高考英语 易错点点睛与高考突破 专题07 非谓语动词.docVIP

2013年高考英语易错点点睛与高考突破 专题07 非谓语动词【2013高考预测】1.非谓语动词的类别和句法功能2.非谓语动词的时态和语态3.非谓语动词的固定搭配非谓语动词逻辑主语的表达形式和否定形式4.非谓语动词是历年高考考查的重点和热点。然而从对近几年的高考题分析来看，命题者更趋向于对非谓语动词和谓语动词的选择的考查。一来可以考查到学生掌握非谓语动词的用法,同时也可以考查到句式结构，也就是运用语言的能力了。今后的试题中应该还是热点。请看典型例题典型例题题的考查情况。【难点突破】非谓语动词是历年高考考查的重点和热点。然而从对近几年的高考题分析来看，命题者更趋向于对非谓语动词和谓语动词的选择的考查。一来可以考查到学生掌握非谓语动词的用法，同时也可以考查到句式结构，也就是运用语言的能力了。今后的试题中应该还是热点。请看 典型例题典型例题题的考查情况。3 “ou cant catch me !”janet shouted, away.a. run b. running c. to run d. ran【解析】 结构为“祈使句+and+陈述句”。【答案】 a6.suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage the gift and took her away, _ into the woods.a. seizing. disappeared b. seized. disappeared c. seizing. disappearing d. seized. disappearing2 we do hope we can be of some help, doctor.thats great! _ blood if you can and many lives will be saved.a. give b. to give c. giving d. given答案: a解析:“祈使句+and+陈述句”结构。3 how many of us_ ,say, a meeting that is not important to us would be interested in the discussion.a. attended b. attending c. to attended d. have attended2.its necessary to be prepared for a job interview. the answers ready will be of great help.a.to have had b.having had c.have d.having3. the flowers sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.a.to smell b.smelling c.smelt d.to be smelt【错误解答】 a【易错点点睛】 从四个选项的设置来看，本题考查不定式和分词作定语的区别。分析题干可知，smell这里应当是连系动词，后接形容词作表语，所以不能用被动形式，可以排除c和d。主语出the flowers与非谓语动词之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，而且强调的是目前的状态，现在分词符合。5. laws that punish parents for their little childrens actions against the laws get parents .a.worried b.to worry c.worrying d.worry【特别提醒】非谓语动词句法功能的注意事项:不定式1.介词后的动词不定式只限于作介词except和but的宾语，此时exceptbut意为“除了，除去”。其主要搭配有:can but + 动词原形;只能、只得cannot help(choose)but + 动词原形:不能不do nothing but + 动词原形:只做there is nothing to do but + 动词原形: 只有做 have no choice but to do:只有做例如:3.不定式作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系。如果作定语的不定式使不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是其动作的地点、工具等，不定式后须有相应的介词。但名词way，place，way除外。例如: he is not a man to tell lies. ( 主谓关系 ) there will not be enough space to stand in on the earth. ( 动宾关系 ) here is some paper for you to write on.the boy has a nice pen to write with.we found a way to solve this problem (in).通常使用不定式作定语的情况有:(1)不定式表示将来；(2)用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no， all，any等限定词的中心词。(3)用来修饰一些抽象名词，常见的有:ability，disability，chance，idea， fact，excuse，promise，answer，reply，attempt，belief，way，reason，time等。例如: during my holidqy i borrowed some books to read.(表将来)she was the first woman to win the gold medal in the olympic games. (有序数词修饰)i have no chance to escape. (修饰抽象名词)do you have the ability to read french? (修饰抽象名词)the bridge to be built is named stone in honor of the hero. (将要修建的)the bridge being built is named stone in honor of the hero. (正大修建的)the bridge built is named stone in honor of the hero. (己经修建了的)have you read the novel written by dickens?he is a teacher loved anti respected by all students. (没有时间性)listen! the song being sung is very popular with the young men. (表正在)the question to be discussed at the sunday meeting is very important. (表将来)在英语中，表示“感觉状态”的动词现在分词和过去分词形式作表语和定语时，现在分词表示“令人感到”，指主语或被修饰的词给人的感觉；过去分词表示”感到”，指主语或被修饰的词本身的感觉。例如:interesting令人感兴趣的interested感到有兴趣的exciting令人感到激动的excited感到激动的shocking令人感到震惊的shocked感到震惊的2.动词leave后接三种形式作宾补时，表达的具体含义是“使处于某种状态”。