高考英语二轮复习 专题整合突破六 动词的时态和语态.doc

2013年高考第二轮复习英语全国版六、动词的时态和语态真题试做1（2012课标全国高考）“life is like walking in the snow，”granny used to say，“because every step _.”ahas shownbis showingcshows dshowed2（2012课标全国高考）i had been working on math for the whole afternoon and the numbers _ before my eyes.aswim bswumcswam dhad swum3（2012北京高考）by the time you have finished this book，your meal _ cold.agets bhas gotcwill get dis getting4（2012北京高考） have you heard about that fire in the market? yes，fortunately no one _.ahurt bwas hurtchas hurt dhad been hurt5（2012天津高考）the letters for the boss _ on his desk but he didnt read them until three days later.awere put bwas putcput dhas put考向分析从历年高考试题看，涉及时态和语态的题目最多，且每年题目数量相对稳定。测试重点主要是以下几个方面：1注重在语境中考查常见时态的区别，如一般过去时与现在完成时、一般现在时（过去时）与现在（过去）进行时的区别等。要求准确判断动作和时间的关系，正确理解时间概念，如是现在、过去还是将来，是时间段、时间点还是时间瞬间。2遵循“情景立意”和“能力立意”的原则，考查在状语从句等特定语言环境中时态的代替。要求吃透语境，摸清命题人的意图，善于捕捉句子中所隐含的时间信息，克服汉语式的惯性思维。3把语态与时态结合在一起，进行综合考查。各种常用时态的被动语态的构成，仍是高考命题的热点之一，而且题干中有效信息越来越隐蔽，试题难度呈现加大的趋势。要求明确谓语动词与主语的关系，分清是主动还是被动。4考查主动形式表示被动意义。对语境理解能力的要求逐步提高，且要重视有特殊用法的动词的运用。热点例析考点一：现在进行时和过去进行时的用法。1现在进行时表示现在正在发生的动作，也可表示长期或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行；过去进行时表示过去某时正在进行的动作或状态，也可表示一个长动作延续的时候，另一个短动作发生。如：we are waiting for you.when i got to the top of the mountain，the sun was shining.2进行时常与always/constantly/continually，frequently/forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有主观色彩。如：you are always changing your mind.3下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时。（1）表示心理状态、情感的动词：know，realize，think，see，believe，trust，suppose，imagine，guess，agree，recognize，remember，want，need，forget，prefer，mean，understand，like，love，hate，care，mind，wish等。（2）表示存在、状态的动词：have，own，appear，belong，possess，cost，owe，exist，lie，include，contain，matter，weigh，measure，continue，remain，seem等。（3）表示一时性动作的动词：accept，receive，complete，finish，give，allow，permit，decide，promise，admit，complete，refuse等。（4）表示感官的动词：see，hear，notice，feel，smell，sound，taste，look等。【典例分析】（2011辽宁高考）ill go to the library as soon as i finish what i _.awas doingbam doingchave done dhad been doing答案为b项。句意：一完成手头的工作我就去图书馆。根据主句和时间状语从句中的时态排除表示过去的a项和d项；根据句意排除表示完成的c项；正确答案为b项，表示正在进行。（2012四川高考）did you catch what i said?sorry.i _a text message just now.ahad answered bhave answeredcwould answer dwas answering答案为d项。由问句“你听到我说的话了吗”可知是过去的动作；答语意为“对不起。我刚才在回一条短信”。根据句意及时间状语just now可知，回短信的动作正好是发生在问话人说话的那一时间点，即表示过去某一时间点正在发生的动作，故用过去进行时。考点二：一般过去时和现在完成时的区别1当有表示具体过去时间的状语（包括when）时，主句用一般过去时。如：when i was a child，i often played football in the street.2当有表示一段时间的状语，如for和since表示时间时，主句用现在完成时，强调到现在为止所做的事情或过去所做之事对现在的影响。如：they have worked here since they left college.3延续性动词的一般过去时也可以与表示一段时间的状语连用，强调过去一段时间里曾做过某事。如：he learned english for three years.他曾经学过三年英语。（只是强调过去学过）he has learned english for three years.他学英语三年了。（到现在为止是3年，强调对现在的影响）4用already/yet/just/ever/never这些副词作状语时，常用现在完成时。如：have you finished your homework yet?5若单纯谈论过去的动作，用一般过去时；若谈论一件已发生的事情，不考虑它是什么时候发生的，而主要考虑对现在的影响时用现在完成时。如：i saw this film yesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了）i have seen this film.