高三英语寒假作业（七）.doc

高三英语寒假作业（七）第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节 (共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分) 阅读下列列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(a、b、c和d)中,选出最佳选项。并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑 a some people think that as more and more people have televisions in their homes, fewer and fewer people will buy books and newspapers. why read an article in the newspaper, when the tv news can bring you the information in a few minutes and with pictures? why read the life story of a famous man, when a short television program can tell you all that you want to know?television has not killed reading, however. today, newspapers sell in very large numbers. and books of every kind are sold more than ever before. books are still a cheap way to get information and enjoyment. although some books with hard covers are expensive, many books are printed today as paperbooks (平装本), which are quite cheap. a paperback collection of short stories, for example, is always cheaper than an evening at the cinema or the theater, and you can keep a book for ever and read it many times.books are a wonderful provider of knowledge and pleasure and some types of books should be in every home. every home should have a good dictionary. a good encyclopedia (百科全书), though expensive, is useful, too, because you can find information on any subject. besides, you can have such books as history books., science textbook, cookbooks, and collections of stories and poems. then from time to time you can take a book of poems off your shelves and read the thoughts and feelings of your favorite poets.1. it can be inferred from the passage that _.a. tv programs are a chief provider of knowledgeb. cinemas are the best choice in getting informationc. reading is a cheap way of learning and having fund. newspapers are an expensive way to enjoy oneself2. what does the sentences “television has not killed reading, however ” underlined in the second paragraph suggest?a. people only need reading, though.b. reading is still necessary today.c. reading is more fun than television.d. watching television doesnt help reading.4. what can we learn from the passage?a. fewer and fewer people will buy books.b. a good dictionary should be kept in every home.c. books with hard covers sell better than paperbooks.d. more people like tv programs about famous men. bdomestic (驯养的) horses now pull ploughs, race in the kentucky derby, and carry police. but early horses werent tame (驯服的) enough to perform these kinds of tasks. scientists think the first interactions humans had with horses were far different from those today.thousands of years ago, people killed the wild horses that lived around them for food. over time, people began to catch the animals and raise them. this was the first step in domestication.as people began to tame and ride horses, they chose to keep those animals that had more desirable characteristics. for example, people may have chosen to keep horses that had a gentle personality so they could be ridden more easily. people who used horses to pull heavy loads would have chosen to keep stronger animals. characteristics like strength are partly controlled by the animals genes. so as the domesticated horses reproduced, they passed the characteristics on to their young. each new generation of houses would show more of these chosen characteristics.modern day horse breeds come in a wide variety of shapes and sizes. this variety didnt exist in the horse population before domestication. the shetland horse is one of the smallest breedstypically reaching only one meter tall. with short, strong legs, the animals were bred to pull coal out of mine shafts (矿井) with low ceilings. huge horses like the clydesdale came on the scene around 1700. people bred these heavy, tall horses to pull large vehicles used for carrying heavy loads.the domestication of horses has had great effects on societies. for example, horse were important tools in the advancement of modern agriculture. using them to pull ploughs and carry heavy loads allowed people to farm more efficiently. before they were able to ride horses, humans had to cross land on foot. riding horses allowed people to travel far greater distance in much less time. that encouraged populations living in different areas to interact with one another. the new from of rapid transportation helped cultures spread around the world1. before domestication horses were _.a. caught for sportsb. hunted for foodc. made to pull ploughsd. used to carry people2. the author uses the shetland horse as an example to show _.a. it is smaller than the clydesdale horseb. horse used to have gentle personalitiesc. some horses have better shaped than othersd. horses were of less variety before domestication3. horses contributed to the spread of culture by _.a. carrying heavy loadsb. changing farming methodsc. serving as a means of transportd. advancing agriculture in different areas4. the passage is mainly about _.a. why humans domesticated horsesb. how humans and horses needed each otherc. why horses came in different shapes and sizesd. how human societies and horses influenced each other c a new study has found no evidence that sunscreen, commonly used