高中英语语法讲解--虚拟语气.doc

高中英语语法讲解-虚拟语气1. 语气的定义和种类（1）语气的定义语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。（2）语气的种类A. 陈述语气表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。We are not ready.Did it rain all day yesterday?What a fine day today！B. 祈使语气表使说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。Be careful.Dont forget to close the window.Open the door, please.C. 虚拟语气表使动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。2. 虚拟语气（1）辨别if 引导真实条件句和if引导的虚拟条件句的区别If he has time, he will go with us.= Probably he has time and will go with us.If he had time, he would go with us.=But in fact he has no time.（2）虚拟条件句中主句和从句的谓与动词构成形式如下表if条件句中的谓与动词主句的谓与动词与现在的事实相反1. 行为动词用did 形式2. be动词用wereshouldwouldcould + 动词原形might 与过去的事实相反had + doneshouldwouldcould + have + donemight与将来的事实相反1. 行为动词用did2. should + 动词原形3. were to + 动词原形shouldwouldcould + 动词原形might （3）混合时间的虚拟语气如果条件句中的动作和主句的动作不是同时发生，主句和从句的谓语动词的形式应分别根据各自所表示的时间加以调整。1. If I had received the passport yesterday, I would start today.2. If he had telephoned me last night, I would see him now.3. If he had followed the doctors advice, he would be all right now.4. If China had not been liberated, the working people would still be leading a miserable life.5. If he had listened to me, he _ be in such trouble now.A. haventB. would notC. had notD. would havent答案：5. B（4）should/ could / might/ ought to + have done 表示“过去本应该/可以做而实际上却没做”neednt have done 表示“过去没必要作而实际上做了”1. Wang Fang _ college last year. Unfortunately, he couldnt take the examinations because of a sudden illness.A. could go B did goC. could have goneD. must have gone2. The plant is dead. I _ it more water.A. will giveB. would have goneC. must giveD. should have gone3. I could have done better if I _ more time.A. have hadB. hadC. had hadD. will have had4. He _ told you that.A. needs not haveB. neednt haveC. neednt hasD. will have had5. You _ it to your father. Why not？ A. would tellB. should tellC. would have toldD. should have told6. Even if you had not been able to come last week, you _ us know.A. shall have letB. had letC. have had letD. should have let答案：16 CDCBDD（5）虚拟语气中的倒装句如果虚拟语气的条件从句谓语动词中含有were, had, could, should，有时可将if省去，而将条件从句的主语置于were, had, should, could 之后。Had you invited us, we would have come to your party.Were I you, I would do more practice after class.Could she lend us a helping hand, she would do so.1. _ he would have succeeded in the examination.A. Had he worked hardB. If he worked hardC. If he works hardD. If he has worked hard2. _ it rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.A. ShouldB. BeC. WereD. Will3. _, he would teach us how to solve the problem.A. Were he hereB. Was he hereC. If he isD. Is he here4. _, we should be glad.A. Were they to arrive tomorrowB. They were to arrive tomorrowC. They would arrive tomorrowD. They arrive tomorrow5. _ the clouds, you would find the airplane in the sky easily.A .Were it not forB. If it had not been forC. If it were not D. Had it not been for答案：15 AAAAA （6）wish 后面的宾语从句的谓语动词应使用虚拟语气， 表示“可惜；.就好了； 悔不该； 但愿。”主句谓语从句谓语wish时态谓语动词的形式现在时表示与wish同时发生动词用过去时be动词用were过去时表示在wish之前发生的动作动词用had donebe用had been将来时表示在wish之后发生的动作动词用would do; should dobe 用 would be ; should be1. I wish I knew the key to the answer.2. I wish I were ten years younger.3. I wish that I had gone to the football match last week.4. I wish that you had been here yesterday.5. He wishes that we would visit the old school.6. How I wish these boys would be quiet.7. I wish I _ you yesterday.A. sawB. did seeC. had seenD. were to see8. Have you visited the Science Museum?No, but I really wish I _.A. willB. haveC. didD. had9. I wish that the rain _ stop.A. willB. wouldC mayD. can答案：79 CDB（7）表示命令或建议动词suggest, insist, propose, desire, demand, request, order, command 后的宾语从句中应使用虚拟 should +动词原形； should 不可用would 来替代; 主句所使用的动词时态不限。1. The teacher insisted that every student _ every other line.A. writesB. writeC. would writeD. wrote2. Jacks father insists _ in this hotel.A. not stayingB not to stayC. that he not stayD. staying not3. They insisted that you _ them a quick answer.A. should giveB. gaveC. must giveD. would give4. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody _ the rules.A. obeysB. obeyC. will obeyD. would obey答案：14 BCAB（8）suggest 为“建议去做; 命令”从句用should + do为“ 说明； 暗示”, 从句用过去时或过去完成时。1. The doctor suggested that I should take the medicine three times a day.2. The doctor suggested that my grandmother had caught a bad cold.3. The expression on her face suggests that she knew the secret.4. They suggested that these books _ at once.A. should take awayB. would be taken awayC. be taken awayD. take away5. I suggested a meeting _ to discuss the matter.A. will be heldB. would be heldC. should holdD. be held6. His silence at the meeting suggested _ to your plan.A. didnt agreeB. hadnt agreedC. wouldnt agreeD. shouldnt agree答案：46 CDA（9）insist “坚持要去做，坚持应该去做”，从句用should + do 为“坚持表明，坚持说/解释”， 从句用过去时或过去完成时。1. She insisted that she _ ill of him behind him, but he didnt believe.A. hadnt spokenB. shouldnt speakC. wouldnt speakD. not speak2. He insisted that we _ the boy to hospital.A. takeB. tookC. would takeD. will take3. He insisted that he _ our car.A. should stealB. would stealC. hadnt stolenD. steal4. The teacher commanded that all his students _ their homework after class.A. would hand inB. should hand inC. handed inD. might hand in5. The workers requested that their working conditions _.A. must be improved B. be improvedC. would be improvedD. were improved6. They required that the crops _ harvested at once.A. should beB. beC. are D. must be答案：16 BACBBA（10）虚拟语气也用于表语从句和主语从句中，表示间接的命令、要求、请求、建议、决定等，主句的主语通常是suggestion, proposal, request, order, idea 等。表语从句中的谓语动词是should +动词原型，should 可以省略。1. His suggestion is that we (should) hold another meeting to discuss the question again.2. My advice is that we should start at five tomorrow morning.3. The teacher agreed to the suggestion that the students _ two weeks to prepare for the exam.A. giveB. should giveC. be givenD. would be given4. Their demand is that their wages _ increased by 20%.A. beB. shouldC. will beD. must be5. It is suggested that the meeting _ place at 8 oclock.A. be taken B. takeC. would takeD. should be taken6. It is suggested that we _ a lot of trees along the river.A. should be plantedB . would plantC. should plantD. could plant答案：36 CABC（11）在主语从句中，当从句用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜等，从句的谓语动词用需拟语气形式。其谓语动词时should + 动词原型， 或should 省略。It is necessary thatIt is important thatIt is natural thatIt is strange thatIt is surprising thatIt is impossible thatIt is great pity thatIt will be better thatIt is suggested thatIt is ordered that.It is demanded that1. It is really surprising that the girl _ so early.A. has married B. had marriedC. marryD. will marry2. is necessary that you _ present at the discussion.A. will beB. areC. should be D. be3. He has been studying so hard. It is natural that he _ tomorrow exam.A. passed B. have passedC. will beD should pass4. It is demanded that the polluted water _ clean.A. should makeB should be madeC. would makeD would be made答案：14 CCDB【模拟试题】1. If there were no subjunctive mood, English _ much easier.A. will be B. would have beenC. could have been D. would be2. If I _ you, Id join the army.A. amB. wasC. wereD. would be3. If he _ tomorrow, he would find Mr Wang in the office.A. comesB. will comeC. should comeD. come4. If it _ next week , the crops would be saved.A. rainsB. will rainsC. would rainD. should rain5. If I _ it, I would do it in a different way.A. were to doB. doC. had doneD. was to do6. Supposing the weather _ bad, where would you go ?A. isB. will beC. wereD. be7. If he had worked harder, he _.A. would succeedB. had succeededC. should succeedD. would have succeeded8. If he _, he _ that food.A. was warned; would not takeB. had been warned; would not have takenC. would be warned; had not takenD. would have been warned; had not taken9. If my lawyer _ here last Saturday, he _ me from going.A. had been; would have preventedB. had been; would preventC. were; would preventD. were;