（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了）【典例分析】（2012江苏高考）the president hopes that the people will be better off when he quits than when he _.ahas started bstartscstarted dwill start答案为c项。根据句意判断“开始当总统”是过去的事情，所以应用一般过去时。（2012江西高考）look！somebody _ the sofa.well，it wasnt me.i didnt do it.ais cleaning bwas cleaningchas cleaned dhad cleaned答案为c项。根据“look！”一词可判断，此处强调现在的结果是“有人把沙发清理干净了”，所以用现在完成时。考点三：一般过去时和过去完成时的区别1一般过去时通常与具体的过去时间状语连用；即使没有时间状语，根据具体的语言环境，我们也可以作出明确的判断。2过去完成时是一种相对的时态，表示在过去某时刻之前发生。时间参照点与一般过去时不同，一般过去时是对现在说话时刻而言，过去完成时则是与过去某一时刻而言的，即“过去的过去”。 如：when the police arrived，the thieves had run away.【典例分析】（2012重庆高考） kevin，you look worried.anything wrong? well，i _ a test and im waiting for the result.awill take btookchad taken dtake答案为b项。由第二句中“im waiting for the result”可知，考试发生在过去，故用一般过去时。句意：凯文，你看起来很焦虑，有什么事吗？哦，我考了一次试，现在正在等结果。故选b项。（2012江苏高考）the manager is said to have arrived back from paris where he _ some european business partners.awould meet bis meetingcmeets dhad met答案为d项。分析句意可知，经理已从巴黎回来了，遇到一些欧洲的生意合作伙伴是回来之前的事情，所以应用过去完成时表示“过去之过去”。考点四：现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别1现在完成时侧重结果，强调动作到现在为止已经结束；现在完成进行时侧重动作本身，不涉及后果，动作可能仍在继续。如：i have read the book.（已读完）i have been reading the book.（仍在继续）2现在完成进行时往往表示动作在重复；现在完成时则常常不带重复性。如：have you been meeting her lately？（经常相见）have you met her lately？（不重复发生）3现在完成进行时比较生动，有时含有明显的感情色彩；而现在完成时往往只说明一个事实、一种影响或结果，平铺直叙，没有什么感情色彩可言。如：recently mary has been doing her homework regularly.（显然是在表扬玛丽）recently mary has done her homework regularly.（只说明一个事实）【典例分析】（2012浙江高考）alvin，are you coming with us?id love to，but something unexpected _.ahas come up bwas coming upchad come up dwould come up答案为a项。上文用现在进行时表示将来的动作“你会和我们一起来吗”，答语为“我很想（和你们一起去），但意外的事情发生了”。 显然应用现在完成时表示“已经发生”。（2012全国高考）the manager _ the workers how to improve the program since 9 am.ahas told bis tellingchas been telling dwill have told答案为c项。由句子的时间状语since 9 am可知本句应用现在完成时或现在完成进行时，可排除b、d两项；现在完成时侧重过去的动作对现在造成的影响和结果，而现在完成进行时则侧重做一件事情的过程，意为“一直在”。句意：自从上午9点，经理就一直告诉工人们如何改进这个项目。故选c项。考点五：时态的代替1在时间、条件和有些让步状语从句中不使用将来时，需表示将来时则用现在时代替。如：i dont know when he will come back，but when he comes back i will let you know.2有些动词的进行时可表示不久的将来，常见的有go/come/leave/start/arrive/return/work/sleep/stay/take off等。如：im leaving for jinan tomorrow morning.3某些动词的一般现在时也可表示按计划或时刻表要发生的事，常见的有begin/come/go/leave/arrive/start/stop/return/open/close/take off等。如：the train leaves at 10：12.【典例分析】（2012湖南高考）“the moment _ soon，”he thought to himself，waiting nervously.acame bhas comecwas coming dis coming答案为d项。根据时间状语soon判断应用将来时，表示 “来、去、动身、起程”之类的动词经常用进行时表示不久的将来，而且此处为直接引语，所以应选d项表示“这一时刻很快就要到了”。考点六：各种时态的被动语态被动语态的基本构成为“be过去分词”，各种时态的被动语态通过变化助动词be的形式来体现。如：a new free way from beijing to shanghai is being built now.the graduates from the university have been sent to work all over the country.the wounded was being operated by doctor wang this time yesterday.supper had not been cooked when i got there last time.professor wang will be asked to attend the meeting.they asked the mayor what would be done to control the water pollution.