to reduce the risk of skin caner, actually increases the risk.researchers from the university of lows based their firdings on a review of 18 earlier studies that looked at the associstion between sunscreen use and melanoms(黑素瘤). they said that they found flaws in studies that had reported associations between sunscreen use and higher risk of melanoma.most health experts believe that by protecting the skin from the harmful effects of the sun, sunscreen helpsprevent skin cancer, which is increasing in incidence (发生率) faster than any other cancer in the united states.but questions have been raised about sunscreen and whether it may have the opposite effect, perhaps by allowing people to remain exposed to the sun longer without burning.the researchers said that among the problems with some earlier studies is that they often failed to take into account that those people most at risk for skin concerpeople with fair skin and freckles（雀斑）,for exampleare more likely to use sunscreen. as a result, it may appear that sunscreen users get cancer more often.the studies, which generally relied on volunteers to recall their sunscreen use, were also unable to prove how well the products had been applied, said the new study.1.the underlined word “flaws” in the 2ndparagraph most probably means.a.evidencesb.factsc.faultsd.failures2.people with fair skin and freckles.a.seldom use sunscreen b. are more in danger of skin concerc. can be free from the harm of the sun d. often expose themselves to the sun3.we can learn from the passage that.a. sunscreen users get skin cancer more oftenb. the volunteers have proved the effect of sunscreenc. the new study was based on the experiences of volunteersd. the number of skin cancer patients is increasing inamerica4.which of the following can be the beat title for this passage?a. sunscreen to prevent skin cancer b. sunscreen to increase skin cancerc. skin cancer caused by sunscreen d. skin cancer caused by freckles ddespite the fact that it has never been seen almost everyone is familiar with the legendary unicorn(独角兽). descriptions of unicorns have been found dating from ancient times. the great philosopher aristotle theorized that there were two types of unicorn- the so-called indian ass and the oryx, a kind of antelope. unicorns are often used in the logo of a noble family, town council or university as their special sign. evenscotlandis represented by a unicorn.according to the legend, anyone attempting to catch a unicorn had to be extremely cautious as it has a reputation for being very fierce. a clever trick suggested by unicorn-trappers, in order to catch this magnificent beast without being hurt by its horn, was for the hunter to stand in front of a tree and then to move quickly behind it as the unicorn charged. hopefully, the creature could then be captured when its horn was stuck in the tree.when hollowed out and used as a drinking-cup, the unicorns horn was said to have the power to offer protection against person. it was believed that nobody could be harmed-by drinking the contents of a unicorns horn. right up until the french revolution in 1789, the french court was said to have used cups made of “unicorn” horn in order to protect the king. in addition, the horn was said to have medicinal value, so much so that it could be sold for more than ten times the price of the same weight of gold. what, then, was “unicorn” horn? we know at times the rhino(犀牛) was confused with this legendary creature. a drinking-cup supposedly made of “unicorn” horn was discovered to be made of the horn of a rhino.1. which of the following is true of the unicorn?a. it was not historically recordedb. its horn was first used infrance c. it was similar to the indian ass and the oryx d. it could be the symbol of a university2. to catch a unicorn, the unicorn-trappers had to try all of the following except _.a. tempting the unicorn to attackb. making use of the tree as a protection c. hiding quickly behind the unicorn d. having the unicorn horn stuck in the tree3. the last paragraph is mainly about _.a. the properties of the unicorn hornb. the users of the unicorn horn c. the price of the unicorn horn d. the comparison between the unicorn horn and the rhino horn4. in the last paragraph, the word “unicorn ” is in quotation marks (引号)because _.a. the cup is designed only for a royal familyb. the unicorn does not exist in reality c. the unicorn is the rarest animal in the world d. the medicinal value of the horn is appreciated 第二节（共5小题：每小题2分，满分10分）【题文】根据短文内容， 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 if youre looking for a challenging situation to practice your english, pick up the phone. not being able to see the other person and the body language can make the chatting difficult. _1_ here are some tips to guide you through an average phone conversation in english.1greetingsevery phone call should begin with a polite greeting such as “hi, howve you been？” or “nice to hear from you”. even if youre calling a business contact for a specific purpose, itd be rude to jump right into business. _2_2getting to the pointthere always comes the point where you want to move on from friendly chatting and get down to business. what should you do in this situation? _3_ however, if you are waiting to find out why someone called you, you can guide the conversation by saying “so what can i do for you？”