翻译的功能类型.ppt

AFunctionalTypologyofTranslations 1997 TheFundamentalDrawbacksoftheEquivalenceModel 1 FocusesonmainlystructuralqualitiesoftheST losingtheintrinsicinterrelationshipbetweenextratextualandintratextualfactorsofcommunicativeinteractionoutofsight 主要关注原文的结构 忽视了文外因素和文内因素本质上的交流互动 2 Itdoesn ttakeculturalaspectsintosufficientlyconsideration 文化因素没能得到充分考虑 3 Lacksconsistency缺乏一致性 4 Thetransferstandardsaredifferentorevencontradictory 翻译标准不一致 甚至相互矛盾5 Itdoesn taccountforculture specificdifferencesintranslationalconcepts 没有解释出文化类型的不同点6 Excludestarget languagetextwhichdonotsatisfythecriterionofequivalence 对等模式将那些不满足对等标准的目的语文本排除在外7 Thesourcetextanditsvalueareconsideredtobetheoneandonlystandard 把源语文本和其价值视为唯一的标准 FunctionalismPlusLoyaltyasanAlternativeModel Sinceobviouslytheequivalencemodelisnotadequatetotheneedsofprofessionaltranslationinamodernsociety herearewhatweneedforanalternative 既然对等理论不足以满足现代社会职业翻译的需要 以下是几种替代模式 1 apragmaticmodel语用模式2 acultural orientedmodel文化导向模式3 aconsistentmodel一致模式4 acomprehensivemodel综合模式5 ananti universalistmodel反普遍主义模式6 apracticalmodel实践模式7 anexpertmodel专家模式 TheSkoposModel目的论 Oneofthemainfactorsintheskoposofacommunicativeactivityisthereceiveroraddresseewiththetheirspecificcommunicativeneeds 目的论的主要因素是带着不同交际需求的接受者或听话人ThisappliesbothtoSTandTT 对源语文本和译语文本都适用ThefocusisshiftedfromSTtoTTanditscommunicativefunctionorfunctions 关注点从源语转移到译语和译语的功能 Characteristics Thismodelispragmaticinthatittakestarget orientationseriouslyandevenmakesthetargetreceiverthemostimportantdeterminantoftranslationaldecisions 这个理论是务实的 因为它认真对待译文读者 并且将其作为决定译文好坏的最重要决定者 ThismodelisconsistentbecauseitpermitsanytranslationprocedureswhichwillleadtoafunctionalTT 这个理论是一致的 因为它容许任何功能性的翻译 Thismodeliscomprehensivebecausetargetfunctionisconsideredtobethemainstandardforanytranslationprocess 这个理论可以理解 因为它把目的功能作为主要的翻译准则 Thismodelispracticalbecauseitcanbeappliedtoanyassignmentoccurringinprofessionaltranslationpractice 这个理论是实用的 因为它可以应用于任何职业翻译任务 Thismodelgivesdueconsiderationtotheroleofthetranslatorasanexpert 这个理论给了译者应有的专家地位 FunctionalityPlusLoyalty TwoReservationstotheSkoposModelbyNord 诺德对于目的论有两个保留意见 a culture specificityoftranslationalmodel翻译模式的文化特殊性b relationshipbetweenthetranslatorandtheSTauthor 译者和原文作者的关系问题 fora translatorshouldmeditatebetweenthetwocultures译者应该作为两种文化的中介forb authorandtranslatorareequivalent作者和译者地位等同 译者应忠实于作者 TheNotionofFunction功能的概念 AModelofBasicTextFunctions文本的几种功能1 referentialfunction指示功能2 expressivefunction表情功能3 appellativefunction呼唤功能4 phaticfunction寒暄功能 AFunctionalTypologyofTranslations documentarytranslationWord for wordtranslation逐字对译Literaltranslation字面翻译philologicaltranslation注释翻译exoticizingtranslation异域翻译 instrumentaltranslationEquifunctionaltranslation等功能翻译Heterofunctionaltranslation异功能翻译Homologoustranslation类体裁翻译 TheLimitsofTranslation Copyingormerelytransliteratingatextortextpartcannotbecalled translating norcanwenacceptasa translation anyrenderingwhichdoesnotrespecttheprincipleofloyalty Example12Cuba PlanningtheTranslationProcess Translationbrief 1 thesender sintentions 2 theaddressee 3 theprospectivetimeandplaceoftextreception 4 themediumoverwhichthetextwillbetransmitted 5 themotivefortextproductionorreception Source textAnalysisandTranslationStrategy extratextualfactor文外因素intratextualfactor文内因素文外因素涉及信息发送者及其意图 接受者 媒介 渠道 交际地点 交际时间 交际动机 文本功能 互文因素等 文内因素包含了从词 句 段落到内容主题等方面 CategorizingTranslationProblems a pragmatictranslationproblem b interculturaltranslationproblem c interlingualtransla