中考英语语法讲解资料及练习第18讲被动语态复习_ABC.doc

中考英语语法讲解资料及练习第18讲被动语态复习_ABC清华大学英语系测试：为中小学生英语量身定做.官方网站：/ 清华大学英语教授研究组提供中考英语语法讲解资料及练习 第18讲 被动语态复习 ABC A熟记结构 被动语态的结构为“助动词be及物动词的过去分词（pp）”。被动语态的不同时态是通过be的时态变化来表示的，其人称和数方面应与主语保持一致。其具体变化为： 一般现在时：amisarepp 一般过去时：waswerepp 一般将来时：shall will be pp 现在完成时：have has been pp 现在进行时：amisarebeingpp 过去将来时：should would be pp 含情态动词的被动结构：情态动词bepp例如： Chinese _ by the largest number of people Aspeak Bis speaking Cspeaks Dis spoken （选D。考查一般现在时的被动语态） The boy _ to get supper ready after school Awere told Bis telling Cwas told Dtells （选C。考查一般过去时的被动语态） A lot of new roads _ built in the west of China Amust Bmust be Chas Dhave （选B。考查含情态动词的被动语态） B明确用法 被动语态常用于以下两种情况： 1不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者； 2强调动作的承受者。例如： 这棵树是那个男孩弄断的。 The tree _ _ by that boy （填was broken） C熟练转换 1将主动语态变被动语态的基本方法为： 将主动语态的宾语作被动语态的主语； 谓语动词变为“be及物动词的过去分词”，并通过be的变化来表达出不同的时态； 主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后。（有时by短语可以省略）。 2被动语态的一般疑问句是将一个助动词置于主语之前；否定句是在第一个助动词后加not；特殊疑问句的语序为：疑问词一般疑问句。例如： You must throw the broken pottery away at once The broken pottery _ _ _ _ at once（同义句） （填m ust be thrown away） Where did they grow vegetables？（改为被动语态） Where _ vegetables _ ？（填were；grown） D注意特例 将主动语态变被动语态应注意几个特殊情况： 1含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时，有两种方法： 将间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语保持不变； 将直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语用介词to或for引导。例如： He told us a story（变被动语态） We were told a story（by him）或：A story was told to us by him Her mother gave her a new pen（变被动语态） A new pen _ _ _ her by her mother （填was given to） 2短语动词的被动语态：在变为被动语态时，要将短语动词视为一个整体，其后的介词或副词不能省去。例如： This dictionary mustnt _ from the library Atake away Btaken away Care taken away Dbe taken away D She will take good care of the children（变被动语态） The children will _ _ _ _ _ （by her） （填be taken good care of） 3含有复合宾语的主动结构变被动结构时，通常将宾语变为被动句的主语，而宾语补足语就成为主语补足语。注意：省略to的不定式作宾补时，不定式符号to必须补上。例如： Someone saw him swim in Qianling Lake yesterday（变被动语态） He _ _ _ swim in Qianling Lake yesterday （填was seen to） 4不定式的被动结构：动词不定式的被动语态为“to be 过去分词”。例如： The radio says a wild animal zoo is to _ in our city Abe building Bbuild Cbe built Dbuilt C 5以疑问代词开头的疑问句转换成被动句时要注意词序：应将主动句中的疑问代词改为介词by的宾语，但仍然放在句子开头。例如： Who has broken the cup？（改为被动语态） By whom has the cup been broken？ E注意区别 被动语态和过去分词作表语的区别： 1）含义不同：被动语态强调动作，重点说明动作由谁完成、怎样完成；而过去分词作表语通常用来描写情景，叙述人或事物的特征及所处的状态。试比较： The window is broken窗子破了。（系表结构） The window is broken by him窗子被他打破了。（被动语态） 2）用法不同：过去分词作表语时可以被 so，very，too等程度副词修饰，而被动语态则不能用so，very，too修饰，而需用much，very much，so much，too much修饰。试比较： He was very interested in science他对科学有极大兴趣。（系表结构） I was so much surprised at the scene that I didnt know what to do我被那种场面搞得大吃一惊，不知所措。（被动语态） F牢记（相关）句型 初中教材中与被动语态相关的句型有： 1be covered with被覆盖 2be made of由制作（发生物理变化） be made from由制作（发生化学变化） be made in由（某地）制造 be made by被（某人）制造 3be used for被用来 be used as被当作（作为）来使用 be used to do sth被用来做某事 4It is said that据说 It is hoped that希望 It is well known that众所周知例如： Your coat looks niceIs it _ cotton？ YesIts Shanghai Amade of；made by Bmade of；made in Cmade for；made by Dmade for；made in B This machine is used _ the room wet Afor keeping Bas keeping Ckeep Dto keeping A 据说在南京长江上又在建一座桥。 _ _ _ that _ _ is being _ over the Changjiang River in Nanjing （填It is said；another bridge；built） 状语从句练习【练习一】1( ) 1 The meeting didnt start_ everyone was there.A. because B. until C. why D. if( ) 2 The boy _ to bed _ his mother came in.A. went not; until B. didnt go; after C. went; until D. didnt go; until ( ) 3 I wont believe you_ I have seen it with my own eyes.A. before B. until C. after D. when( ) 4 He _ home _ she was satisfied _ his answer yesterday. A. didnt go; until; with B. wasnt go; after; to C. doesnt go; before; with D. didnt go; until; to( ) 5 He _ back until the work _ done.A. isnt; will be B. isnt; is C. wont be; will be D. wont be; is( ) 6 They didnt start the work _ their teacher came back.A. until B. while C. as soon as D. if2( ) 1 Tom will call me as soon as he _ Shanghai.A. arrives B. will reach C. arrives in D. get to( ) 2 Im sure hell come to see me before he _ Beijing.A. will leave B. is leaving C. leave D. leaves( ) 3 I will tell him the news as soon as he_ back. A. come B. comes C. will come D. came3( ) 1 Tom has got a watch. He _ it for two years. It _ by his father.A. has bought; was bought B. has got; is bought ,C. was bought; has bought . D. has had; was bought ( ) 2 When he got to the station, the train _.A. left B. had left C. leaves D. has left( ) 3 The boy told his father what he _ in the street.A. saw B. have seen C. had seen D. see( ) 4 We _ TV when the telephone _.A. watched; was ringing B. were watching; rang C. watch; rings D. are watching; rang ( ) 5 By the end of last term, I_ ten books.A. had finished reading B. have finish reading C. had finish to read D. finish read4( ) 1 I _ you for a long time. Where _ you _?A. didnt see; did; go B. didnt see; have; goneC. havent seen; have; been D. havent seen; have; gone( ) 2 Tom_ China for 3 years.A. has been B. has been in C. has been to D. has been at( ) 3 I wont go to see the film tonight, because I _ my ticket.A. lost B. have lost C. will lose D. didnt lose( ) 4 -Hello! May I speak to Bob?-Sorry, but he _ for a month.A. had been away B. was left C. left D. has been away( ) 5 I _ him since I began to live in the city.A. know B. have known C. knew D. will know( ) 6 Zhao Lan _ already _ in this school for two years.A. was; studying B. will; study C. has; studied D. are; studying5( ) 1 Betty didnt go to see the film yesterday _ she was ill.A. because B. but C. until D. if( ) 2 May I sit nearer_I can see more clearly?A. as if B. so that C. even if D. so( ) 3 _ you work hard, you will certainly succeed.A. Though B. If C. Because D. For( ) 4 _ he came to study in the university, he has made much progress in the study of English.A. While B. When C. Since D. After( ) 5 Id like to go swimming _ the water is not too cold.A. for B. unless C. if D. whether6( ) 1 There are _ many league members in class 2 _ in Class 4.A. both; and B. so; that C. either; or D. as; as( ) 2 -Do you have a big library?-No, we dont. At least, not_yours.A. as big as B. as big than C. as bigger than D. bigger as( ) 3 Suzhou is not _ beautiful _ Hangzhou.A. as; than B. so; as C. even; than D. /; than( ) 4 Iron is more useful _ any other metal.A. as B. than C. then D. so7( ) 1 I want to know _ she is going to see a film.A. if B. that C. what D. which( ) 2 You are sure to pass the exam _ you study hard.A. if B. thoughC. that D. since( ) 3 Ill go to see the film with you_I have time this evening.A. whether B. so C. if D. when( ) 4 _ you study harder, youll never pass the final exam.A. If B. Until C. Unless D. Except8( ) 1 Although it was raining, -still worked in the fields.A. but they B. and they C. they D. and yet they( ) 2 _ there were only five soldiers left at the front, _ they went on fighting.A. Because; so B. If; and C. Though; but D. Though; /( ) 3 _ she is very old, _ she can still work eight hours a day.A. Because; so B. Though; but C. As; yet D. Though; yet9( ) 1 Please answer the question in a loud enough voice _ all the class may hear.A. so, that B. or C. in order that D. and( ) 2 Lift it up_I may see it.A. though B. so that C. as D. than( ) 3 I hurried_I wouldnt be late for class.A. so B. so that C. if D. unless( ) 4 We should go by bus _ we can get there earlier.A. as soon as B. where C. in order that D. as10( ) 1 The dictionary is so expensive _ I cant buy it.A. because B. when C. that D. if( ) 2 I got there _ late _ I didnt see him.A. too; to B. such; that C. so; that D. so; as( ) 3 It is _ hot in the room _ we have to go out for a walk.A. such; that B. so; that C. as; as D. such; as( ) 4 He has_ an interesting book that we want to read it.A. so B. such C. the same D. as参考答案：1. 1-6 B D B A D A2. 1-3 C D B3. 1-5 D B C B A4. 1-6 C B B D B C5. 1-5 A B B C C6. 1-4 D A B B7. 1-4 A A C C8. 1-3 C D D9. 1-4 C B B C10. 1-4 C C B B【练习二】1. 时间状语从句2. 条件状语从句3. 