would tell me what they have decided. (将来的愿望)if only they had remembered to buy some fruit just now. (与过去事实相反的愿望) (2)only if用于句首，后接从句主谓倒装，意思是“只要，只有”。例如: only if the red light comes on is there any danger to employees. only if a teacher has given permissionis a student allowed to enter this room.【变式探究】1 shall i come tomorrow?id rather you .a. didnt b. wont c. dont d. wouldnt答案: a【2013高考突破】1. some young people these days just_ go out of the internet bars into the real worldamustnt bshouldnt cwont dneednt3. i didnt see her in the conference room this morning. she _ have done the presentation at the meeting. a. couldntb. shouldntc. needntd. may not【答案】a【解析】考查“情态动词+have done”的用法。从第一个句子告诉我们：没有看到哦她出席会议，所以用“情态动词+have done”表示对过去事情有把握的否定的猜测，意思是：不可能做。4. youd better put on a heavy coatsometimes it be very cold here at nightashould bcan cwilldmust6. i ran all the way to school yesterday, otherwise i _ late for the annual talent show.a. was b. had been c. would be d. would have been8.is it good to look up every new word when i come across it in reading?no. you , because you are likely to guess the meaning from the context.adont have tobshouldntccant dmustnt【答案】a【解析】考查情态动词的用法。从答语的后半句可以看出，他认为没有必要把每一个生词的意思都查出来，因为可以通过上下文的语境来猜测他们的意思是，表示没有必要，用dont have to。9. churchill warned hitler, if you dare to invade britain, you _pay for it with great costawill. bshall cmay dshould11. the little girl is too thinshe _ gain some weight if she ate more, but she _ too little.awould; ate bwill; eats cwill; ate dwould; eats 12.could i watchiv for 10 minutes more, mum? oh, dear if you acan bmust cmay dsbouid【答案】b 【解析】考查情态动词的特殊用法。must 意为：偏偏，非要。句意为：-妈妈，我能在多看10分钟的电视吗？-哦，要是你非看不行的话（就看吧）。13. the c