高考英语 核心考点曝光 高考压轴题.doc

2013高考英语 核心考点曝光 高考压轴题开场白：1、 问好同学们大家好！欢迎来到我的讲座2、 讲明所讲内容我今天要给大家讲的是：2013年高考英语题型变化分析及压轴题解读。我们将一起分析近年来英语高考题型的变化特点并选讲部分典型例题和压轴题。希望我的讲座能为同学们实现梦想助一臂之力。3、 引入正文首先，我想说明的是：虽然现在很多省区都自主出题，但因为所有省区的试卷都依照教育部颁发的英语课程标准制定自己的考试大纲，所以虽然各地试题的题型可能有不同，但是他们考查的基础知识点和能力方向都是一致的。他们相互影响，共同发展。因此研究各省市试题的共性和异同有助于我们把握高考的发展趋势，科学备战高考。题型解读和解题思路点拨：输入能力检测性试题输出能力检测性试题输入 听力（任务型听力，实质就是听写 北京、湖南、重庆） 阅读 （任务型阅读：信息匹配 广东；信息还原 北京，全国卷，辽宁卷、陕西； 信息提取填空：江苏、安徽、阅读回答问题：湖南、江西、山东、天津上海 短文填词：福建；阅读对话填空：四川、陕西；选择段落标题：浙江、上海）基础知识运用 单选辩音（语音知识）（陕西） 单项选择 （语法知识） 完形填空输出 短文改错（全国新课标卷（句）、全国卷、四川、重庆（行）、辽宁卷、（句）、陕西（句）、）完成句子翻译：湖北、陕西书面表达（写图、提纲作文）阅读表达（广东）一、 听力试题无听力考区：浙江、天津、陕西、四川、广东1、 基本题型和变化特点基本题型：选择题+信息填空（北京、重庆、湖南）短对话+长对话或独白基本能力考查点不变1）听力考查五项微技能：（1）理解归纳话语的主旨要义； （2）获取事实性信息；（3）根据所获取的信息进行简单推断；（4）理解说话者的意图、观点和态度；（5）记录或加工所获取的信息（新增题型）发展点：根据要求，记录或加工所获取的信息”。（2012 重庆）1.how old is the girl?（获取事实性信息）（2012 重庆）2 . where does the conversation most probably take place ?（根据所获取的信息进行简单推断）（2012 重庆）16.what kind of food might the woman have tonight? （根据所获取的信息进行简单推断）（2012 重庆）6. which tv program does the women like best ?( 理解说话者的意图、观点和态度) （2012 重庆）8. what is the conversation mainly about ?( 理解归纳话语的主旨要义)timetable of a radio stationtimeprogramradio four7:30_18_radio three7:30concertradio two8:00_19_ matchradio one10:00newsradio one_20_travel（5）记录或加工所获取的信息（新增题型）压轴题的特点（压轴题就是一张试卷里面比较难的题目压轴题出题的目的就是区分优等生和一般生 达到选拔人才的目的。）1） 难度大：加大归纳信息，推断说话者的意图、观点和态度的比例和难度。2）加大提问和输入信息的复杂程度，从而达到考查考生用英语思维的能力。3）听力文本中增加8级词汇的比例。2010北京听力5. what is the woman doing?a. offering help.b. asking for information.c. making an introduction.m: good morning, may i help you? w: id like to rent a car, please. m: okay. full size, mid-size or small size, madam? w: small size, please. whats the rate? m: 78 dollars a day. 13. what rule should you follow if you want to enter the sports complex?a. wear appropriate shoes.b. register on the notice board.c. make an appointment with a coach.14. how much is the buffet? a. 4. b. 8. c. 10.15. what is the purpose of the announcement?a. to introduce a playing field.b. to introduce a holiday camp.c. to introduce a fruit market.text 9m: welcome to sherwood holiday village. we hope you will enjoy your holiday with us. the sports complex is open from 6 a.m. to 9 p.m., and is available for tennis, badminton and bowling. you can hire equipment for just four pounds. coaching is available at ten pounds per hour, but you must book in advance. if you enjoy competition, there will be a variety of games throughout the week. please write your name on the notice board if you are interested. and if you need something to drink after a game, you can purchase fruit juice, mineral water and other drinks from the bar. just to remind you that appropriate shoes must be worn in the sports complex. next to the sports complex is a swimming pool. if you want to look your best in the pool, our sports shop has a wide range of designer swim wear. for good meals, you can go to the sherwood restaurant. if youd like to try the buffet, you can have a good meal for just eight pounds. if you prefer to eat in, you can purchase food from the mini-market. the bread, fresh fruit and vegetables are delivered to the mini-market daily. for all inquiries, please come to the reception desk and well be glad to assist.。第三节(共5小题；每小题l.5分，共7.5分) 听下面一段对话，完成第l6至第20五道小题，每小题仅填写一个词。听对话前，你将有20秒钟的时间阅读试题，听完后你将有60秒钟的作答时间。这段对话你将听两遍。