【典例分析】（2012湖南高考）dont worry.the hard work that you do now _ later in life.awill be repaid bwas being repaidchas been repaid dwas repaid答案为a项。句意：不要担心。你现在所做的努力在今后的生活中会有回报的。根据later in life可知，此处要用将来时，且主语the hard work与repay之间为被动关系，故a项正确。（2012四川高考）they are living with their parents for the moment because their own house_.ais being rebuilt bhas been rebuiltcis rebuilt dhas rebuilt答案为a项。房子和重建为被动关系，由“和父母住在一起”可知“房子正在重建”，所以应选现在进行时的被动语态。句意：目前他们和父母住在一起，因为他们自己的房子正在重建。故选a项。考点七：不用被动语态的情况只有及物动词或带宾语的动词短语才有被动语态。应注意下列情况不存在被动语态。1系动词become/turn/get/look/sound/smell/taste/feel等没有被动语态。如：my son has become a young fellow.this kind of cloth feels soft.2表示状态的及物动词have（有）/possess（拥有）/hold（容纳）/suit（适合）/fit（适合）/equal（等于）/contain（包含）/cost（花费）/last（持续）/mean（意味着）/belong to（属于）/consist of（由组成）等没有被动语态。如：they have a new color tv set.the big hall holds 5000 people.3happen，take place，occur to，break out，come about等表示“发生，爆发”的单词或短语没有被动语态。【典例分析】（2010重庆高考）the palace caught fire three times in the last century，and little of the original building _ now.aremains bis remainedcis remaining dhas been remained答案为a项。remain为不及物动词，意为“保留下来；保存下来”，可排除用被动语态的b、d项；remain为静态动词，不能用于进行时态，可排除c项。故选a项。（2012重庆高考）food supplies in the floodstricken area _.we must act immediately before theres none left.ahave run out bare running outchave been run out dare being run out答案为b项。run out意为“（被）用完，耗尽”，该短语没有被动语态，可排除c、d两项；由后句中的before theres none left可知，现在还有食物，并没有耗尽，故排除a项；run out的进行时可表示将来。句意：洪灾区的食物供给快要没有了，我们必须赶在食物耗尽之前行动起来。考点八：主动形式表示被动意义1动词act，build，burn，clean，cook，cut，drink，drive，dry，eat，fill，keep，lock，open，print，read，sell，shut，wash，wear，write等以物作主语，不表示动作而表示主语的品质、性状、特征时，需用主动形式表示被动意义。其肯定式一般需后接状语作进一步的说明，其否定式一般用wont，wouldnt，cant 等。如：this knife cuts well.这把刀好切。2动词want/need/require和worth以物作主语时，后面需用动名词的主动式表示被动意义。如：my watch needs repairing.the song is well worth listening to.3形容词easy，hard，difficult，important，interesting，pleasant，nice，comfortable，cheap，expensive，impossible，dangerous 等后接不定式作状语时，不定式可用主动形式表示被动含义。如：english is not easy to learn.the chair is very comfortable to sit on.4不定式作定语，若与句子的主语或宾语具有逻辑上的主谓关系时，可用主动形式表示被动含义。如：i have a lot of things to do.若与句子的主语或宾语没有主谓关系，还是用被动式为好。如：i have nothing to be taken there，thank you.【典例分析】the roast duck which mr.and mrs.white prepared _ well.asold bhad been soldcwas sold dwould sell答案为a项。该题中sell表示“卖得”，不能用被动语态，再根据prepared的时态判断答案为a项。误区警示1几种基本时态易混点（2011江苏高考）i hear you _ in a pub.whats it like?well，its very hard work and im always tired，but i dont mind.aare workingbwill workcwere working dwill be working【错混透析】a句意：我听说你在酒吧里上班，这份工作怎么样？咳，这是份辛苦活，我总感到累，不过我不介意。对话所用的现在时表明现在还在酒吧里上班，用现在进行时描述现阶段正在进行的一个动作。故选a项。【解题指导】对于考查基本时态的题目，试题的设置多以考生普遍感到困惑的几组时态来相互干扰。这就要求考生必须明确这些时态的基本用法以及它们之间的区别，然后结合语境，根据时间状语或题干中其他部分提供的时间信息作出最佳选择。2隐含时间的易错点（2012四川高考）goodbye，john.come back again sometime.sure._.ai did bi doci shall di will【错混透析】d第一句话是告别时的用语，并邀请对方抽时间再回来，该题虽然没有明确的时间状语，但显然回来的动作应该是将来才发生的，因此选用i will。该题易误选c项，虽然will和shall都可表示将来，但是will含有“愿意”的意味。