高三英语虚拟语气讲解与练习.doc

虚 拟 语 气知 识 框 架 1. 含有条件状语从句的复合句宾语从句 wish（would rather）+宾语从句虚拟语气三大板块名词性从句 suggest+宾语从句. 主语从句 It is + adj./p.p/n.+ that+ S+ (should) +do 表语从句 S+is that +s + (should) +do 同位语从句 S+that +s +(should) +do 3. 定语从句 It is (high) time that + S + did 用过去式表现在情况 1. 时态后退型 用过去完成式表过去 两种形式 用过去将来表将来 2. should+动词原形型 内 容 详 述一、含有条件状语从句的复合句(以do为例;S=主语)时 间条件状语从句主 句与现在事实相反的假设If +S+did S+would/should/could/might+do与过去事实相反的假设If +S+had doneS+would/should/could+have+done与将来事实相反的假设 did If+S should do were to doS+would/should/could/might+do（一）虚拟语气用在宾语从句中 wish 后面所跟宾语从句谓语动词用虚拟语气（意为要是，但愿就好了）， Sb did (对现在假设，用过去式) 1. wish+that sb had done（对过去假设，用过去完成式） Sb would/should do（对将来假设，用过去将来） 例如： I wish it were spring all year round. I wish it would be fine tomorrow. She wished she had stayed at home. 2、would rather后的从句要用虚拟语气时 间从 句虚拟现在were, did (动词一般过去式)虚拟过去 had done虚拟将来did (动词一般过去式)例：I would rather I hadnt said such unkind things to you. （虚拟过去） Id rather you came here for the answer tomorrow morning. （虚拟将来）Id rather you posted the letter right away. (虚拟现在) 3. 表示愿望、建议、请求等主观意向的动词之后的宾语从句，谓语用should动词原形，should常常省略。这类词有：decide，demand，desire，insist，order，propose，suggest，recommend，requested，require等。例如： The teacher ordered that all the books (should) be handed in on time.注意：1. suggest 当“建议”讲时，其宾语从句用虚拟语气；当“暗示、表明”时，用陈述语气。2. insist 当坚持“看法或建议”时，从句用虚拟语气；当坚持“某个事实”时，用陈述语气。判断改错：（错） Your pale face suggests that you（should）be ill.（对） Your pale face suggests that you are ill. （错） I insisted that you（should）be wrong. （对） I insisted that you were wrong.（二）虚拟语气用在主语从句中It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that等结构的主语从句，谓语动词用should 加动词原形，should 可省略。It is可用的词有三类that（should）dosuggested, ordered, required, proposed, demanded, requested, insisted等important, necessary, natural, imperative, strange等a pity, a shame, no wonder等（三）虚拟语气用在同位语从句中。 某些表示建议、请求、命令等主观意向的名词后同位语从句需用虚拟语气，其表达形式为(should) 动词原形。这类名词常见的有：advice，suggestion，proposal（提议），order， demand，desire，request，requirement，recommendation（推荐），plan，resolution（决议）， idea等。 eg. We are all for your proposal that the discussion ( should )be put off （四）虚拟语气用在表语从句中。某些表示建议、请求、命令等主观意向的名词作主语时，表语从句需用虚拟语气，其表达形式为(should) 动词原形。这类名词常见的有：advice，suggestion，proposal，order， demand，desire，request，requirement，recommendation以及plan，idea，resolution等。eg. My suggestion is that the mayor (should)present the prizes. His proposal is that we (should) get rid of the bad habits.（五）虚拟语气用在定语从句中It is（abouthigh）time that sb.did sth/should do sth. 到做.的时间了。 eg. Dont you think its about time we went home？ 注：在this is the first time second time that句型中，从句中谓语动词用完成时态，但其后的完成时态应用现在完成时，还是过去完成时，则取决于其前is的时态，即现在对现在，过去对过去。 Eg. Is this the first time that you have visited Hongkong？ 二、虚拟语气在其他情况中的使用（一）在as if/ as though引导的状语从句中，若从句与事实相反，则要用虚拟语气。其形式如下：1、主语+as if/ though +主语+一般过去时（从句的动作与主句同时发生）2、主语+as if/ though +主语+would/could+动词原形（从句的动作相对主句来说在将来发生）3、主语+as if/ though +主语+过去完成时（从句的动作先发生于主句动作之前）例如：He talks as if he knew all about it. She speaks English well as if he had studied in America. He learns English so hard as if he would go abroad.（二）虚拟语气用在lest（唯恐、免得），for fear that及in case引导的目的状语从句中。 在由lest等引导的目的状语从句中需用虚拟语气，表示“以防，以免”等意思，其谓语动词多由should 动词原形构成，should也可省略。 eg. He was punished lest he should make the same mistake again （三）虚拟条件句的特殊情况1、混合/错综型虚拟语气当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，称为错综条件句，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。If you had followed my advice, you would be better now.(从句说的是过去，主句是现在)If I were you, I would have taken his advice.(从句是现在，主句是过去)2、省略if的虚拟语气如果从句中含有were/ should/ had时，则可以把这三个词置于句首，省略if.采用倒装语序。If it should happen, what would you do? Should it happen, what would you do?If he had recognized me, he would have come over.Had he recognized me, he would have come over.3、含蓄虚拟条件句有时候假设的情况不以if引导的条件从句形式表现出来，而是通过一个介词短语，连词或其他形式表示。常用的词或短语有：without, with, but for(要是没有), otherwise, or, but等。Without your help(=If we had not had your help), we could not have succeeded.But for electricity(=If there were no electricity, there would be no modern industry.He felt very tired yesterday, or/ otherwise he would have attended the party.4、在if it were( had been )