高考英语二轮复习 日常生活类阅读专题优化训练1(1).doc

2014届高考英语二轮复习阅读专题优化训练：日常生活类阅读aside from doing schoolwork and studying, american students must also participate in various extra-curricular activities. many students get involved in their communities by doing volunteer work at various local organizations. in fact, the school i attend even requires students to perform a certain number of hours of volunteer work per semester. it is part of our study hall(自修课) grade, as well as a graduation requirement.there are many places to do volunteer work in the community. some of my classmates volunteer at the local animal shelter, the community table (which provides free meals for needy families), charity(慈善) stores, and many others. finding a suitable place to volunteer usually depends on whats available, as well as personal interests. for example, a friend of mine who enjoys swimming volunteers at the recreation center to teach young children how to swim.with all these options out there, i ended up doing most of my volunteer work at a school library and a non-profit bookstore called friends of the library. this bookstore sells donated books at cheap prices, and all the profits made are donated to the local library.i thought it was very fitting that i do my volunteer work at a library and a bookstore, because reading has always been very important to me. i love working in the bookstore now, because every sale we make helps our public library expand, and gives it the funds needed to purchase new books.i think everyone should have the opportunity to read, and that we each should do our part to help those who dont have the chance. there is a charity event, called one book for a window of opportunity, in which chinese students can donate a book to the children of the poor village fangmaping. they dont have a lot of resources, so reading can be a challenge. to find out more about this event, please visit: /thread-739278-1-1.html.1this passage is written by _.aa chinese studentban american studentca chinese teacherdan american teacher2this passage is supposed to write to _.avillagers in fangmapingbthe writers parentscchinese readersdamerican readers3the writer chose to do volunteer work at _.aa local animal shelterba charity storeca recreation centerda library and a bookstore4by writing the article, the writer hopes to _.ameet the graduation requirementblook for another volunteer jobcget more chances to readdencourage people to offer help【答案】【小题1】b【小题2】c【小题3】d【小题4】d【解析】试题分析：文章的作者是个美国学生，介绍在美国做志愿工作的重要性，通过自己的例子鼓励人们多提供帮助，介绍了一个慈善活动，希望中国学生可以参加。【小题1】细节题：从第一段的句子：in fact, the school i attend even requires students to perform a certain number of hours of volunteer work per semester. 可知这篇文章是一个美国学生写的，选b【小题2】推理题：从最后一段的句子：there is a charity event, called one book for a window of opportunity, in which chinese students can donate a book to the children of the poor village fangmaping. 可知这篇文章应该写给中国学生看的，选c【小题3】细节题：从第三段的句子：with all these options out there, i ended up doing most of my volunteer work at a school library and a non-profit bookstore called friends of the library. 可知作者是在图书馆和书店做志愿者，选d【小题4】写作意图题:从最后一段的句子：we each should do our part to help those who dont have the chance. 可知作者是想鼓励人们提供帮助，选d考点：考查社会生活类短文you feel happiest when you create a healthy balance between giving and receiving. if you give and give without making time to fill your own needs, then its likely you will burn out, or feel upset .when you take and take without giving anything back ,you never feel fulfilled, so you are always searching for ways to fill the void in your life. the way to create a healthy balance between giving and receiving is to know and then live by your values .i break values up into two groups which i call being and having values. your being values are the character traits of the ideal person you would like to be. i suggest to my clients that they choose three being values that they are willing to make a commitment to live by. an example of some being values are: kind, loving, generous, inspirational, peaceful, wise and even powerful. by acting on these values you give to others through your actions and you inspire others by being a positive role model. mastering being these character traits becomes your life purpose.your having values are the feelings you need to create in order to be happy. these could be companionship, achievement, support, being valued or financial security. this is what you receive. you take responsibility for filling your own needs by taking steps to create these feelings and conditions in your life. when you make a commitment to live by your being values, it becomes easier to make conscious choices rather than reactionary ones. if your usual pattern is to talk about your problems, you could choose to think and act like a calm person. a calm person might go for a walk, meditate, or set a time limit before responding. if your usual pattern is to worry, you could choose to act like a responsible or wise person. in other words, you would act like the person you choose to bethis is the key to personal power. when you choose to act on your values, you not only feel good about yourself, you reinforce your chosen