高考英语二轮 阅读理解金品训练（08）.doc

2013高考英语二轮（阅读理解）金品训练（08）及答案plants cant communicate by moving or making sounds, as most animals do. instead, plants produce volatile compounds，chemicals that easily change from a liquid to a gas. a flower s sweet smell, for example, comes from volatile compounds that the plant produces to attract insects such as bugs and bees.plants can also detect volatile compounds produced by other plants.a tree under attack by hungry insects, for instance, may give off volatile compounds that let other trees know about the attack. in response, the other trees may send off chemicals to keep the bugs away or even chemicals that attract the bugs natural enemies.now scientists have created a quick way to understand what plants are saying: a chemical sensor(传感器) called an electronic nose. the “enose” can tell compounds that crop plants make when theyre attacked.scientists say the enose could help quickly detect whether plants are being eaten by insects. but today the only way to detect such insects is to visually inspect individual plants. this is a challenging task for managers of greenhouses ，enclosed gardens that can house thousands of plants.the research team worked with an enose that recognizes volatile compounds. inside the device, 13 sensors chemically react with volatile compounds. based on these interactions, the enose gives off electronic signals that the scientists analyze using computer software.to test the nose, the team presented it with healthy leaves from cucumber, pepper and tomato plants, all common greenhouse crops. then the scientists collected samples of air around damaged leaves from each type of crop. these plants had been damaged by insects, or by scientists who made holes in the leaves with a hole punch (打孔器)the enose, it turns out, could identify healthy cucumber，pepper and tomato plants based on the volatile compounds they produce. it could also identify tomato leaves that had been damaged. but even more impressive, the device could tell which type of damage by insects or with a hole punch had been done to the tomato leaves.with some finetuning，a device like the enose could one day be used in greenhouses to quickly spot harmful bugs, the researchers say. a device like this could also be used to identify fruits that are perfectly ripe and ready to pick and eat, says natalia dudareva, a biochemist at purdue university in west lafayette, ind. who studies smells of flowers and plants. hopefully, scientists believe, the device could bring large benefits to greenhouse managers in the near future.语篇解读植物会说话吗？植物如何“交流”？本文中的科学家们正在尝试用enose来测试植物受到伤害时的反应。1we learn from the text that plants communicate with each other by_.a. making some soundsb. waving their leavesc. producing some chemicalsd. sending out electronic signals解析事实细节题。从文章第一段中的“instead，plants produce volatile compounds，chemicals that.”可知，植物通过它本身所产生的一种化学物质来进行交流，所以答案选c。答案c2what did the scientists do to find out if the enose worked?a. they presented it with all common crops.b. they fixed 13 sensors inside the device.c. they collected different damaged leaves.d. they made tests on damaged and healthy leaves.解析逻辑推理题。从文章第五段可知，为了证实enose的效果，科学家用受到伤害的叶子与健康的叶子来测试。所以选d。答案d3according to the writer, the most amazing thing about the enose is that it can_.a. pick out ripe fruitsb. spot the insects quicklyc. distinguish different damages to the leavesd. recognize unhealthy tomato leaves解析事实细节题。从倒数第二段中的“but even more impressive，the device could tell which type of damage.”可知，最令人惊奇的是enose能够分辨叶子受到的不同的“伤害”。答案c4we can infer from the last paragraph that the enose_.a. is unable to tell the smell of flowersb. is not yet used in greenhousesc. is designed by scientists at purdued. is helpful in killing harmful insects解析逻辑推理题。从文章最后一段中的“could one day be used in greenhouses to.”推断可知，enose还没有运用到greenhouses中，由此推断b是答案。答案b*结束a jacqueline bouvier kennedy onassis was one of the most private women in the world, yet when she went to work as an editor in the last two decades of her life, she revealed （展现） herself as she did nowhere else after the death of her second husband, greek shipping magnate（巨头）aristotie onassis, jacquelines close friend and former white house social secretary letitia baldrige made a suggestion that she consider a career in publishingafter consideration, jacqueline accepted itperhaps she hoped to find some ideas about how to live her own lifeshe became not less but more interested in readingfor the last 20 years of her life, jacqueline worked as a publishers editor, first at viking, then at doubleday, pursuing a late-life career longer than her two marriages combinedduring her time in publishing, she was responsible for managing and editing more than 100 successfully marketed books. among the first books were in the russian style and inventive paris clothes. she also succeeded in persuading tv hosts bill moyers and joseph campbell to transform their popular television conversation into a book, the power of myth. the book went on to become an international best-sellershe dealt ,too, with michael jackson as he prepared his autobiography，moonwalk jacqueline may have been hired for her name and for her social relations, but she soon proved her worth. her choices, suggestions and widespread social relations were of benefit both