湖北省南漳县高考英语阅读理解和单项选择选练（5）.doc

湖北省南漳县2016高考英语阅读理解和单项选择选练（5）阅读理解。阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的a,b,c或d四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 a german study suggests that people who were too optimistic about their future actually faced greater risk of disability or death within 10 years than those pessimists who expected their future to be worse. the paper, published this march in psychology and aging, examined health and welfare surveys from roughly 40,000 germans between ages 18 and 96.the surveys were conducted every year from 1993 to 2003.survey respondents (受访者) were asked to estimate their present and future life satisfaction on a scale of 0 to 10, among other questions.the researchers found that young adults (age 18 to 39) routinely overestimated their future life satisfaction, while middleaged adults (age 40 to 64) more accurately predicted how they would feel in the future.adults of 65 and older, however, were far more likely to underestimate their future life satisfaction.not only did they feel more satisfied than they thought they would, the older pessimists seemed to suffer a lower ratio (比率) of disability and death for the study period.“we observed that being too optimistic in predicting a better future than actually observed was associated with a greater risk of disability and a greater risk of death within the following decade，” wrote frieder rlang, a professor at the university of erlangennuremberg.lang and his colleagues believed that people who were pessimistic about their future may be more careful about their actions than people who expected a rosy future.“seeing a dark future may encourage positive evaluations of the actual self and may contribute to taking improved precautions(预防措施)，”the authors wrote.surprisingly, compared with those in poor health or who had low incomes, respondents who enjoyed good health or income were associated with expecting a greater decline.also, the researchers said that higher income was related to a greater risk of disability.the authors of the study noted that there were limitations to their conclusions.illness, medical treatment and personal loss could also have driven health outcomes.however, the researchers said a pattern was clear.“we found that from early to late adulthood, individuals adapt their expectations of future life satisfaction from optimistic, to accurate, to pessimistic，” the authors concluded.1according to the study, who made the most accurate prediction of their future life satisfaction?aoptimistic adults. bmiddleaged adults.cadults in poor health. dadults of lower income.解析细节理解题。由文章第四段第一句话“the researchers found that young adults (age 18 to 39) routinely overestimated their future life satisfaction, while middleaged adults (age 40 to 64) more accurately predicted how they would feel in the future.”可知中年人可以更加精确地预测他们的未来。故选b项。答案b.2pessimism may be positive in some way because it causes people_.ato fully enjoy their present lifebto estimate their contribution accuratelycto take measures against potential risksdto value health more highly than wealth解析细节理解题。由第六、七段中的关键信息“.people who were pessimistic about their future may be more careful about their actions.”及“.contribute to taking improved precautions(预防措施).”可知对未来持悲观态度的人会对他们的行动更加小心并且采取一些预防措施，故选c项。答案c.3how do people of higher income see their future?athey will earn less money.bthey will become pessimistic.cthey will suffer mental illness.dthey will have less time to enjoy life.解析细节理解题。由第八段第一句话“surprisingly, compared with those in poor health or who had low incomes, respondents who enjoyed good health or income were associated with expecting a greater decline.”可知工资高的人会预料他们未来工资的下降，故选a项。答案a.。4what is the clear conclusion of the study?apessimism guarantees chances of survival.bgood financial condition leads to good health.cmedical treatment determines health outcomes.dexpectations of future life satisfaction decline with age.解析推理判断题。由最后一段的最后一句话“we found that from early to late adulthood, individuals adapt their expectations of future life satisfaction from optimistic, to accurate, to pessimistic，the authors concluded.”可知对未来生活满意度的预测随年龄的增长而下降。答案d.。阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的a,b,c或d四个选项中，选出最佳选项。a recent study of ancient and modern elephants has come up with the unexpected conclusion that the african elephant is divided into two distinct (不同的) species. the discovery was made by researchers at york and harvard universities when they were examining the genetic relationship between the ancient woolly mammoth and mastodon to modern elephantsthe asian elephant, african forest elephant, and african savanna elephant. once they obtained dna sequences (序列) from two fossils (化石), mammoths and mastodons, the team compared them with dna from modern elephants. they found to their amazement that modern forest and savanna elephants are as distinct from each other as asian elephants and mammoths. the scientists used detailed genetic analysis to prove that the african savanna elephant and the african forest elephant have been distinct species for several million years. the divergence of the two species took place around the time of the divergence of asian elephants and woolly mammoths. this result amazed all the scientists. there has long been debate in the scientific community that the two might be separate species, but this is the most convincing scientific evidence so far that they are indeed different species. previously, many naturalists believed that african savanna elephants and african forest elephants were two populations of the same species, despite the elephants significant size differences. the savanna elephant has an average shoulder height of 3. 5 metres while the forest elephant has an average shoulder height of 2. 