高考英语二轮复习精品资料专题11 状语从句教学案（教师版）.doc

2013高考英语二轮复习精品资料专题11 状语从句（教学案，教师版）【2013高考考纲解读】状语从句包括时间状语从句，地点状语从句，条件状语从句，让步状语从句，原因状语从句，目的状语从句和结果状语从句。状语从句的考查主要集中在连接词的掌握上，尤其要掌握until, before, since, when, in case等的各种语义功能和语法功能。【重点知识整合】 一、时间状语从句 1whenwhile与as (1) when既可接一个持续性动作，也可接一个短暂性动作，可用于主句和从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作发生的场合。 (2) while从句的动作必须是持续性的，侧重主句动作和从句动作的对比。 (3)as后接一个持续性动作，多用于主句和从句动作同时发生，常译为“一边，一边”。 when the film ended, the people went back. 电影一结束，人们便回去了。 please dont talk so loud while others are working. 别人在工作时，请别这么大声谈话。 he hurried home, looking behind as he went. 他匆匆忙忙回家去，一边走一边回头望。注意：如果主句表示的是短暂性动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作时，when，while与as可互换使用。 when/while/as l was walking down the street,i came across an old friend of mine. 当我沿着街走的时候，遇见了一个老朋友。while可作并列连词，表示对比，意为“而，却”。 he is a worker while i am a doctor他是工人而我是医生。when可连接并列句，意为“就在那时”(=and then或and at that time)，常用于以下句式：sbwasdoing sthabout to do sthon the point of doing sth.just going to do sth.when. the baby was on the point of crying when her mother came home那婴儿刚要哭，这时她母亲回家了。 i was just going to explain when the bell rang. 我正要解释，突然钟声响了。 2名词短语引导的时间状语从句 the time/moment/minute/instant/the day/the year/the first/second time,each/every time/next time/any time. the day he returned home, his father was already dead. 他回到家的那天，他父亲已经去世了。 every time i seehim,he is working hard. 我每次见到他，他都在努力工作。 3.as soon as, immediately, directly, the moment, the minute,no sooner., than., hardly/scarcely., when., once (一就）. 这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一旦发生，主句的动作就随即发生，常意为“一就”。从句中用一般时态代替将来时态。 once you remember it, youll never forget it. 你一旦记住了它，就永远不会忘记。、 the moment i heard the voice,i knew father was coming. 一听到这个声音我就知道父亲来了。 no sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left. 我们刚到车站火车就开走了。 the boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother. 一看到母亲，男孩就突然大哭起来。 注意：no sooner., than.与hardly/scarcely., when.这些结构的时态搭配：主句谓语动词应用过去完成时，而than与when引导的从句应用一般过去时。此外，当把no sooner和hardly/scareely提到句首时，主句应用部分倒装语序。 i had hardly got home when it began to rain. hardly had i got home when it began to rain. 我刚到家天就下起雨来。 4.till.until与not., until (1)肯定句：主句谓语动词必须是延续性动词，主句、从句都为肯定式，意为“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”。 he remained there until she arrived. 他一直在那儿直到她来。 (2)否定句：主句谓语动词必须是非延续性动词，从句为肯定式，意为“某动作直到某时间才开始”。 she wont go to bed till/until her mother returns. 直到妈妈回来她才上床睡觉。 (3)句首多用until，不用till;在强调结构中或与not连用时，多用until，不用till。 (4)not. until.的句式变换。 it was not until you told me that i had any idea of it.（强调句型） not until you told me did i have any idea of it.(not until置于句首，主句用部分倒装) 直到你告诉我，我才对它有点儿印象。 5before与since (1)若表达“还未就；不到就；才，趁，还没来得及”时，须用连词before。 the train had atready left before i arrived. 火车已经开走了我才到。 (2)it will be+段时间+before.多久之后才 it will be half a year before i come back. 还有半年我就回来了。 it wont be long before we meet again. 离我们再见面不会很久了。 (3)since从句的谓语动词一般是非延续性动词，如果从句的谓语动词是延续性的，或是状态动词，若其时态是一般过去时，则时间的起点应从动作的完成或状态的结束时算起。 i havent heard from him since he lived here. 从他不住这儿起，我一直没有收到他的信。 如果从句时态是现在完成时，则时间的起点应从动作的发生或状态开始时算起。试比较： ive written her 20 letters since i have been here. 自从我到这儿来（从开始算起），我已经给她写了20封信了。 i have written her 20 letters since l was here. 自从我离开这儿以来（从结束算起），我已经给她写了20封信了。 (4)在“it is+段时间+since从句”句型中，时间的计算一律从since从句的动作完成或状态结束时算起。 it is three years since the war broke out. 自从战争爆发以来有3年了。 it is three years since she was in our class. 她离开我们班有3年了。 it is three years since he lived here他不在这儿住有3年了。it is three years since i smoked (-since i stopped smoking).我不吸烟有3年了。 如果要表达“我吸烟有3年了”应为： it is three years since i began to smoke. 二、地点状语从句 1引导地点状语从句的连词有：where，wherever，anywhere，everywhere，nowhere等。 you can go anywhere you like.你可以去任何你想去的地方。 wherever there is smoke,there is a fire. 无火不生烟（无风不起浪）。 2地点状语从句与定语从句的转化：地点状语从句只要在where前加上to/in/from the place，便可变为定语从句。 make marks where you have questions（状语从句） make marks in places where you have questions.（定语从句）在你有问题的地方标注记号。 三、原因状语从句 1引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：becausesince，now that，seeing that，considering that，每个连词的含义不尽相同。 2. because,as与since/now that区别 位置 内涵语气能否回答 why能否被强调because 因为主句前或后直接因果关系强 能 能as由于主句前或后 since/now that 既然 主句前双方都知道 的原因弱 不能 不能 why are you absent from the meeting? 你为什么没有参加会议？ because i am ill. as it is raining,we should not go to the park. 由于下雨，我们不该去公园了。 now that/since everybody is here, lets begin our meeting. 既然大家都在这儿，咱们开始开会吧。 【例】did you return freds call? i didnt need to _ ill see him tomorrow. a. though b.unless cwhen d.because 答案：d 注意：(1) for作连词也有“因为”的意思，但for是并列连词，连接并列分句。we should be more careful,for it is already dark. 天色已晚，我们应更小心些。(2) when也可引导原因状语从句，意为“既然”。how can he succeed when he wont work? 既然他不肯工作，那他怎么会成功呢？(3)一些介词短语可表示原因：because of，thanks to，due to， owing to等。 四、目的状语从句 引导目的状语从句的从属连词（词组）有：so that，in order that,for fear that,in case,lest等。 1. in order that与so that . 两个连词（词组）都意为“以便”；为了”，引导的状语从句中须用may (might)，can (could)，will (would)等情态动词。in order that比so that正式，引导的状语从句可置于主句之前或之后；丽so that引导的从苛负能置于主句之后。 ill speak slowly so that you can understand me. 我会慢慢地说，以便你能理解我。 in order that we might see the sunrise, we started for the peak early.为了能看到日出，我们早早地就向山顶出发了。2for fear that,in case 与lest. 这些从属连词（词组）引导的目的状语从句中谓语动词要用(should+)动词原形，它本身带有否定意义，相当于so that.not或in order that not。 the boy hid himself behind the tree in case/for fear that his father should see him 这个男孩躲在树后，以免他的父亲看到他。 take your raincoat in case/lest it should rain. 带着你的雨衣以免下雨。 注意：目的状语从句可用so as to，in order to等不定式来替换，但主句与从句主语须一致。he ran fast so that he might arrive there before ten oclock.=he ran fast so as to arrive there before ten oclock.他快跑以便在10点以前赶到那里。如果主句与从句的主语不一致，要用for引导不定式的逻辑主语。my mother gets up early every morning to cook breakfast so that i can go to school on time.so as for me/in order for me to go to school on time.妈妈每天早晨早起做早饭，以便我能按时到校。 五、结果状语从句 1引导结果状语从句的从属连词有：so that，sothat，such.that.。 2在非正式语体中，由sothat，such.that.引导的句子中that可以省略，注意其结构形式： so+形容词副词+that从句 so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数形式+that从句 so+many/much/few/little（少的）+名词+that从句 such+a/an+形容词十可数名词单数形式+that从句 such+形容词十可数名词复数形式不可数名词+that从句 such+a lot of/lots of+名词+that从句、 mike is such an honest worker .that we all believe him: mike is so honest a worker that we all believe him. 迈克是如此诚实的一个工人，以至于我们都相信他。 it is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park. 天气如此好，以至于我们都想去公园。 he earned so little money that he couldnt support his family. 他挣的钱如此少，以至于不能养家糊口。 3.so或such置于句首，主句用倒装语序。 