to the publishing and to jacqueline herselfin the books she selected for publication, she built on a lifetime of spending time by herself as a reader and left a record of the growth of her mindher books are the autobiography she never wrote. her role as first lady, in the end, was overshadowed by her performance as an editorhowever, few knew that she had achieved so much41we can learn from the passage that jacqueline _. awas in charge of publishing 100 books bgained a lot from her career as an editor cpromoted her books through social relationsdbecame fond of reading after working as an editor42the underlined sentence in the last paragraph probably means that .ajacqueline ended up as an editor rather than as first ladybjacqueline was more successful as an editor than as first ladycjacquelines life as first lady was more colorful than as an editordjacquelines role as first lady was more brilliant than as an editor43what can be inferred from the passage?ajacquelines achievements were widely knownbjacquelines two marriages lasted more than 20 years cjacquelines own publishing firm was set up eventually djacquelines views and beliefs were reflected in the books she edited44the passage is mainly _. aa brief description of jacquelines lifelong experiences ban analysis of jacquelines social relations in publishingca brief account of jacquelines career as an editor in her last 20 yearsdan introduction of jacquelines life both as first lady and as an editorb pacing and pausing sara tried to befriend her old friend steves new wife, but betty never seemed to have anything to say. while sara felt betty didnt hold up her end of the conversation, betty complained to steve that sara never gave her a chance to talk. the problem had to do with expectations about pacing and pausing. conversation is a turn-taking game. when our habits are similar, theres no problem. but if our habits are different, you may start to talk before im finished or fail to take your turn when im finished. thats what was happening with betty and sara. it may not be coincidental that betty, who expected relatively longer pauses between turns, is british, and sara, who expected relatively shorter pauses, is american. betty often felt interrupted by sara. but betty herself became an interrupter and found herself doing most of the talking when she met a visitor from finland. and sara had a hard time cutting in on some speakers from latin america or israel. the general phenomenon, then, is that the small conversation techniques, like pacing and pausing, lead people to draw conclusions not about conversational style but about personality and abilities. these habitual differences are often the basis for dangerous stereotyping. and these social phenomena can have very personal consequences. for example, a woman from the southwestern part of the us went to live in an eastern city to take up a job in personnel. when the personnel department got together for meetings, she kept searching for the right time to break in-and never found it. although back home she was considered outgoing and confident, in washington she was viewed as shy and retiring. when she was evaluated at the end of the year, she was told to take a training course because of her inability to speak up. thats why slight differences in conversational style-tiny little things like microseconds of pause-can have a great effect on ones life. the result in this case was a judgment of psychological problems-even in the mind of the woman herself, who really wondered what was wrong with her and registered for assertiveness training.45. what did sara think of betty when talking with her? a. betty was talkative.b. betty was an interrupter.c. betty did not take her turn. d. betty paid no attention to sara.46. according to the passage, who are likely to expect the shortest pauses between turns?a. americans. b. the british. c. israelis. d. the finns.47. we can learn from the passage that _.a. one should receive training to build up ones confidenceb. ones inability to speak up is culturally determined sometimesc. women are unfavorably stereotyped in eastern cities of the usd. communication breakdown results from short pauses and fast pacing48. the underlined word assertiveness in the last paragraph probably means _a. being willing to speak ones mindb. being able to increase ones powerc. being ready to make ones own judgment d. being quick to express ones ideas confidentlyc runners in a relay race pass a stick in one direction. however, merchants passed silk, gold, fruit, and glass along the silk road in more than one direction. they earned their living by traveling the famous silk road. the silk road was not a simple trading network. it passed through thousands of cities and towns. it started from eastern china, across central asia and the middle east, and ended in the mediterranean sea. it was used from about 200 b c to about 1300 a d., when sea travel offered new routes. it was sometimes called the worlds longest highway. however, the silk road was made up of many routes, not one smooth path. they passed through what are now 18 countries. the routes crossed mountains and deserts and had many dangers of hot sun, deep snow and even battles. only experienced traders could return safe. the silk