高一英语教案下学期unit20重、难点讲解.doc

Unit 20本单元重、难点讲解1In England，who can marry couples in church? 在英国，谁能够在教堂里结为夫妇主持婚礼呢？marry用作及物动词，意为“嫁、娶；把女儿嫁给某人；（指牧师或官员）为（双方）主持婚礼。”此时marry是终止性动词，不能与一般时间连用，也不能和to连用。如：My brother married a neighbours daughter.我哥哥娶了一位邻居家的女儿。Mr Brown wanted to marry his daughter to a rich man.布朗先生要把他的女儿嫁给一个有钱的人。 marry用作不及物动词，意为“结婚”，也是终止性动词，有时和副词、形容词连用。如：John married young. 约翰早婚。She married late in life. 她很晚才结婚。在非正式文体中，“结婚”常用be/get married（to sb），get married表示动作，be married表示状态，其中to不能换成with.如：She got married to a man from her hometown. 她同一位同乡结了婚。Bettys parents have been married for more than 25 years.贝蒂的父母结婚已经25年多了。couple意为“一对男女；夫妇”，作主语时，谓语动词多用单数，若强调个体，有时也视为复数。如：The young couple seems（seem）to be happy.这对年轻人看起来很快乐。a couple of有两种含义。一种作“两个”，另一种作“几个、数个”。如：They keep a couple of dogs. 他们养了两条狗。They stayed there for a couple of days.他们在那呆了几天。2How close to each other did the man and the woman live? 这位男士和女士相互居住得有多近？ close to意为“离很近；在附近；几乎”。如：The British dont like to stand close to each other.英国人不喜欢站立时离得很近。Its close to five oclock now. Lets have a rest.现在快5点钟了，咱们休息一下吧！close与closely的辨析close与closely皆为副词，但有区别。close意为“接近地，靠近地”，表示具体的概念；close多用来修饰由介词引导的短语。closely意为“仔细地，密切地”，常表达抽象的概念，它多用来修饰动词和过去分词。如：Everyone felt that his words hit close to home.大家都认为他的话击中了要害。This problem is closely connected with that one.这个问题与那个问题有密切的联系。3I would like to reach a wide audience，though I mostly have adults in mind. 我想影响广大的观众，虽然我主要想着成年人。would like（= would love/ should like）常用来表示有礼貌的请求或表示个人意愿，意为“想要、愿意”，其后常接名词、代词、动词不定式或含有动词不定式的复合结构。如；Would you like a cup of coffee?Would you like to help me with the washing up?Would you like me to have a look at your new dictionary?audience属于集合名词。意为“听众、观众、读者”，以整体考虑时视为单数，而重点放在个人时，则视为复数。如：The audience was/ were fascinated by her beautiful song.听众被她那美妙的歌声迷住了。The program is said to have an audience of over two million.据说那个节目拥有二百万以上的观众。mostly意为“主要地、大部分地”，无比较等级形式，只用作副词而不能用作形容词。如：Our weather has been mostly warm. 我们这里的气候多数情况下都很暖和。4Still，I do not think everybody will find my kind of humour funny. 但我还是认为并非所有人都会觉得我这类幽默好笑。still用作副词，意为“尽管如此；然而；但还是”。如：He has treated you badly；still，he is your brother and you should help him.他待你很不好，但他终归是你的兄弟，你应该帮助他。Although she felt ill，she still went to work.她虽然觉得身体不舒服，但仍然去上班了。注意本句英汉表达的区别。英语中有些动词，如：think，believe，expect，suppose，feel，quess，imagine等。当它们后面接一个具有否定意义的宾语从句时，通常要把主句的动词变为否定式，而宾语从句中的谓语动词用肯定形式。这种现象称为否定转移。在反疑疑问句中，若陈述部分是第一人称，think等词用一般现在时，则疑问部分需与从句中的主语和谓语保持一致，否则要与主句的主语和谓语保持一致。如：I dont believe what he said is true，is it?我认为他说的不是真话。I dont think its going to rain tomorrow，is it?我想明天不会下雨，对吗？You dont think I have made mistakes，do you?你并不认为我犯了什么错误，是吗？5Jokes about speaking a foreign language，German for example，always works.有关说外国话的笑话，比如说德语，总是能引人发笑。work表示“产生预期的结果或作用”的意思，是不及物动词，指计划、办法等。获得所希望的结果。如：Did the cleaning fluid work（on that stain）?这种洗涤剂（对那块污斑）管用吗？My plan worked，and I got them to agree.我的想法奏效了，我让他们同意了。Stories always work with children. 对孩子而言，故事总是管用的。6Cross-dressing men or women often appear on the stage.穿异性服装的男演员或女演员经常亮相舞台。appear意为“出现，呈现”，用作不及物动词，不能用于被动语态，其反义词为disappear.如：A rainbow appeared in the sky after the rain. 