原因状语从句4. 结果状语从句5. 比较状语从句6. 目的状语从句7. 让步状语从句8. 地点状语从句【名师点睛】：用来修饰主句中的动词，副词和形容词的从句叫状语从句。根据其含义状语从句可分为时间状语从句，地点状语从句，条件状语从句， 原因状语从句，结果状语从句，比较状语从句，目的状语从句，让步状语从句。1. 时间状语从句(1)时间状语从句常用when, as, while, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as等连词来引导。例如：It was raining hard when got to school yesterday.While he was doing his homework, the telephone rang.As he walked along the lake, he sang happily.He had learned a little Chinese before he came to China.After he finished middle school, he went to work in a factory.(2)在时间状语从句里，通常不用将来时态，用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如：Ill ring you up as soon as I get to New York.I will tell him everything when he comes back.He wont believe it until he sees it with his own eyes.(3)在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句里，如果主句用肯定式，其含义是“一直到时”，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式，其含义是“直到才”, “在以前不”, 谓语动词可用瞬间动词。例如：The young man read till the light went out.Lets wait until the rain stops.We wont start until Bob comes.Dont get off until the bus stops.2. 条件状语从句(1)条件状语从句通常由if, unless引导。例如：What shall we do if it snows tomorrow?Dont leave the building unless I tell you to.(2)在条件状语从句里，谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如：Ill help you with your English if am free tomorrow.He wont be late unless he is ill.(3)“祈使句 + and (or)+ 陈述句” 在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。例如：Hurry up, or youll be late.=If you dont hurry up, youll be late.Study hard and you will pass the exam.=If you study hard, you will pass the exam.3. 原因状语从句(1)原因状语从句通常由because, since, as引导。例如：He didnt come to school because he was ill.As it is raining, we shall not go the zoo.Since you cant answer the question, Ill ask someone else.(2)because表示直接原因，语气最强。Because引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后。回答由why提出的问题，只能用because。As和since语气较弱，一般用来表示明显的原因。由as和since引导的原因状语从居多放在句首。例如：-Why arent going there?-Because I dont want to.As he has no car, he cant get there easily.Since we have no money, we cant buy it.(3)because和so不能同用在一个句子里。实例解析】1. (2004年北京市海淀区中考试题) You will stay healthy _ you do more exercise, such as running and walking. A. if B. how C. before D. where 答案：A。该题考查的是引导状语从句的从属连词的选择。从意思上看，从句应是一个条件状语从句，在这四个选项中只有if能引导条件状语从句，所以选A。2. (2004年江西省中考试题) -Shall we go on working? -Yes, _ I prefer to have a rest. A. when B. if C. because D. though 答案：D。该题考查的是引导状语从句的从属连词的选择。从意思上看，只有选though才能说得通。3. (2004年徐州市中考试题) None of us knew what had happened _ they told us about it. A. when B. until C. after D. though 答案：B。该题考查的是引导状语从句的从属连词选择。本句的意思是“在以前我们没人知道这件事。”要表达着一意思应用“notuntil” 这一句型。4. (2004年泉州市中考试题) -I hope youll enjoy your trip, dear! -Thank you, mum. Ill give you a call _ I get there. A. until B. as soon as C. since D. till 答案：B。该题考查的是引导状语从句的从属连词的选择。本题的意思是“一到那里，我就给你打电话。”要表达这个意思应选用as soon as。【中考演练】一. 单项填空1. _ hes old, he can still carry this heavy bag. A. Though B. Since C. For D. So2. -Do you know if he _ to play basket ball with us? -I think he will come if he _ free tomorrow. A. comes; is B. comes; will be C. will come; is D. will come; will be3. In the zoo if a child _ into the water and cant swim, the dolphins may come up _ him. A. will fall; to help B. falls; to help C. will fall; help D. falls; helping4. I dont remember _ he worked in that city when he was young. A. what B. which C. where D. who5. We will stay at home if my aunt _ to visit us tomorrow. A. comes B. come C. will come D. is coming6. The police asked the children _ cross the street _ the traffic lights turned green. A. not; before B. dont; when C. not to; until D. not; after7. I was late for class yesterday _ there was something wrong with my bike. A. when B. that C. until D. because8. Ill go swimming with you if I _ free tomorrow. A. will be B. shall be C. am D. was9. In the exam, the _ you are, _ the _ mistakes you will make. A. careful; little B. more careful; fewest C. more careful; fewer D. more careful; less10. You should finish your lessons _ you go out to play. A. before B. after C. when