road got its name from its most prized product. silk could be used like money to pay taxes or buy goods. but the traders carried more than just silk. gold, silver, and glass from europe were much found in the middle east and asia. horses traded from other areas changed farming practices in china. indian merchants traded salt and other valuable goods. chinese merchants traded paper, which produced an immediate effect on the west. apples traveled from central asia to rome. the chinese had learned to graft (嫁接) different trees together to make new kinds of fruit. they passed this science on to others, including the romans. the romans used grafting to grow the apple. trading along the silk road led to world-wide business 2,000 years before the world wide web. the people along the silk road did not share just goods. they also shared their beliefs. the silk road provided pathways for learning, diplomacy, and religion.49. its probable that traders along the silk road needed _.a. to deal with a lot of difficulties b. to know the making of productsc. to receive certain special training d. to remember the entire trade route 50. the silk road became less important because _.a. it was made up of different routes b. silk trading became less popularc. people needed fewer foreign goods d. sea travel provided easier routes 51. new technologies could travel along the silk road because people _.a. shared each others beliefs b. learned from one another c. traded goods along the route d. earned their living by traveling52. what is the best title for the passage?a. the silk road: east meets westb. the silk road: past and presentc. the silk road: routes full of dangersd. the silk road: pathways for learningd when we walk through the city, we all experience a kind of information overload but we pay attention only to those that are important to us. we dont stop, we keep our faces expressionless and eyes straight ahead, and in doing so, we are not just protecting ourselves but are avoiding overloading other people as well. we make use of stereotypes as convenient ways to make quick judgments about situations and people around us. they may not always be accurate，and they can often be dangerously wrong, but they are used regularly. the problem with the stereotypes is that they restrict experience. by using limited clues to provide us with a rapid opinion of other people or places we may choose to limit our communication. we may decide not to go to certain places because we believe they will not offer something we enjoy. in the city, styles of dress are particularly important with regard to self-presentation. different groups often use clearly identifiable styles of clothes so that they can be easily recognized. it is becoming increasingly common for brand names to be placed on the outside of clothes, and this labeling makes it easy to send out information about fashion and price instantly, and lets others tell at a distance whether an individual has similar tastes and is a suitable person to associate with. in england, where social grouping or class continues to make social distinctions, clothes, hairstyles, peoples pronunciation and the manner of speaking are all clues to our social group. class distinctions tend to be relatively fixed, although in the city where greater variety is permitted, they are more likely to be secondary determining factors of friendship and association.53. people walking in cities ignore the surroundings because _.athere is too much information to take inbeveryone else is expressionlesscthey do not wish to talk to other peopledthe environment is already familiar to them54. according to the passage, the main disadvantage of using stereotypes is that they _.acan rarely be relied onbmake us mentally lazycmay make us miss some pleasant experiencedare likely to lead us into dangerous situations55. from the passage we may conclude that _.astereotypes can help to understand people fullybdressing can send messages about individualscpeople are becoming more interested in fashiondstereotypes can do more harm than good to people56. it would appear that in england, a persons class _.ais something that can be changed easily. bplays less of a role than it did in the pastcis mainly determined by his pronunciationdmight be less important in making friends in a cityethe internet will open up new vistas (前景), create the global villageyou can make new friends all around the worldthat, at least, is what it promised usthe difficulty is that it did not take the human mind into accountthe reality is that we cannot keep relationship more than a limited number of people. no matter how hard the internet tries to put you in communication, its best efforts will be defeated by your mindthe problem is twofoldfirst, there is a limit on the number of people we can hold in mind and have a meaningful relationship withthat number is about 150 and is set by the size of our brain. second, the quality of your relationships depends on the amount of time you invest in themwe invest a lot in a small number of people and then distribute whats left among as many others as we canthe problem is that if we invest little time in a person, our engagement with that person will decline until eventually it dies into “someone i once knew