customer complaint form(客户投诉表) customer thompson electronics problem a 16 delivery：l printers ordered：25 hw l7 l printers delivered：25 hw56 cause a computer l8 problem solution(解决方案)l post the correct order l9 deliveryl put a $300 20 on the customers account第三节text 10w: hello, home & office supplies. can i help you?m: yes, its thomas electronics here. we have an account with you.w: oh, yes. how can i help?m: we just have some printers delivered, but they are the wrong ones.w: oh, dear. i do apologize for the mistake.m: i dont know how you could have got it wrong. we order from you all the time.w: i know. but unfortunately, weve been having a problem with our computer system.m: well, how can we sort this out?w: could you bear with me a moment please? ah, yes, i have the order here. you want 25 hw3c56 printers. is that correct?m: yes, thats right. but you sent us 25 hw56 instead.w: i see. ill sort it out right away and well post the order special delivery.m: thanks.w: ill put a 300-dollar-credit on your account to make up the inconvenience as well. is that all right?m: oh, thats very nice. thanks.听力压轴题答题技巧先看后听，心中有数。整体把握，胸有全局。集中精力，重点注意。利用语境，理解语用。运用常识，合理选题。看提问，画出关键词，明确做事的人，预测听力内容。（2012全国）8. what did the man think of the meal?a. just so-so. b. quite satisfactory. c. a bit disappointing.（2012全国）13. what would joe probably do during the thanksgiving holiday?a. go to a play.b. stay at home.c. visit kingston.任务型听力听写多与语音知识相关，常犯错误就是误听，其原因在于同学们缺乏语音技能的综合训练。比较重要的语音技能是：区分相同或相似的元音和辅音音素；熟悉词与词之间的连读；单词和句子之间的弱读；句子重音；不完全爆破；语音同化等。平时，同学们需要注意一些重点知识和技能的训练，如：（1）学会利用语境来判断词和句的意义，尤其是利用语境学会对同音异义词的理解，而不是孤立的背诵单词；（2）能熟练地拼写大纲所列单词和短语；熟知英语词汇的分类、构词规则，以及了解和掌握习语、短语，加强对意群的记忆与理解；（3）掌握句法与语义知识，包括对句子结构，句型转换规则，语义特征如歧义、反义等知识的了解。临考时，根据题目展开联想，推测话题内容，同时仔细理解第一句。借助语法和句法知识判断一些典型易犯错误，如单复数一致性、时态匹配、大小写、介词搭配、词语用法、前后语境内容的通顺等问题。二、 阅读64. we can learn from the passage that people under pressure tend to _.a. keep rewards better in their memoryb. recall consequences more effortlesslyc. make risky decisions more frequentlyd. learn a subject more effectivelyc. decision-making under stressa new review based on a research shows that acute stress affects the way the brain considers the advantages and disadvantages, causing it to focus on pleasure and ignore the possible negative (负面的) consequences of a decision.the research suggests that stress may change the way people make choices in predictable ways.“stress affects how people learn,” says professor mara mather. “people learn better about positive than negative outcomes under stress.”for example, two recent studies looked at how people learned to connect images(影像) with either rewards or punishments. in one experiment, some of the participants were first stressed by having to give a speech and do difficult math problems in front of an audience; in the other, some were stressed by having to keep their hands in ice water. in both cases, the stressed participants remembered the rewarded material more accurately and the punished material less accurately than those who hadnt gone through the stress.this phenomenon is likely not surprising to anyone who has tried to resist eating cookies or smoking a cigarette while under stress at those moments, only the pleasure associated with such activities comes to mind. but the findings further suggest that stress may bring about a double effect. not only are rewarding experiences remembered better, but negative consequences are also less easily recalled.the research also found that stress appears to affect decision-making differently in men and women. while both men and women tend to focus on rewards and less on consequences under stress, their responses to risk turn out to be different.men who had been stressed by the cold-water task tended to take more risks in the experiment while women responded in the opposite way. in stressful situations in which risk-taking can pay off big, men may tend to do better, when caution weighs more, however, women will win.this tendency to slow down and become more cautious when decisions are risky might also help explain why women are less likely to become addicted than men: they may more often avoid making the risky choices that eventually harden into addiction.