5 metres. the savanna elephant weighs between six and seven tons, roughly double the weight of the forest elephant. but the fact that they look so different does not necessarily mean they are different species. however the proof lay in the analysis of the dna. alfred roca, assistant professor in the department of animal sciences at the university of illinois, said, “we now have to treat the forest and savanna elephants as two different units for conservation purposes. since 1950, all african elephants have been conserved as one species. now that we know the forest and savanna elephants are two very distinctive animals, the forest elephant should become a bigger priority (优先) for conservation purposes.”1. one of the fossils studied by the researchers is that of.a. the asian elephantb. the forest elephantc. the savanna elephantd. the mastodon elephant2. the underlined word “divergence” in paragraph 4 means “.aa. evolutionb. exhibitionc. separationd. examination3. the researchers conclusion was based on a study of the african elephants.a. dnab. heightc. weightd. population4. what are alfred rocas words mainly about? a. the conservation of african elephants.b. the purpose of studying african elephants.c. the way to divide african elephants into two units.d. the reason for the distinction of african elephants.5. which of the following can be the best title for the passage? a. naturalists beliefs about elephantsb. amazing experiments about elephantsc. an unexpected finding about elephantsd. a long scientific debate about elephants参考答案1-5 dcaac阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（a、b、c和d)中，选出最佳选项。 all parents know that one of their most important tasks is to prepare their children for an independent life, but any parent can tell you that its hard to let go of your children. that balance between keeping your children safe and allowing them to learn from their own mistakes can be heartbreaking. years of experience means that parents often do know best, but on the other hand, the young, being less bound by tradition, are often more creative, more able to find new solutions to old problems. revolutions are led by the young. good teachers make the growth of critical (批判性的) thinking easier in their students, only to find that this can lead to a questioning of the teachers basic beliefs. schools encourage parents to become involved, but are often embarrassed when parents have reservations about some of the educational methods being used. governments encourage unimportant groups to empower themselves in order to participate fully in the development process. and they are often surprised when the new leaders of these groups turn around and attack the policies of that same government. the rebellions (叛逆的)young and the newly unimportant groups are important in social development. they are not necessarily representatives of those they want to represent or not realistic in their demands, but their voices must be heard.good parents know that just forbidding particular behaviors does not prevent their children from finding ways to engage in these forbidden activities. indeed, sometimes the forbidden fruit is more inviting, just because it is not accepted by authority. parents must work with their children to educate them on the facts, know as much as possible about he lives of their children, provide a good example, encourage more wholesome activities but also support their children when they dont follow what is expected of them. but the most important point is that they also need to learn how to let go.文章大意：这是一篇议论文。培养孩子是每个家长的职责，过度的关爱和限制不利于下一代成长，因此家长要学会放手。41by saying “revolutions are led by the young”, the author indicates that young people are more .aconventionalbrealisticccreativedheartbreaking【答案】c【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中the young, being less bound by tradition, are often more creative, more able to find new solutions to old problems意义可知正确答案为c。42from the second paragraph we know .ateachers basic beliefs should be questioned by studentsbschools encourage parents to question their education methodscmovement is satisfied with the new leaders attack on the policiesdthe voice of the rebellious young should be heard by the government【答案】d【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句they are not necessarily representatives . but their voices must be heard可推断出政府应该听听叛逆的年轻人的声音。43in nrder to educate children well, parents should .aforbid particular behaviors in their daily lifebknow them well and set a good example to themceducate them with facts and expect much of themdknow as much as possible as their children【答案】b【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段内容parents must work with their children. know as much as possible about ., provide a good example可知正确答案为b。44from the passage we can learn that the author prefers .afree parentingbtraditional parentingccritical parentingdsmart parenting【答案】d【解析】推理判断题。理解文章主旨可知作者提倡睿智的教养孩子。故选d。45what is the best title of the passage?aletting go for childrens independent lifebparents tasks in childrens developmentcway of growth for the young groupsdteaching methods for teachers and schools【答案】a【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一句.that its hard to let go of your children.和最后一句but the most important point is that they also need to learn how to let go可知a答案吻合。故选a。2015高考英语（附解析答案）.单项填空1the boys new bike was_envy of his friends.aa bthe c/ dan解析 考查冠词。本句中envy为of his friends所限制，表特指。答案 b2how i_him the pleasure he had during the vacation!aenvy badmire cappreciate denjoy解析 句意：我多么忌妒他在假期间的快乐。admire“羡慕”后接for；appreciate欣赏；enjoy喜欢。答案 a3i was about to_the phone when it was_.areply；rung off breceive；rung upcanswer；rung off danswer；rung up解析 answer the telephone“接电话”；ring off“挂断电话”。句意：我正要接电话，这时电话挂断了。答案 c4we feel sympathy_the deaths in the earthquake.ain bfor cwith don解析 feel sympathy for“对某人深感同情”。答案 b5out of_for the homeless children，he gave them shelter for the night.apity bshame csympathy dmercy解析 考查sympathy的用法。句意：出于对无家可归的孩子们的同情，他给他们提供了住处。out of sympathy for是固定短语，意为“出于对的同情”，符合句意。pity“怜悯；惋惜”；shame“可惜；羞愧”；mercy“仁慈”；三者皆不合句意。答案 c6many couples_to adopt the baby which survived the earthquake.aare desiring bhave been desiringchave desired ddesire解析 考查时态。desire“想要，渴望”，不用进行时，分析句子可知，此处不表示动作的先后，所以选项d合适。答案 d7try to _ at least an hour each day for learning new vocabulary.aset off bset outcset aside dset down解析 句意：争取每天至少抽出1小时时间学习新词汇。set aside为某种目的留出、拨出(金钱、时间)等，符合句意。答案 c8tomorrow the mayor is to_a group of canadian businessmen on a tour of the city.acoordinate baccompanyccooperate dassociate解析 从“a tour of the city”，“the mayor”和“canadian businessmen”可确定答案为accompany陪伴，陪同。coordinat