D. while11. I hurried _ I wouldnt be late for class. A. since B. so that C. as if D. unless12. When you read the book, youd better make a mark _ you have any questions. A. which B. that C. where D. though13. The teacher raised his voice _ all the students could hear him. A. for B. so that C. because D. in order14. He took off his coat _ he felt hot. A. because B. as C. if D. since15. It is _ that wed like to go out for a walk. A. a lovely day B. too lovely a day C. so lovely a day D. such lovely a day16. Mary had _ much work to do that she stayed at her office all day. A. such B. so C. too D. very17. _ I felt very tired, I tried to finish the work. A. Although B. Because C. As D. As if18. _ the day went on, the weather got worse. A. With B. Since C. While D. As19. _ well you can drive, you must drive carefully. A. So long as B. In order that C. No matter how D. The moment20. Write to me as soon as you _ to Beijing. A. will get B. get C. getting D. got二. 根据中文意思完成下列英语句子1. 不管他跟我开什么玩笑，我都不生气。 I am not angry with him, _ _ _ jokes he _ on me.2. 布鲁斯太太对学生非常亲切，以至于学生把她当作母亲。 Mrs. Bruce was _ kind to her students _ they _ her _ their mother.3. 只要我们竭尽全力，父母就会满意我们的表现。 Our parents will be pleased with our performance _ _ _ we try our best.4. 你一到上海就给我打个电话好吗？ Will you please call me _ _ _ you get to Shanghai.5. 这个七岁的女孩酷爱钢琴，以至于他已经坚持练习两年了。 The seven-year-old girl likes playing the piano _ _ _ she has kept practicing for two years.6. 虽然她很忙，他还坚持自学英语。 _ _ _ _, she kept on learning English by herself.7. 他长大后相当一名记者。 He wants to be a journalist _ _ _ _.8. 无论刮风下雨，我们的老师总是第一个到校。_ _ windy or rainy, our teacher is always the first to get to school.9. 如果人人为保护环境做出贡献，世界将会变得更美好。 _ _ _ _ _ to protecting the environment, the world will become much more beautiful.10. 李明昨天没来上学，因为他病了。 Li Ming didnt come to school _ _ _ _.【练习答案】一. 1.A 2.C 3.B 4.C 5.A 6.C 7.D 8.C 9.C 10.A 11.B 12.C 13.B 14.A 15.C 16.B 17.A 18.D 19.C 20.B二. 1. no matter what; plays 2.so; that; regarded; as 3. as long as 4. as long as 5. so much that 6. Though she was busy 7. when he grows up 8.Whether its 9. If everyone makes a contribution 10. because he was ill之三I. 填入适当的引导词 1. I havent heard from him _ he went to America.2. He wont be here _ he is invited.3. He will not go to the cinema _ he is very busy.4. We found the key _ she lad left it.5. We found the books two days _ he had gone away.6. We had no sooner got to the station _ the train left.7. He speaks English _ he were an Englishman.8. He is explaining clearly _ they could understand.9. Do not leave the room _ you have finished the test.10. She sang _ she went along.II. 改错1. The children were running on the playground as fast as they can.2. Since her husband had died，so she had to supporther family.3. He wont go out until his mother will come.4. He was very foolish that he didnt pass such an easy exam.5. Tom had gone out as soon as his mother got home.6. It was three months since he came to our school.7. The playground of our school is larger than their school.8. The streets in Nanjing are wider than Shanghai.9. Whatever there is plenty of sun and rain，the fields are green.10. She sings songs as if she is a bird.III. 找出从句并指出是那类从句1. It depends on whether we have enough time.2. The question he asked was where the electrical equipment should be stored.3. The mountain is no longer what it used to be.4. The fact that she works hard is well known to us all.5. He was not the man that he was before.6. Now you was free，why not go swimming with us？7. Where there are schools and colleges，there are examinations.8. Bad habits，once firmed，are difficult to give up.9. She often wears the same kind of skirt as her twin sister does.10. The moment he opened the window，a bird flew in.IV. 填入适当的引导词完成句子1. _ will do the experiment comes to the professors office.2. _ will do the experiment hasnt been decided.3. The teacher didnt leave _ twelve oclock.4. _ the day went on，the weather got worse.5. _ she is young，she knows quite a lot.6. It worried her a bit _ her h