【解题指导】平时人们交流时，并不是每一句话都带有时间状语，而高考试题为了增加难度，考查时态的题目更是常常不出现明确的时间，有效信息越来越隐蔽。解答这类题目时，要仔细体会上下文或具体的语境，确定动作发生的时间，从而确定用什么时态。3时态、语态综合考查的易错点（2012上海高考）is honesty the best policy? we _ that it is when we are little.awill teach bteachcare taught dwill be taught【错混透析】c句意：诚实为上策吗？我们小时候就是这样被人教的。根据后面的时间状语可判断主句要用一般现在时，同时主语we与谓语动词teach是被动关系，故要用一般现在时的被动语态。该题易忽视语态而误选b项。【解题指导】高考对于语态的考查，往往是设置语境，把时态和语态结合起来进行考查。首先应判断句子主语与谓语的逻辑关系，是主动还是被动；然后判断谓语发生的时间，最后作出选择。1（2012北京西城一模）did you happen to hear the recent news?yes，alice _ the gold medal in the speech contest，which i find hard to believe.awins bwonchad won dwill win2（2012南昌一模）has your son come back from abroad for the winter vacation?yes.but he stayed at home for only a week.now he _ back to college.awent bhas gonecwas going dwill go3i want to buy that kind of cloth because i _ the cloth _ well.ahave told；washesbwas told；washedchave been told；washesdhave been told；is washed4i was just going to cut my rose bushes but someone _ it.was it you?ahas done bhad donecwould do dwill do5（2012杭州重点中学模拟）i _ glasses since i was in primary school and i hate them.they make me look like a bookworm.ahave worn bhave been wearingchave been worn dwas wearing6why do you want to work for our company?this is the job that i _ for.alooked bam to lookchad looked dhave been looking7was peter there when you arrived?yes，but he_ soon afterwards.ahad left bleftcwill leave dleaves8the novel written by the author _ best，but five years ago no one could have imagined how great a role he _ in the literary world.aselling；was playing bsells；was to playcsold；had played dsells；is playing9（2012江苏南通通州区检测）henry，who hurried home before dark so he could go for a run，_ to wear his safety belta mistake 75% of the us population make every day.aforgets bhave forgotchad forgotten dwill forget10（2012东北三校联考）look! how long _ like this?three days! its common here that rain _ without stopping these days of the year.ahas it rained；is pouringbhas it been raining；pourscis it raining；is pouringddoes it rain；pours11does your dad quit smoking，jenny?yes，but he _ for almost ten years.asmoked bwas smokingcsmokes dhad smoked12（2012河北冀州中学一模）tom，can you answer my question?er，im very sorry，miss evens.i _ about something else.ahad thought bwas thinkingcwill think dhave thought13（2012河南开封一模）it was only after some progress _ in the use and development of electricity that men began to realize the importance and possibilities of magnetism.ahad been madebwould have been madechas been madedwas made14youve failed to do what you _ to and im afraid the teacher will blame you.awill expect bwill be expectedcexpected dwere expected15（2012吉林重点中学一模）thank goodness；you are here! what _ you?traffic jam.akeeps bis keepingchad kept dkept参考答案 六、动词的时态和语态命题调研明晰考向真题试做1c考查动词的时态。show意为“显示，显现”，此处祖母说的是一个客观事实，所以应用一般现在时。句意：祖母过去常说“人生就像在雪中行走一样，因为每一步都会留下痕迹”。2c考查动词的时态。前一个分句用了过去完成进行时，是相对于另一过去情况而言的，所以后一个分句应选一般过去时态。3c考查时态。句意：到你看完这本书的时候，你的饭也就凉了。时间状语从句为现在完成时代替将来完成时，故主句用一般将来时。4b考查时态和语态。句意：你听说市场上发生的大火了吗？听说了。幸运的是，没有人受伤。根据句意可知动作发生在过去且hu