高考英语二轮 单项选择+表语、宾语考察的热点专练（3）.doc

2013高考英语：二轮单项选择+表语、宾语考察的热点专练03（答案、解析）41. the workmen made so much _ that mrs. walker had to spend three days cleaning up afterwards. a. trouble b. damage c. mess d. nuisance答案 c. mess.注释 make mess弄得乱七八糟。make a mess of“把.弄得乱七八糟”：he made a mess of his work. (他把他的工作搞得乱七八糟。42. they have held several meetings to _ next years production plans. a. set down b. make out c. work up d. draw up 答案 d. draw up.注释 参阅iii,42。本题译文： 他们已开过几次会议来起草明年得生产计划。43. how can we get this language point _ to the students. a. down b. round c. across d. into答案 c. across.注释 参阅iii,64注释。本题译文：我们怎样才能把这个语言点向学生讲清楚？44. this book gives a brief _ of the history of the castle and details of the art collection in the main hall. a. outline b. reference c. article d. outlook答案 a. outline.注释 outline 轮廓, 概要; give an outline of sth. 概要说明某事。45. dress warmly, _ youll catch cold. a.on the contrary b.or rather c. or else d. in no way答案 c. or else.注释 or else (=otherwise; if not) 否则：hurry up, or (else) youll be late.46. kates ambition to become a nurse _ from a desire to help others. a. prompted b. promoted c. programmed d. proceeded答案 d. proceeded.注释 proceed form (=arise form) 来自; 由.产生：1) clouds of smoke proceeded form the chimney. (从烟囱里升起缕缕浓烟。) 2) this proceeded from ignorance. (这是出于无知。) 注意 proceed 的其他用法： (=go on to do sth.; continue) 接着 (做某事) ; 继续进行; 1) he proceeded to give me a vivid description of the mountainous scenery there. (他接着给我栩栩如生地描述那里的山区景色。) 2) 接介词with; now please proceed with your story. (现在请你接着将下去。) 3) 接介词to: we will now proceed to the next business. (我们现在将接着干下面的一件事。) 4) 准备取得 (某种学位) ：he will proceed to the degree of m.a. this year. (他准备今年取得文科硕士学位。) 本题译文：凯特想当护士的志向出自于帮助他人的愿望。47. the island where these rare birds nest has been declared a _. a.observation b.reservation c. preservation d.conservation答案 d. conservation.注释 conservation 保存(自然资源等) the conservation of soil and water 水土保持; the law of conservation of energy 能量守恒定律。observation观察; reservation (旅馆房间、戏院座位等的) 预定; 保留 (意见) ; 美保留地：1) have you make your reservations? (你预定了没有？) 2) i will accept the suggestion without reservation. (我将毫无保留地接受这项建议。) 3) the government has set apart indian reservations. (政府已经划出印地安人保留地。) preservation保存 we must strive for the preservation of our natural resources. (我们必须努力保护自然资源)conservation, preservation, reservation从汉语概念出发时很容易混淆。conservation是动词conserve派生的名词, 与原来动词的意义相同, 表示保持、保存”时, 强调“珍惜、节用。 preservation是动词preserve派生的名词, 强调“收藏、保存”使之完好无损或质量不变; 常与食品、博物馆收藏的展品等词搭配。reservation主要指意见、看法等的“保留”; 作“保留地”解时, 尤指美国印地安人保留地或澳大利亚土著民族保留地。本题指自然生态的保持, 用conservation最切题。本题译文：这个珍禽巢居的岛已宣布为自然保护区。48. although john was the eldest in the family, he always let his sister _ charge of the house. a. take b. hold c. make d. get答案 a. take.注释 take charge of (=to be or become responsible for sb. or sth.) 负责、掌管、看管; he took charge of the department (or the children)49. the child enjoyed _ up the wooden bricks then knocking them down. a. adding b. pushing c. piling d. forming答案 c. piling.注释 pile up (=lay in a pile or as if in a pile) 把.放成一堆, 堆积：pile up the books on the table (把书堆在桌子上) 。pile up作不及物动词用, 意为“积压; (若干汽车) 相撞”：1) perishable goods are piling up at the docks. (码头上易腐烂的货物堆积如山。) 