3interrupting without offencesometimes you may happen to be speaking with a very talkative person. _4_ keep in mind when youd like to interrupt, be sure to do it politely. for example, begin with “id like to say something here”4closing the callthis can be the trickiest part of the conversation! it may be the time to offer good wishes if its appropriate. _5_ sometimes its easiest to just say you enjoyed speaking to the other person. also remember cleverly saying the word well at the beginning of a sentence can indicate youre ready to end the conversation.ause the phrase “im just calling to.” to change to thetopic at hand.badditionally, you may want to confirm any plans youvemade.cyou should make a little small talk at the beginning.dyoud better greet him or her in a friendly way.eso it may be difficult to get a word in.fpractice english through phone calls.gnever fear, though!第二部分 英语知识运用（共两节， 满分45分）第一节 完形填空（共20 小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（a, b, c, d）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。south africas first black president nelson mandela died at the age of95 indecember, 2013. president jacob zuma said mr. mandela would36afull state funeral, and flags would be flown at half-mast（半旗）.mr.mandelawas one of the worlds most 37statesmen despite being imprisoned for 27 years.he had 38been seen in public since officially39in2004. he made his last public40in2010, at the football world cup insouth africa.his 41campaigner, archbishop desmond tutu, said,“not onlywas mr. mandela an amazing 42to humankind, but also he made south africans and africans feel good about being 43we are.”mr. zuma said in his statement,“what made nelson mandela great was 44what made him human.many people around the world were greatly 45by his selfless struggle for human dignity, equality and freedom. he 46our lives in personal ways.”tributes（悼词）have come in from around the world. us president barack obama said,“mr. mandela no longer belongs to 47he belongs to the ages.he took historyin his hands and 48the arc（天穹）of the moral universe towards justice.”ukprime minister david cameron also paid tribute, saying,“a great light had49inthe world.”mr. mandela won the nobel prize in 1993. he was 50south africas first black president and then served a single 51. after leaving office, he becamesouth africas highest-profile ambassador, campaigning 52hiv/aids and helping to 53his countrys right to host the 2010 football world cup.he was also54inpeace negotiation incongo, other countries inafricaand elsewhere.earlier in the year 2013, mr. mandela spent nearly three55inhospital with a lung infection.he was moved to his home in september, 2013, where he continued to receive intensive care.36.a. receive b. afford c. demandd. guarantee37. a. demandingb. respected c. violent d. cautious38. a. frequentlyb. rarely c. neverd. constantly39. a. working b. acknowledgingc.practicingd. retiring40. a. speech b. contribution c. appearanced. sacrifice41. a. serious b. corruptc. fellow d. literary42. a. targetb. gift c. prisonerd. comedy43. a. what b. where c. howd. who44. a. possiblyb. largelyc. exactlyd. approximately45. a. influencedb. discouragedc. honoredd. overlooked46. a. imitatedb. contactedc. enrichedd. touched47. a. us b. him c. youd. them48. a. threw b. supportedc. bentd. occupied49. a. turned upb. gone out c. died awayd. gone wrong50. a. elected b. consideredc. approvedd. awarded51. a. communityb. periodc. nationalityd. term52. a. for b. underc. towardsd. against53. a. secure b. protect c. distributed. strengthen54. a. bathedb. trappedc. involvedd. blessed55. a. daysb. months c. yearsd. decades第二节 阅读下面材料，用不多于3个单词的正确形式填空（共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分） susan: im so glad to see you, david.1has been such a long time. how are you?david: im fine, and you?susan: im just wonderful. god, time goes by so quickly! are you going to the air quality conference inchicago?david: i am. and im really glad to see you. just last night i found your name in theconference materials, but it didnt come to my 2that we would meet on the plane.susan: im afraid i havent had time to look at3conference materials verycarefully. i had no idea you were coming, but i am certainly glad to see you. i was feeling very nervous about going there 4friends.david: i can imagine. my english has gotten not so fluent since i returned from the states,5im rather nervous myself. but i saw that you6 (give) the most important talk at the conference.susan：7(honest) speaking, im scared to death about it.david: im just giving a talk in one of the workshop sections, and i hope i wont make all of you8(disappoint).susan: but your english is much9(good) than mine.david: but youre now the director of the air quality institute, so you10 know thetechnical terms.susan: maybe. but i still cant understand totally a lot of technical terms in my field.第三部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）【题文】假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处，每处仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。there are many people think that wealth is better than health. i used to thinking so until one day