巷道开挖与支护专业英语词汇.doc

巷道开挖与支护专业英语词汇Chapter 6 Roadway excavation and support1 Roadway section巷道断面掘进 drive, tunnel, excavate平巷掘进Drifting 巷道掘进 roadway excavation平巷掘进 n. drifting沉井，凿井 n. sinking上山掘进 n. raising下山掘进 n. 1）The shape of roadway section断面形状巷道断面形状主要取决于地层条件、服务年限和支护材料。The shape of roadway section depends mainly on strata conditions，the serving life and supporting materials.井筒Shaft , circular大巷Main entry , arched, horseshoe 上山 rise, ladder-shaped, trapezoidal顺槽Gateway , ladder-shaped, trapezoidal2）The size of roadway section断面尺寸巷道断面尺寸主要取决于巷道的用途。The size of roadway section depends mainly on its use.它取决于运输或提升设备或其它设备的尺寸，还要根据通风要求对巷道断面尺寸加以修改。It is dependent on haulage or hoisting equipment or other devices used，and it is modified according to the ventilation requirement.净宽，net width；净高 net height；净断面面积 net section area。2 Roadway excavation in rocks岩巷掘进炮掘，爆破掘进：blasting excavation装岩，除渣：mucking掘进工艺包括主要作业和辅助作业，其中主要作业包括破岩、装岩、运输、支护，辅助作业包括通风、铺设轨道、挖掘排水沟、铺设管线等等。The excavation technique consists of main operations including breaking, loading, haulage and support, and auxiliary work including ventilation, laying the track, digging ditches and laying pipes etc.1）Breaking 破岩打眼放炮是目前应用最广泛的破岩方法。Drilling and blasting is the most widely used method of rock breaking at present.（1）drillingDrill n. 钻机气动轻型钻机，风钻Air-jackleg 气腿式钻机Air-jack leg drill 架式钻机Drifter 钻车，凿岩台车 Jumbo, drill carriage湿式钻进 Wet drilling干式钻进 Dry drilling钻孔 borehole（2）Blasting 爆破炸药：Explosive装药：Load explosive in the borehole, charge起爆：detonate雷管：detonator；电雷管：electric detonator炮眼布置方式：drilling pattern掏槽眼：cut hole辅助眼：auxiliary hole周边眼：trim hole顶眼：roof hole 帮眼：flank hole底眼：Bottom hole起爆顺序：firing sequenceCutauxiliaryroof & flankbottomThe type of explosive used, rock properties, and method of loading and sequence of firing the holes, affect hole depth, diameter, alignment and spacing. 采用的炸药的类型、岩石的特性、装岩方法、各个钻孔的起爆顺序，这些都影响着钻孔深度、直径、排列和间距的确定。A blast round consists of cut, relief, breast, and trim holes.一个爆破炮眼组包括掏槽眼、辅助眼、压眼和边界眼。2）Excavation face ventilation 掘进面通风Fan 风机Air pipe 风筒3）loading and haulage 装岩和运输铲斗装岩机Shovel mucker 耙斗装岩机Scraper mucker 机车矿车Locomotive wagons4）support 支护3 Roadway excavation in coals煤巷掘进1）conventional excavation of coal drift 传统的煤层平巷掘进法Breaking is by means of drilling and blasting.手持式电钻：handheld electric drillloading:hand loading 人工装煤scraper mucker：耙斗装煤机coal loader：装煤机扒抓，蟹抓2 gathering-arms刮板输送机：1 scraper conveyor2）综掘 fully mechanized excavation（1）gateway machine 平巷掘进机组成：掘进头，（boom） cutterhead，cutting head装煤装置：loading mechanism扒抓，蟹抓gathering-arm刮板输送机：scraper conveyorhaulage：皮带输送机：belt stage-loader mechanism履带行走装置：crawler travel mechanism支撑千斤顶：supporting cylinders，用来固定机器other cylinders，control cutterhead 液控箱hydraulic control box操作：操作时，首先驱动履带行走装置，使得切削头碰到煤壁；然后，伸长导向千斤顶和后部千斤顶，支撑到巷道上；这样就固定住了掘进机。然后，切割头在掘进面底部的一侧钻入煤壁。操作水平摆动千斤顶，使切割头割到底部的另外一侧，这就在掘进面底部完成了一刀作业。操作升降千斤顶，使切割头向上割一定距离（切割头的直径），然后用相同的方法再割第二刀。执行这个循环作业，直到割完整个断面。平巷掘进机可以掘出任何形状和尺寸的断面，如圆形、马蹄形、拱形和长方形。Gateway machine can excavate any size and shape of cross section: circular, horseshoe, arched and rectangular.（2）continuous miner 连续采煤机roof bolter 锚杆安装机，锚杆机。The roof bolter is a rubber-tired vehicle used to drill and insert bolts into the roof to support it.锚杆机是一个用来打锚杆眼安装锚杆来支护顶板的机器，它是用胶轮行走的。4 Roadway supporting 巷道支护永久性支护：permanent support临时性支柱：temporary support刚性支护：rigid support柔性支护：yieldable support主动支护：active support被动支护：negetive support类型：（1）木支架：timber support梯形巷道：basic form：1 beam 2 posts基本形式：一梁二柱（2）钢支架：steel rib support梯形巷道：1 beam 2 posts，工字钢：I-steel拱形巷道：U-steel arch yieldable supportU形刚拱形可缩型支架（3）块石或混凝土砌碹：stone or concrete lining直墙拱形：straight-sided arch（4）锚杆支护bolting supportEnhance the self-supporting capability of surrounding rock.提高了围岩的自承能力。喷射混凝土：shotcreting锚喷：bolting and shotcreting锚网：bolting and metal mesh锚索：anchored cable锚注：bolting and injectingThe length of time the rock safely can be left unsupported will greatly effect the overall drifting-operation cycle.岩石开挖后无支护而且安全的时间长度，即拱桥作用的时间，对于整个平