2) several cars piled up after ignoring the fog warning on the motorway. (由于无视高速公路上的大雾警告, 有好几辆汽车相撞。)50. john was very upset because he was _ by the police with breaking the law. a. accused b. arrested c. sentenced d.charged答案 d. charged.注释 be charged with受指控犯有.; he was charged with murder. (他受指控犯有凶杀罪。u51.it isnt quite _ that he will be present at the meeting. a. sure b. right c. exact d. certain答案 d. certain.注释 i am sure that +从句。he is sure to come. = he is certain to come.但在it作形式主语, that引导主语从句时, 主句中表语只能用certain, 不能用sure.52. many new _ will be opened up in the future for those with a university education. a. opportunities b.realities c.necessities d. probabilities答案 a. opportunities.注释 opportunity常指“ (难得的应抓住的) 机会”, 既可作可数名词, 也可以作不可数名词用, 如：i had few opportunities of meeting interesting people there. they had not much opportunity for hearing good music in the remote area.53. the members of the club wouldnt run a _ _ in entrusting（委托） the organization to an unreliable person. a. danger b. risk c. hazard d. chance答案 b. risk.注释 run a risk (in) 冒险：you are running a big risk in trusting him.本题译文：俱乐部成员不愿冒险把这个组织委托给一个不可靠的人管理。54. the meeting was _ when the chairman fell ill. a.put down b.shut out c.cut short d.taken off答案 c. cut short.注释 cut short (=interrupt) 打断, 中断：1) he made a suggestion, but i cut him short. (他提了个建议, 但我打断了他。) 2) he cut short his tour and returned home. (他中断旅行, 回家了。) shut off (=cut off, interrupt) 切断, 中断; 由指切断供应等, 如：the water was shut off for several hours while the plumber repaired the pipes. shut out (=keep out; exclude; prevent form entering) 把.关在外面, 排除, 不让入内：1) he shut the cat out. (他把猫关在外面。) 2) the law was designed to shut out immigrants. (这项法律旨在拒绝移民入竟。) 3) they shut out the dust by having double windows. (他们用双层窗户防尘。) 4) they begin to speak french, shutting out the boy from their conversation. (他们讲起法语来, 使这个男孩无法参加他们的谈话。)55. john says that his present job does not pro vide him with enough _ for his organizing ability. a. scope b. space c. capacity d. range答案 a. scope.注释 本题中scope (=opportunity; outlet) 施展机会, 发展余地, 是不可数名词, 如：give someone scope to show his ability. range意指“变动范围; 视听范围; 理解范围”, 如：the range of prices (价格变动范围).56. i just managed to _ a quick breath before i was sucked under the water by the passing boat. a. snatch b. scratch c. scrape d. scan答案 a. snatch.注释 snatch的原义是“攫取; 抓住; 夺得”。本题中snatch意指“匆忙间设法得到”, 如：he snatched an hour of sleep. (他匆匆睡了一小时觉。) snatch a quick breath (匆忙猛吸了一口气)。57. my brother likes eating very much but he isnt very _ about the food he eats.a. special b. peculiar c. particular d. unusual答案 c. particular.注释 be particular about对.讲究, 挑剔; she is very particular about what she wears. (她对她得穿着很讲究。) mr. smith was quite particular about my work. (史密斯先生对工作十分挑剔。)58. i dont think the charge for overhauling （大修）the equipment is excessive in _ to its size. a.correspondence b.equation c.proportion d. dimension答案 c. proportion.注释 in proportion to是固定搭配, 意为“与.成比例, 与.相称”。反义语：out of proportion不成比例,不相称。本题称。本题译文：我认为该设备的大修费并不过分, 是与它的大小相称的。59. voices were _ as the argument between the two motorists became more bad-tempered. a. swollen b. raised c. developed d. increased答案 b. raised.