so excited was he that he could not fall into sleep. 他太激动了，以至于不能入睡。 4tooto，enough to.，soas to等也可表示结果。 he got up too late to catch the bus. he got up so late as to miss the bus. he didnt get up early enough to catch the bus. 他起得很晚没有赶上公共汽车。 六、条件状语从句 引导条件状语从句的从属连词有：if，unless（一ifnot除非），so (as) long as（只要），in case（万一），on condition that（条件是），suppose/supposing（假设，用于问句），provided/providing that等。youll fail the exam unless you study hard. (if you dont study hard.)如果你不努力学习，考试就会不及格。as long as you dont lose heart,you will succeed.只要你不失去信心，你就会成功的。suppose/supposing (that) they refuse us, who else can we turn to for help?假设他们拒绝了我们，我们该向谁寻求帮助？in case there is a fire,what will you do first?万一发生火灾，你会先做什么？注意：while可引导条件状语从句，意为“只要”。there will be life while there is water and air.只要有水和空气，就会有生命。【例】owen wouldnt eat anything _ he cooked it himself a. until b. since c. unless d. while 【答案】c 【例】the medicine works more effectively you drink some hot water after taking it . a . as b .until c. although d. if 七、方式状语从句 引导方式状语从句的从属连词有：as，as if,as though。 1当as if/though引导的方式状语从句所表示的情况是事实或具有很大的可能性时，通常用陈述语气。 i feel as if i have a fever.我觉得我好像发烧了。 2当从句中所表示的情况不是事实时，通常用虚拟语气，现在的情况用过去时态，过去的情况用过去完成时。 do as you are told to,or youll be fired.1 按照告诉你的那样做，否则你就会被解雇。 the old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son. 那位老妇人对待那个男孩就好像他是她自己的儿子。 八、让步状语从句 1although/though（尽管，虽然），even though/even if（即使），as(虽然)等引导让步状语从句。 (1) although与though although与though意思相同，一般可互换，都可以与yet，still或nevertheless连用，但不能和but连用。he is unhappy though/although he has a lot of money.虽然他有很多钱，他并不快乐。although/though it was raining hard, yet they went on playing football.虽然雨下得很大，他们仍然继续踢足球。注意：though还可用作副词，意为“可是，然而”，置于句末。 he said he would come;he didnt,though. 他说他会来，可是他没有来。though引导的让步状语从句还可用于倒装结构，此时用法同as。 (2)as as引导的从句一般放在主句之前，须用倒装语序。从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首。若表语是可数名词单数，前置时要省略不定冠词。 child as he is,he knows a lot. 尽管他是个孩子，却懂得很多。 much as i like it,i wont buy it,for its too expensive. 虽然我很喜欢它，但我不会买的，因为它太贵了。 try as he might,he could not find a job. 不管他怎样努力，他还是找不到工作。 (3)even though/even if这两个连接词引导的从句表示更强的让步，常译为“再退一步说”，有时可用虚拟语气。 even though/even if you say so,i dont believe it. 即使你那么说，我也不信。 even if l were busy,i would go to see you off. 即使忙我也要去给你送行。 2whether., or.（不管还是）；疑问词+ever与no matter+疑问词（不管；无论）引导让步状语从句。 whether you believe it or not,it is true. 不管你信还是不信，它是真的。 whatever(一no matter what)you say, he wont believe you.不管你说什么，他都不会相信你。 whoever you are(一no matter who you are), you must obey the rules.不管你是谁，都必须遵守规则。注意：whoever，whatever，whomever与whichever还可以引导名词性从句。而no matter+疑问词只引导让步状语从句。 you can take whatever you like.（宾语从句） 喜欢什么，你就拿什么。 3有时when和while也可引导让步状语从句。 while he was respected,he was not liked. 他虽受到尊敬，但没有受到喜爱。 he walks when he might ride.他虽有车可坐，却还是步行。 九、由分词转化成的连词 1现在分词由现在分词转化成的连词有：seeing考虑到；supposing即使，如果；providing如果；considering考虑到；granting即使。 he can stay here providing he works. 如果他工作的话，他可以留在这儿。granting that youve made some progress, you should not be conceited.即使你取得了一些进步，你也不应该盲目自大。considering you are newcomers, youve adjusted very well. 鉴于你们是新手，你们已经调整得很好了。 2过去分词由过去分词转化成的连词有：provided如果，以为条件；granted即使；given就而言。you may go, provided your work is done.如果你的工作做完了，你可以走。granted that he has enough money to buy the house, it doesnt mean that hes going to do so.