英语定语从句讲解.doc

The Relative ClauseThe first Period限制性定语从句一：概念: 在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语句。u There are experts who think that we need to eat meat.u He was Raoul, a young man who loved Christine.1. 先行词：被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句一般紧跟先行词。2. 定语从句有关系代词who, whom, whose, which, that 和关系副词when, where, why等引导。3. 关系代词和关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间， 起联系作用，同时又作定语从句的一个成分。二：关系代词的用法1. who：指人，在定语从句中作主语The woman who is talking with Tom is a doctor.u The woman is a doctor.u She is talking with Tom.u Do you know the boy who is standing there?2. Whom: 指人，作宾语，在限制性定语从句中可省略。The young writer (whom) we visited last Saturday has left for Paris.u The young writer has left for Paris.u We visited him last Saturday.u The man (whom) you met at the party is a famous professor.3. Whose: 指人或物，在定语从句中作定语。u The boy whose sister is a singer sings well.u The classroom whose windows face south is large and bright.u I saw a woman whose bag was stolen.u Please show me the book whose cover is red.4.Which: 指物，在定语从句中作主语和宾语，作宾语时在限制性定语从句中可省略。u The pen which lies on the desk is mine.u The necklace (which) she lost yesterday was a birthday gift from her mother.u This is the book (which)I like best.u Do you know the factory (which)my father works in?5. That: 多指物， 也可指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可以省略。u She showed me the picture that was interesting.u Who is the girl that is standing over there?u The money (that) my mother gave me yesterday has been stolen. u The man (that)I talked with a moment ago is our headmaster.三：关系副词的用法 1. When： 指时间， 在定语从句中作时间状语。u I clearly remember the day when we first met.u Well never forget the day when we joined the army.Cf. Well never forget the day (that /which) we spent together.2. where: 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。u This is the hospital where my mother works.u We visited the house where Lu Xun once lived.Cf. This is the place (which/that)we visited last week.3. why: 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。u Tell me the reason why you were late.Cf. This is the reason (which/that)he told us a moment ago.四：指人，宜用who， 不用that的1 先行词为one, ones, anyoneu The ones who tell lies should be punished.u Anyone who wants to go there should gather here.2. 先行词为 those, he u Those who want to go to see the film raise your hands please.u He who has never been to the Great Wall is not a real man. 3. 一个句子中有两个定语从句， 其中一个用that，另一个用whou The boy that you met last night is the person who invited me to see a film.4. There be 开头的句子 u There is an old man who wants to see you.五：指物，用that，不用which1 当先行词由形容词最高级修饰时u This is the tallest building that I have ever seen.u This book is the best one that has been punished. 2 当先行词由序数词修饰时u This is the first novel that I read.u The last train that left here was at 11:00p.m.3 当先行词由only，no，very修饰时u This is the only book that interests me.u There is no difficulty that we cant overcome.u This is the very dictionary that I want to buy.4. 当先行词为 something, anything, nothing, everything, no, little, all等不定代词时， 只能用thatu Is there anything that I can do for you?u There was little that I could do for you.u All that glitters is not gold.5. 当先行词既指人，又指物时u Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?u They are talking about the school and students that they visited.u I will never forget the man and things that I saw.6. 不重复原则u Who that has seen the lovely boy doesnt like him?u Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting?u Which is the book that you like?u Whats that which you want to say?六：介词和关系代词的用法关系代词whom, which在定语从句中作介词宾语从句时，可以跟介词一起放在主句和从句之间；为了使关系代词紧跟它所修饰的先行词，也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面。介词+which/whomu I want to find the pen with which I wrote that letter.Or I want to find the pen (which/that) I wrote that letter.u In the dark street, there wasnt a single person to whom she could turn for help.Or In the dark street, there wasnt a single person (whom/that/who) she could turn to for help.u This is the hotel where we stayed at the hotel.Or. This is the hotel at which we stayed .Or This is the hotel which we stayed at. 但是含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在动词后面。u Is this the book which you are looking for?u The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy.Notice:One of + 复数名词+关系代词+谓语动词（复）The (only) one of +复数名词+关系代词+谓语动词（单）u He is one of the actors who are my favorite. Cf. He is the one of the actors who is my favorite.u Titanic is one of the most wonderful movies that have been produced in Hollywood.Cf. Titanic is the (only) one of the most wonderful movies that has been produced in Hollywood.非限制性定语从句一： 非限制性定语从句和限制性定语从句的区别1 限制性定语从句是主句中的先行词不可缺少的定语，如省去，主句的意思就不完整或没有意义。非限制性定语从句只是对先行词的附加说明，如省去， 主句的意思仍完整。u All these books, which there are beautiful pictures in, were written by him.Cf. This is the only work that I can do at the moment.2. 限制性定语从句与主句之间不能用逗号隔开，非限制性定语从句与主句之间一般用逗号隔开。u Last week I read a very good novel ,which was about the Anti-Japanese War.Cf. This is the best novel that I have ever read.3. 限制性定语从句修饰的是名词或代词，非限制性定语从句不但可以修饰名词或代词，而且可以修饰整个主句。u They have invited me to dinner, which is very kind of them.Cf. He told me all that had happened.4. 非限制性定语从句不能使用关系代词that，也不能省略任何关系代词或关系副词。u His dog, which was very old ,became ill and died.u Her teacher, whom we saw the day before yesterday, has completed thirty years of teaching.二 非限制性定语从句引导词所起的作用与限制性定语从句相同三 在专有名词前一般要用非限制性定语从句。u Yesterday I happened to see Mr. Smith, who was going to leave for home.u Last Sunday they reached Qingdao, where a meeting was to be held.l 表示唯一性u He has a brother, who is an actor.u His father, who flew to Paris, has just returned.关系代词as的用法1. 主句中有such和the same，关系代词用asu He is not a such man as would leave his work half done.u I hope to get such a tool as he is using.u My home town isnt such a place as it was ten years ago.u This is the same dictionary as