例如:it is wrong for you to leave the machine running. (主动，正在进行)the guests left most of the dishes untouched. ( 被动，完成)my workmate left, leaving me to do all the rest work. (主动，将来)my workmate left, leaving all the rest work to be done. (被动，将来)过去分词和现在分词作状语的区别:1.一般来说，过去分词表示被动完成的动作，现在分词表示主动进行的动作。例如:seen from a distance, the mountain looked like a man.seeing the mountain, he always thinks of his hometown.2.现在分词的被动一般式表示正在进行的被动动作，过去分词表示被动完成的动作。例如:being helped by the teacher, she will learn english well.helped by the teacher, she has learned english well.3.现在分词的被动完成式表示先于谓语动词动作发生的动作，过去分词所表示的动作，有时发生在谓语动词之前，有时与谓语动词同时发生，有时表示未来的被动动作或状态。例如:having been used for a long time, the watch needs to be mended. used in this way，the word shouldnt be taken as a verb. given more time, we will finish the work perfectly.从例句可以看出，独立主格结构中分词的逻辑主语和句子的主语是两个不同的人或物，因此，分词前的名词或代词不能省略。独立主格结构也可以由“withwithout + 名词或代词 + 分词、不定式、形容词、副词或介词短语”构成。例如:the boy stared at the teacher, with his mouth opon.with his parents away, the boy became naughtier.the teacher came into the classroom,with a book in her hand ( = book in hand).she sat still, with her eyes closed. ( 被动,状态)she sat still, with her eyes looking at the ceiling. (主动,正在)with you to help me , i could do it better. (主动，将来)with a lot of problems settled , the mayor went to have a holiday. (被动，完成)with a lot of problems to be settled , the mayor has a hard time. (被动,将来)垂悬分词作状语垂悬分词是现在分词一种特殊用法，其逻辑主语是句子非主语部分中指人或物的某一名词或代词，或泛指“我们”。例如:searching along the street, it had taken him along time to find a clinic. ( searching 的逻辑主语是句中him 所指的人)walking or sleeping, this subject is always in my mind. (walking or sleeping 的逻辑主语是句中my所指的“我”)using the electric energy, it is necessary to change its form. ( using 的逻辑主语泛指“我们”)【变式探究】4 ill thank you _ my affairs alone.i will. it is none of my business.a. to have left b. for leaving c. to leave d. for having left答案: c解析:这里不是thank you for(doing)sth.结构，是谢谢的前提。易错点点睛 2 非谓语动词的时态和语态1.is bob still performing? im afraid not. he is said _ the stage already as he has become an official. a. to have left b. to leave c. to have been left d. to be left3. i send you 100 dollars today, the rest _ in a year.a. follows b. followed c. to follow d. being followed4. the news reporters hurried to the airport, only _ the film stars had left.a. to tell b. to be told c. telling d. told6. you were silly not _ your car.a. to lock b. to have locked c. locking d. having locked 1.动词不定式的时态和语态 当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，一般使用不定式的被动语态，形式有一般式和完成式(进行式没有被动式)。例如： her father disappeared，never to be heard from again(hear from和his father之间是被动关系) the book is sid to have been tramlated into many languages(translate和the book之间是被动关系) (4)在there be结构中，如果考虑必须有人去完成某事时，用主动；如果强调事情本身必须完成时，用被动。例如: there is a lot of to be done. (工作被作)there is a lot of to do. (需要人去做)2.动名词的时态和语态动名词一般式所表示的动作与谓语所表示的动作同时发生或是在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生。如果动名词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，则用动名词的完成式。如果动名词的逻辑这样是动名词动作的承受者，这时用动名词的被动式。例如:we are interested in playing chess. (同时)she is looking forward to hearing from you again. (之后)im sorry for not having kept my promise. (之前) the little boy was afraid of being left at home alone. (被动) the house showed no sign of having been damaged.