即使他有足够的钱买这所房子，他也不一定会这样做。 十、比较状语从句1as. as这种结构可以用于同程度的比较，否定句用not so/as., as。2as和than连接的比较状语从句常可省去同主句相同的部分。3the，the结构后跟adj.或adv.的比较级，意为“越，越”。 十一、状语从句的省略有些表示时间、地点、条件、方式或让步的状语从句，如果谓语动词含有be动词，主语又和主句中的主语一致，或者主语是it，常把从句中的主语和be动词省略掉。look out for cars when crossing the street.穿过街道的时候要小心车辆。she advised me not to say anything unless asked.她建议我除非被要求，什么也不要说。易混易误 深度总结典型陷阱题分析1. “may i go and play with dick this afternoon, mum?” “no, you cant go out _ your work is being done.”a. before b. untilc. asd. the moment【陷阱】容易误选b，误认为这是考查 notuntil结构。【分析】最佳答案选 c。句中的 your work is being done 表明“你正在做作业”，选 as 表原因。2. “im going to the post office.” “_ youre there, can you get me some stamps?”a. as b. whilec. becaused. if【陷阱】容易误选a。【分析】最佳答案选 b。尽管 as 和 while 均可用作从属连词引导时间状语从句，表示“当的时候”，但两者有一个重要区别，就是这样用的 as 从句的谓语不能是状态动词。当然，如果 as 不是表示“当的时候”，其谓语是完全可以用状态动词的。如：i went to bed early, as i was exhausted. 我很累了，所以很早就上床睡了。(此句中的 as 表示原因，意为“因为”、“由于”)(1) _ you are at home alone, please dont leave the door open. a. as b. whilec. befored. how(2) _ you are alone with her, tell her that you like her. a. after b. asc. while d. how3. after the war, a new school building was put up _ there had once been a theatre. a. that b. whenc. which d. where【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】最佳答案选 d。where 在此引导地点状语从句，其意为“(在)的地方”。 (1) the famous scientist grew up _ he was born and in 1930 he came to shanghai.a. when b. wheneverc. where d. wherever(2) she found her calculator _ she lost it. a. where b. whilec. in which d. that(3) you should make it a rule to leave things _ you can find them again. a. when b. wherec. then d. which(4) when you read the book, youd better make a mark _ you have any questions.a. at which b. at wherec. the place where d. where(5) you should let your children play _ you can see them.a. in which b. whenc. where d. that(6) now he works in the factory _ his father used to work.a. where b. thatc. in which d. when 4. the visitor asked to have his picture taken _ stood the famous tower.a. that b. at whichc. when d. where【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】最佳答案选 d。此题与上面一题有些相似，但又有所不同：相似的是，where 均表示“在的地方”，均用以引导地点状语从句；不同的是，此题还涉及倒装，即此句的主语是 the famous tower，谓语是 stood，正常词序为 where the famous tower stood，使用倒装是为了保持句子平衡，避免头重脚轻。4. they kept trying _ they must have known it was hopeless.a. if b. becausec. when d. where【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】最佳答案选 c。when 在此的意思不是“当的时候”，而是“尽管”、“虽然”的意思。又如：he walks when he might take a taxi. 尽管他可以坐出租车，但他却走路。he stopped trying when he might have succeeded next time. 尽管他本来下次就可以成功的了，但他却停止努力了。the boy was restless when he should have listened to the teacher carefully. 这男孩子本来应该专心听老师讲的，但他却坐立不安。有许多同学只知道 when 表示“当的时候”，而不知道它还有其他许多意思，除上面提到的表示“尽管”、“虽然”外，when 还可表示“既然”、“考虑到”。请做下面的试题：why do you want a new job _ youve got such a good one already?a. that b. where c. which d. when5. he was about to tell me the secret _ someone patted him on the shoulder.a. as b. untilc. when d. while 【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】最佳答案选 c。when 意为“这时(突然)”，主要用于某一动作突然发生于另一动作正在进行或刚要发生之时。此时的 when 可以连用副词 suddenly，也可以不连用它，但值得注意的是，同学们不能单独用 suddenly 来代替 when。