注释 raise (=lift up) ones voice提高嗓门, 高声叫喊。raise ones voice against sth. 意为“为抗议某事而大声疾呼”, 如：as no one raised his voice against the plan, it was agreed on. (因为没有人发表反对意见, 该计划就一致通过了。) voice的常用习语有：the public voice (舆论) , under ones voice (小声地) , with one voice (异口同声地,一致地) ,lose ones voice (嗓子哑了, 说不出话来) , have no voice with (对某事无发言权)。60. having lived in the town for quite a few years, mr. johnson no longer felt _ among the local people. a. out of order b. out of place c. out of control d. out of the question答案 b. out of place.注释 out of place (=in the wrong place or at the wrong time; not suitable; improper) (作表语用) 不适宜, 不得体：1) joan was the only girl who wore a formal at the party, and she felt out of place. (=she felt embarrassed because her dress was not suitable for the party.) 2) it was out of place for russell to laugh at the old lady. (=it was not proper; she should not have done it.) 此外,out of place (=not in the right usual place or position) (作状语用) 不在原来通常的地方：helen fell and knocked one of her teeth out of place. out of order 发生故障; 失调。out of control 失去控制。out of the question 不可能的。*结束*结束一、 表语的考查表语的功能是表述主语的特征、状态、身份等。它也可以说是一种主语补足语。它位于连系动词之后，与之构成所谓的系表结构。在系表结构中，连系动词只是形式上的谓语，而真正起谓语作用的是表语。可以用作表语的有名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语、从句等。高考对表语的考查多集中在以下几个方面：（一） 考查作表语的介词短语中介词的固定搭配【考例】this new model of car is so expensive that it is _the reach of those with average incomes.a. over b. within c. beyond d. below【解析】 beyond the reach是固定搭配，意思是“超出的范围或能力”。答案为c。（二） 考查不同的系动词及其用法【考例】look at the pride on toms face. he _to have been praised by the manager just now.（2011重庆卷, 31）a. seemed b. seems c. had seemed d. is seeming【解析】句意为“看tom脸上骄傲的表情，他似乎刚才受到了经理的表扬。”look at祈使句交代了时间是现在，seem表心理判断，没有进行时态，故选b。答案为b。【考例】sarah, hurry up! im afraid you cant have time to _before the party. ( 04全国) a. get changedb. get changec. get changingd. getting change【解析】get+过去分词。此句为 “get”型被动,get为系动词，get changed 的含义为“换衣服”。同样的情况还有：get dressed, get killed, get burned等。答案为a。【考例】ladies and gentlemen, please remain _ until the plane has come to a complete stop.（09四川）a. seated b. seating c. to seat d. seat【解析】 remain后可接adj, v-ing, v-ed和to be done 等多种形式做表语, 在该题中可以把seated视为一个形容词, 所以正确答案为a。答案为a。（三） 考查非谓语动词作表语时的区别及其形式变化1不定式作表语 (1) 不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。【考例】the purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult. a. not make b. not to make c. not making d. do not make【解析】 此题考查不定式作表语。如果将本句补充完整可得知答案the purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, but it is not to make life more difficult. 答案为b。(2) 如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。如：to work means to earn a living工作就是为了生活。 (3)如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。如： his wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。 2动名词作表语：动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。如：our work is serving the people我们的工作是为人民服务。 注意：动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同，但其所属结构迥异，进行时态说明动作是由主语执行的。动名词做表语，说明主语的性质或情况。如： his hobby is collecting stamps他的爱好是集邮。