(之前，被动)【变式探究】3 i regret you john has been fired.i can hardly believed my ears. he is such a fine workera. telling b. having told c. to tell d. to have told答案: c解析:在谓语动作之后发生。4 manager, do you have something _ at this moment?no, thanks. ill call you if any.a. to be typed b. to type c. typing d. typed答案: a解析:强调事情本身必须完成。易错点点睛 3 非谓语动词的固定搭配 1what should i do with this passage? _ to the main idea of each paragraph. a. finding out b. found out c. find out d. to find out3. my advisor encouraged _ a summer course to improve my writing skills.a. for me taking b. me taking c. for me to take d. me to take【正确解答】d【特别提醒】英语中非谓语动词的固定搭配是因词而定，没有固定的规律。考生只有牢记它们的形式，才能成功破题。1.下列动词或动词短语后面只接动名词作宾语: admit, allow, appreciate, avoid, consider (考虑) , delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss(错过), practice, risk, resist, suggest, suffer等动词;be used to(习惯于), insist on, cant help(情不自禁) , cant stand (无法忍受), give up, feel like, keep on, look forward to, put off, devote to,stick to, object to, thank you for, be busy (in) , get down to, lead to, see to, have difficult/trouble (in),have a good/wonderful/hard time (in)等动词组。 2.下列动词或动词短语后面能接动名词或不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别：forgetrememberregret to do忘记记住后悔去做某事forgetrememberregret doing忘记记得后悔已经做过某事stop to do停下来接着做另一件事stop doing停止做一件事mean to do意欲、企图做某事mean doing意味着做某事go on to do做完某事接着做另一件事go on doing继续做同一件事try to do努力、试图做某事try doing尝试着做某事 3.有些短语作状语是固定结构: judging from, generally/ frankly/ honestly/ strictly speaking, considering (that). (考虑到), supposing/ providing (that). (假如),seeing ( that ). (既然,由于) , to tell you the truth, to make things worse,to begin with (首先，第一)。例如:judging from his accent, he must be a southerner.tuning to the left, he saw a bus passing.considering everything, he did a good job.seeing (that) she is lawfully old enough to get married, i dont see how you can stop her.【变式探究】3 when he got off the bus, he found his pocketa. stolen b. picked c. gone d. missing答案: b解析:pickones pocket意为“扒某人口袋”，这里是have sth.done句型。4 i really appreciate _ to relax with you on this nice island.a. to have had time b. having time c. to have time d. to having time答案: b解析:appreciate接ing形式作宾语。易错点点睛 4 非谓语动词逻辑主语的表达形式和否定形式1.i really cant understand _ her like that.a. you treat b. you to treat c. why treat d. you treating3.victor apologized for _ to in form me of the change in the plan.a. his being not able b. him not to be able c. his not being able d. him to be not ableit is important for us to work hard. ( to work is important.只能用 for)it is kind of you to help me to clean the room. (you are kind. 只能用 of)we want to go with you to have a picnic.little tom liked to be taken to the cinema.i want the report to be typed as quickly as possible.the manager asked me to type the report as quickly as possible.toms coming surprised all of us. (主语)his not attending the meeting made the manager very angry. (主语)would you mind me/ my opening the window?(宾语)they ali thought toms/ tom going there a great mistake. (宾语)is there any hope of their team winning the game? (无生命)动名词的复合结构在句中作主语时，其逻辑主语必须是形容词性物主代词或名词的所有格；作宾语、表语时，其逻辑主语是形容词性物主代词、人称代词、名词的所有格或普通格；无生命名词或有生命的名词表示泛指时，必须用名词的普通格或人称代词的宾格。例如：toms coming surprised all of us (主语)his not attending the meeting made the manager very angry.(主语)would you mind me/my opening the window?(宾语)they all thought toms /tom going there a great mistake.