(1) i was about to go out _ the telephone rang. a. as soon as b. suddenly c. whend. directly(2) we were swimming in the lake _ the storm started. a. when b. untilc. suddenly d. before(3) she was walking down the road _ she heard someone shouting for help.a. before b. suddenlyc. until d. when6. the fire went on for quite some time _ it was brought under control.a. when b. beforec. after d. since【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】最佳答案选 d。before 意为“在之前”，句意是“大火在得到控制之前燃烧了相当一段时间”。(1) he made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation _ it got worse.a. until b. whenc. before d. as(2) someone called me up in the middle of the night, but they hung up _ i could answer the phone.a. as b. untilc. since d. before(3) she is getting better by degrees, but it will be some time _ she is completely well.a. that b. sincec. when d. before(4) they sat down opposite each other, but it was some moments _ they spoke. a. after b. beforec. since d. when 7. mother asked me to take more money _ something unexpected should happen.a. in case b. whenc. in order that d. so that (1) _ i forget, please remind me about it.a. in case b. whenc. in order that d. so that (2) take your umbrella just _ it rains.a. in order that b. so thatc. in case d. when(3) be quiet _ you should wake the baby.a. so that b. in casec. when d. in order that (4) take a hat with you in case the sun is very hot.a. when b. so thatc. in order that d. in case(5). ill keep his address _ i need it. a. so that b. in order thatc. in case d. when 8. _ your composition carefully, some spelling mistakes can be avoided. a. having checked b. checkc. if you check d. to check【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选，尤其可能误选a。【分析】最佳答案选 c。前面一个分句为条件状语从句，后面一个分句为主语。现分析几个干扰项：选项 a 和 d 均为非谓语动词，根据英语语法习惯，非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语应与句子主语一致，而此句的 some spelling mistakes 显然不能用作 having checked 或 to check 的逻辑主语，故不能选为答案；若选 b，则两个句子之间缺少必要的连词，也不对。 (1) _ more careful, the work might have been done better.a. being b. having beenc. if you had been d. to have been(2) _ your diet, it is easy to reduce.a. watching b. if you watchc. to be watchingd. to have watched(3) _ a pair of compasses, it is easy to describe a circle.a. if you have b. to have hadc. having d. if having(4) _ for something, a receipt is given to you.a. paying b. having paidc. to be paying d. when you have paid (5) _ the sun rising slowly in the east, the scene is a perfect dream.a. seeing b. when you see c. to be seeing d. having seen 9. “shall mary come and play computer games?” “no, _ she has finished her homework.”a. when b. sincec. unless d. as soon as (1) “would you mind my sitting here with you?” “no, _ you arent too noisy.”a. whenb. ifc. unlessd. as soon as(2) “will he agree to come to join us in the work?” “no, _ we promise him more money.”a. whenb. unlessc. unlessd. as soon as(3) “can you finish the work in time?” “no, _ we dont sleep throughout the night.”10. “when did he leave the classroom?” “he left _ you turned back to write on the blackboard.”a. the timeb. the momentc. untild. since (1)“did you remember to give mary the money you owed her?” “yes, i gave it to her _ i saw her.”a. whileb. the momentc. suddenlyd. until(2) the doorkeeper gave the alarm _ he saw the smoke.a. whileb.