雨后天空出现彩虹。We expected him at seven but he didnt appear until eight.我们期待他7点会来，但他到8点才出现。appear还可作“似乎，好像，显得”，不用于进行时。如：You dont appear to care much for music.你好像不怎么喜欢音乐。（appear to do sth.）she appears （to be）an honest girl.她似乎是个诚实的女孩。（appear to be n / adj）appear，look ，seem的辨析appear指根据事物的表面现象而提出的判断，暗含事实往往并非如此。look指凭视觉印象而做出的判断，实际上也可能如此。seem是指暗含有一定根据，往往接近事实的判断，是强调内心的感受，它们之后都可以接名词、形容词，to be不定式等结构。7The actors make us laugh by making fun of somebodys way of dressing or telling an amusing story.表演者通过取笑某人的着装方式，讲述有趣的故事，引我们发笑。make sb. do sth.的意思是“使某人做某事”，其中的do sth.为不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，这一结构变为被动结构时，原来的宾语变成了主语，宾语补足语变成了主语补足语，这时的不定式要带to，除make外，see，hear等动词也可接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。例如：A funny movie often makes us laugh. 滑稽的影片常逗得我们捧腹大笑。介词by与动名词或名词连用，表示方式、手段或原因，意为“通过，凭借，因为”。如：He caught a cold by playing soccer in the rain.他在雨中踢足球而感冒了。Dont judge a person by appearance. 不要以貌取人。by多用于动作，表示通过做什么事情以取得预期的结果。with多用于一件东西、工具等，表示我们用的是什么工具。如：He got what he wanted by talking very cleverly.他话说得很乘巧，因而得到了他想要的东西。He got what he wanted with flowers and chocolates.他靠花束和巧克力糖得到了他想要得到的东西。an amusing story意为“一个好笑的故事”，amusing是现在分词作定语。此外，动名词也可作定语，其区别为：现在分词作定语，它与所修饰的名词之间在逻辑上存在着主谓关系，表示这个名词的动作，可改写成一个定语从句；动名词作定语通常表示它所修饰的名词的用途，可改写成一个for短语，二者不存在逻辑上的主谓关系。试比较：a sleeping boy（= a boy who is sleeping）一个睡着的男孩a sleeping car（= a car for sleeping）一辆卧车8Today students of English，even if English is their mother tongue，cannot understand his jokes.今天，学英语的学生，即使英语是他们的母语，也无法理解他的笑话。even if相当于even though，意为“即使；尽管”如：We will go，even if it rains. 即使下雨，我们也要走。He will come，even if he is ill. 即使病了，他也会来的。Even though it is hard work，I enjoy it. 尽管很难，我喜欢这件事。9Another type of people whose job is to make people laugh are comedians.另一种类型的使人发笑的专业人员就是喜剧演员。type意为“类型，样式”，type of后的名词通常不加冠词。如：what type of blood is yours? 你是什么血型？She isnt my type of woman. 她不是我喜欢的那种类型的女人。kind，sort，type的辨析kind特指性质相同，且有极相似之特征，比较笼统、模糊，而sort指大体相似的东西，它们常被通用；type指“型，类型”等，比较具体和肯定。这三个词之后多接单数名词。如：this kind of car或cars of this kind.10What comedians have in common with the players in a comedy is their way of playing with words.滑稽演员与喜剧演员，共同点在于说话玩弄辞藻。（have）in common（with）意为“（和）有共同之处，（和）一样”例如：I havent a thing in common with my father.我与父亲没有共同之处。In common with most young people he hates getting up in the morning.他跟大多数年轻人一样，早晨不愿起床。out of the common异乎寻常，不平常。例如：He had noticed nothing out of the common.他没有发现异乎寻常的事。10A few minutes later everybody is quiet，listening and thinking about the comedians words.过了几分钟，大家都安静下来，听着台词陷入沉思。listening and thinking是现在分词作伴随状语，表示同步于句子谓语的动作。例如：Singing a pop song in a low voice，the girl came into the yard.这姑娘低声哼着流行歌曲，走进了院子。The old man sat by the window，reading a newspaper.老人坐在窗边，读着报纸。11Typical for China is the crosstalk show，where a pair of comedians entertain the audience with word play.中国喜剧的典型是相声，两个滑稽演员通过玩弄辞藻来逗乐观众。这是一句倒装句，其主语是the crosstalk show，typical是形容词，作表语。原来句子顺序是The crosstalk show，is typical for China.但由于show后面跟了一句较长的非限制性定语从句，整个句子结构不平衡，所以把表语和系动词前置。12Dating back to the Qing Dynasty，the traditional crosstalk shows，xiangsheng shows，have made people all over China roar