(宾语)is there any hope of their team winning the game ?(无生命)i have never heard of women landing the moon.(有生命，但表泛指)分词作状语时，其逻辑主语和主句的主语是一致的，如果不同则要用到独立主格结构形式(见上文)。例如:being a student, you must study hard.when crossing the streets you must be careful.if heated to high temperature, ice can change into water.【变式探究】3 _ a replay, he decided to write again.a. not receiving b. receiving not c. not having received d. having not received【2013高考突破】 1.with the couple in a nearby town, the house seems pretty empty most of the time.aworkbto workcworkingdworked【答案】c 【解析】考查with复合结构。work 和其逻辑主语the couple是主谓关系，表示现在的状况，所以用现在分词表主动。句意为：这对夫妻在附近镇上上班，（他们的）房子大部分时间都是空荡荡的。2. john received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _, he gladly accepted it. a. finished b. finishing c. having finished d. was finished4. today we have chat rooms, text messaging, emailingbut we seem the art of communicating face to face.alosing bto be losing cto be lost dhaving lost 6. do you know how much time and effort they devoted _ such a completed project?a. to completeb. completedc. completingd. to completing7. _ yourself with positive people and you will keep focused on what you can do instead of what you cant.a. surrounding b. surroundedc. surround d. having surrounded9. not to drive after drinking, some drivers are still trying their luck, which is really dangerousabeing reminded bto remind chaving reminded dreminded 【答案】d 考查过去分词作状语的用法。【解析】remind 和其逻辑主语some drivers是动宾关系，也就是说，司机就是被提醒的。尽管被提醒不要酒后开车，一些司机仍然心存侥幸，十分危险。10 if you are the last student _ the room, remember to turn off the lights.a. leavingb. to leavec. leftd. leaves12.generally speaking, prices of daily goods _ through the internet are lower than store pricesato buybare boughtcbuying dbought14. it would be a good idea to use a plastic bottle, _cut off, as a container to grow young plants inawhichbwhose top cthe top of that dwith its top【答案】d【解析】考查非谓语动词。语意：确定所有门都锁好之后，mrsmith就去伦敦度假了。check这个动作发生在left之前， 故用现在分词的完成式在句中作状语15. id like _ the games with you but i had extra work to doato enjoy bto be enjoyed cto have enjoyed dto have been enjoyed17. what does the teacher suggest_ when we make a mistake？a. dob. to doc. doingd. did 19. children _to difficult situations are better at handling those _tasks aexposing；challenging bexposed；challenged cexposed：challenging dexposing；challenged【答案】c 【解析】 考查分词作定语的用法。exposeto意思是：让接触。宾语children提前，所以用过去分词作定语，表被动；第二空后的tasks是表示物的名词，所以用challenging，意思是：富有挑战的。22. most companies marketing effort is focused on getting customers, with little attention _ to keeping them. a. payingb. to payc. paidd. having paid23. noticed my little son _ the words _ on his small blackboardaread; writing breading; writing cto read; written dread; written【答案】d【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：我注意到我的小儿子读写在小黑板上的单词。notice sb. do sth.“看见某人做某事”；words和write是被动的关系，故用过去分词作定语，修饰words。故选d项。24. not having done enough practice, he could hardly make himself understood with his _ englisha break bbreaking cbroke dbroken26. _ about the student，the teacher called his parents to find out why he was so often absent from classaconcerning bconcern cconcerned dto concern28. though _ of danger, sightseers have been flocking to the site where the worlds biggest terrorist bin laden lived. a. warned b. warning c. being warned d. having warned30. the old