（动名词）mary and her classmates are cleaning the classroom. （进行时）3分词作表语 分词做表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词做表语，一种是过去分词做表语，这两者区别是高考中经常考到的地方。一般来说，表示心理状态的动词如excite，interest等都是及物动词，汉语意思不是“激动”，“高兴”，而是“使激动”、“使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”，过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以，凡表示“令人的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到”都用-ed形式。【考例】 im very _ with my own cooking. it looks nice and smells delicious. mm. it does have a _ smell.a. pleasant；pleased b. pleased；pleased c. pleasant；pleasant d. pleased； pleasant【解析】d .第一空应填 pleased ，表示“满意的”情绪；第二空应填 pleasant ，意思是“令人愉快的”。（四） 考查表语从句引导词的选择【考例】id like to start my own businessthats _ id do if i had the money. (2011陕西卷 15). a. why b. when c. which d. what【解析】答案为d。考查名词性从句中的表语从句。后面从句不完整，do后面缺少宾语，所以要填连接代词what。【考例】i am afraid hes more of a talker than a doer, which is _ he never finishes anything.（2011山东卷 26） a. that b. when c. where d. why【解析】答案为d。句义。考查表语从句。我恐怕他比起来一个实践家更是一个空谈家，那就是他一事无成的原因。本文“which is.”引导的一个非限定性定语从句中有一个表语从句根据句意用“why”引导。（五）“that is why.”句型与“that is because.”句型（1）“that is why.”与“that is the reason why.”同义，只不过从语法结构上讲，“that is the reason why.”中why引导的是个定语从句，将其中的the reason去掉则与“that is why.”结构一样，例如： that is (the reason) why i cannot agree. 这就是我不能同意的理由。(2)“that is because.”句型中从属连词because引导的名词性从句在此作表语， 这也是个常用句型， 意为“这就是为什么/因为”。“that is because.”与“that is why.”之间的不同在于“that is because.”指原因或理由， “that is why.”则指由于各种原因所造成的后果， 例如： he did not see the film last night. that is because he had to help his little sister with her homework.昨天晚上他没有去看电影， 那是因为他得帮助他的妹妹做作业。(第一句话说明结果， 第二句话说明原因)he had seen the film before. that is why he did not see it last night.他以前曾看过那部电影， 因此他昨天晚上没有去看。(第一句话说明原因， 第二句话说明结果)*结束二、 宾语的考查纵观近几年高考试题，对宾语的考查主要体现在以下几个方面：（一）考查非谓语动词（短语）作宾语1. 有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语，如：want，wish，hope，manage，demand，promise，refuse，pretend，plan，offer，decide，agree，expect, decide, determine, intend, manage, fail, expect, long, threaten, tend, desire等。 【考例】david threatened _his neighbour to the police if the damages were not paid. (09上海) a. to be reported b. reporting c. to report d. having reported 【解析】戴维威胁说, 他邻居如果不赔偿损失, 他就要报案。threaten后可接不定式, 不接动名词, 而且report和david是主动关系。答案为c。注意：动词 know, show, teach 等常带疑问词加 to do 作宾语。【考例】twenty students want to attend the class that aims to teach _to read fast.（2011辽宁卷,23）a. what b. who c. how d. why【解析】句意为“有二十名学生想听旨在提高阅读速度的课程。”fast提示了方式，how + to read fast等同于名词，作teach的宾语。答案为c。2. 有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语，如：admit，appreciate，avoid，consider，delay，dislike，enjoy，escape， excuse，finish，forgive，imagine，prevent，stand，allow，advise，permit，forbid，keep，mind，miss，practise，resist，risk，suggest，deny等。 【考例】bill suggested _ a meeting on what to do for the shanghai expo during the vacation. （09上海） a. having held b. to hold c. holding d. hold 【解析】比尔建议开会就假期为上海世博会做些什么进行讨论。suggest后接动名词, 排除b、d；根据句意, 会议还未开, 因此排除a。答案为c。 注意：但如果在 allow , advise, permit, forbid 后提到有关的人，就只能用不定式作宾补。在动词want, need, require, demand 等词后加动名词作宾语时表示被动意义，相当于 to be done。【考例】can i smoke here? (07江苏) sorry. we dont allow _ here. a. people smoking b. people smoke c. to smoke d. smoking【解析】动词