第四步 比较选项，慎重选择。（词句理解） wilderness“in wilderness(荒野) is the preservation of the world.” this is a famous saying from a writer regarded as one of the fathers of environmentalism. the frequency with which it is borrowed mirrors a heated debate on environmental protection: whether to place wilderness at the heart of what is to be preserved. as john sauven of greenpeace uk points out, there is a strong appeal in images of the wild, the untouched; more than anything else, they speak of the nature that many people value most dearly. the urge to leave the subject of such images untouched is strong, and the danger exploitation(开发) brings to such landscapes(景观) is real. some of these wildernesses also perform functions that humans needthe rainforests, for example, store carbon in vast quantities. to mr.sauven, these ”ecosystem services” far outweigh the gains from exploitation.lee lane, a visiting fellow at the hudson institute, takes the opposing view. he acknowledges that wildernesses do provide useful services, such as water conservation. but that is not, he argues, a reason to avoid all human presence, or indeed commercial and industrial exploitation. there are ever more people on the earth, and they reasonably and rightfully want to have better lives, rather than merely struggle for survival. while the ways of using resources have improved, there is still a growing need for raw materials, and some wildernesses contain them in abundance. if they can be tapped without reducing the services those wildernesses provide, the argument goes, there is no further reason not to do so. being untouched is not, in itself, a characteristic worth valuing above all others.i look forwards to seeing these views taken further, and to their being challenged by the other participants. one challenge that suggests itself to me is that both cases need to take on the question of spiritual value a little more directly. and there is a practical question as to whether wildernesses can be exploited without harm.this is a topic that calls for not only free expression of feelings, but also the guidance of reason. what position wilderness should enjoy in the preservation of the world obviously deserves much more serious thinking.67. john sauven holds that_. a. many people value nature too much b. exploitation of wildernesses is harmful c. wildernesses provide humans with necessities d. the urge to develop the ecosystem services is strongpublic speaking and critical thinkingwhat is critical thinking? to a certain degree, its a matter of logic(逻辑)of being able to spot weaknesses in other peoples arguments and to avoid them in your own. it also includes related skills such as distinguishing fact from opinion and assessing the soundness of evidence.in the broad sense, critical thinking is focused, organized thinkingthe ability to see clearly the relationships among ideas. 71 the greatest thinkers, scientists, and inventors have often taken information that was readily available put it together differently to produce new ideas. that, too, is critical thinking. 72 as the class goes on, for example, you will probably spend a good deal of time organizing your speeches. while this may seem like a purely mechanical(机械的) exercise, it is closely connected with critical thinking. if the structure of your speech is loose and confused, chances are that your thinking is also disordered and confused. if, on the other hand, the structure is clear, there is a good chance your thinking is too. organizing a speech is not just a matter of arranging the ideas you already have. 73 what is true of organization is true of many aspects of public speaking. 74 as you work on expressing your ideas in clear, accurate language, you will improve your ability to think clearly and accurately. 75 as you learn to listen critically to speeches in class, you will be better able to assess the ideas of speakers in a variety of situations.if you take full advantage of your speech class, you will be able to develop your skills as a critical thinker in many circumstances. this is one reason public speaking has been regarded as a vital part of education since the days of ancient greece.a. rather, it is an important part of shaping the ideas themselves.b. this may seem like a lot of time, but the rewards are well worth it.c. it may also help you to know that there is no such thing as a perfect speech.d. it has often been said that there are few new ideas in the world, only reorganized ideas.e. if you are wondering what this has to do with your public speaking class, the answer is quite a lot.f. the skills you learn in your speech class can help you become a more effective thinker in a number of ways.g. as you study the role of evidence and reasoning in speechmaking, you will see how they can be used in other forms of communication as well.三、单项填空 （广东、湖北不考）单项填空主要考查考生对语言知识的掌握情况。出题的依据是：尽可能全面覆盖各省基于英语课程标准所制定出来的英语考试大纲中所要求掌握的重点语法项目。出题的原则是：在真实语境中考查语法知识，突出考查考生在交际中灵活运用基础知识的能力。考查的重点是：时态语态、非谓、从句、情景交际 为每年必考重点。2011年的高考英语安徽卷单项填空的考点及题号分布详见下表：代词连词介词动词及动词短语副词时态语态非谓语定语从句名词性从句情景交际22242521、343126、27、3230283323、29、352012年高考英语安徽卷单项填空的考点及题号分布详见下表：冠词连词介词动词短语形容词时态语态非谓语定语从句名词性从句虚拟情景交际213425283126、33、3524、3029273122、322012高考英语北京卷单项填空的考点及题号分布详见下表：代词句子种类介词时态语态非谓语定语从句状语从句宾语从句虚拟28313422、25、29、3023、27、3226212433、35试题特点：考察主干的常规的基础知识。（不偏不怪；不单纯靠记忆而看语境）（2012浙江）2. the development of industry has been _ gradual process throughout _human existence from stone tools to modern technology. a. / ; the b. the ; a c. a ; / d. a; a （2012安徽）21. carl is studying food science at college and hopes to open up meat processing factory of his own one day. a. / ； a b. / ；the c. the ; a d. the ; the （2012全国新课标）22. sarah looked at finished painting with satisfaction.a.不填; a b. a; thec. the;不填d. the; a（2012四川）18. we are said to be living in _ information age, _ time of new discoveries and great changes.a. an; the b. 不填; the c. 不填; a d. the; a 四、完形解题思路点拨正确的阅读方法1）带空语篇阅读 借助想象力从整体上理解句子或段落的意思。注意阅读首句和尾段。这是正确选择答案的关键。 2）选词填空 设想自己是作者，挑选适当的词完成语篇。先完成考虑句子层面逻辑就可以确定的答案。 3）再读全文 检查语篇逻辑是否通顺。略读全文 注意文章整体脉络和文化特点。inspiration“mama, when i grow up, im going to be one of those!” i said this after seeing the capital dancing company perform when i was three. it was the first time that my _36_ took on a vivid form and acted as something important to start my training. as i grew older and was _37_ to more, my interests in the world of dance _38_ varied but that little girls dream of someday becoming a _39_ in the company never left me. in the summer of 2005 when i was 18, i received the phone call which made that dream a _40_; i became a member of the company _41_ back to 1925.as i look back on that day now, it su