beliefs. over time acting in this way changes how you see the world, and in turn the way other people think of you.2the main purpose of this passage is to_.apersuade the readers to make a commitmentbinform the readers how to be truly happycexplain to the readers what personal values aredinstruct the readers how to make wise choices3according to the text, living by your being values ,you would_.again a lot of power bfill your own needscseek all human virtues dform positive personality4the underlined word “void” in paragraph 1 means_.aa feeling of emptiness ban absence of ones mindca break of continuity da state of confusion5which of the following does not belong to “your having values”?a. your success in the competition b. the help from your friendsc. your own peaceful mind d. the friendship6what can be inferred from the text?ahaving values are better than being values.bthe way other people think of you decides who you are.ca calm person does not choose to complain.da responsible person does not care about financial security.【答案】2b3d4a5c6c【解析】试题分析：文章大意：主要讲述的是如果我们要想幸福，就要在奉献和接受之间取得一个平衡。告诉我们如何才能让自己真正幸福。2b细节题。主旨大意题。根据文章第一段内容you feel happiest when you create a healthy balance between giving and receiving.可知本文主要讲述的是如果我们要想幸福，就要在奉献和接受之间取得一个平衡。故b正确。3d推理题。推理题。根据文章第二段suggest to my clients that they choose three being values that they are willing to make a commitment to live by. an example of some being values are: kind, loving, generous, inspirational, peaceful, wise and even powerful. by acting on these values you give to others through your actions and you inspire others by being a positive role model.可知如果我们以being value的方式在生活，我们会更加积极向上。故d正确。4a推理题。根据本句when you take and take without giving anything back ,you never feel fulfilled, so you are always searching for ways to fill the void in your life.可知，当你总是在接受接受，你永远都不会满足，总是在寻找方法来填平你心里的不满足的状态。故a正确。5c推理题。根据文章第三段these could be companionship, achievement, support, being valued or financial security. this is what you receive. you take responsibility for filling your own needs by taking steps to create these feelings and conditions in your life.可知abd三项的描述都属于your being values，只有c项不符合。故c正确。6c推理题。根据文章倒数第二段a calm person might go for a walk, meditate, or set a time limit before responding.可知真正平静的人在做出回应之前是要仔细考虑的，所以c项会是他们所做的事情。故c正确。考点：考查议论文阅读college libraries are designed primarily for research and study. to explain its use, let us choose a research topic and follow the step-by-step procedure of looking up the material for the paper suppose your assignment is to write a paper on a novel called the sun also rises by american writer hemingwaythe first step is to go to the main catalogmany small drawers on the large wooden cabinets are lined up in alphabetical(字母的) ordereach of the drawers contains hundreds of alphabetical ordered cardsthese cards are printed references to all material available in the librarytitle cards are cataloged by the first word of the book title, leaving out the articles like “a”, “an” and “the”and then you get the cards for the books you needon the upper left corner of each card is the call numberthis is the numerical code that shows where the book is located in the librarythe library has open and closed stacksif your book is on the open stacks, you can go to the open-stack room, and according to the call number find it out by yourselfthere are only about 30,000 books on open stacks, while most of the 800,000 books in our library are kept in closed stacks, which are accessible only to teachers and graduate students. for undergraduates like you, borrowing books from the closed stacks have to be done with the help of our librarianin that case, you must fill out a call slip(纸条) for the book, showing the call number, author and titleyou can get call slips on tables near the catalog cabinetsyou show your call slip together with your library card to a librarian at the information deskhe or she will help you find the book out in the closed stacks.7what is the main purpose of this text?a. to present readers a brief introduction to a college libraryb. to guide readers how to find books needed in a college library.c. to tell readers how to fill out a call slip in a college library.d. to show readers where to find books in a college library.8what letter you should look for on the title card for the book the old man and the sea by the hemingway?a. the letter “t”. b. the letter “h”. c. the letter “o”. d. the letter “s”.9how are books arranged and shelved in the library?a. by call numbers. b. by call slips of authors names.c. in alphabetical order. d. by the first word of book title.10suppose you are an undergraduate and you want to borrow a book from the closed stacks, which is the correct order to do it?a. go to the main catalog b. show your call slip and library cardc. find out the call number d. fill out a call slipe. get the cards for the booksa. a-b-e-d-c b. b-a-c-d-e c. a-e-c-d-bd. b-c-a-e-d【答案】7b8c9a10c【解析】试题分析：这篇文章讲的是教大学生怎么在图书馆找书。先找到目录，再找书卡和卡号，填写卡单，再出示图书卡和卡单。7写作意图题：从第一段的句子：to explain its use, let us choose a research topic and follow the step-by-step procedure of looking up the material for the paper可知这篇文章讲的是教大学生怎么在图书馆找书。选b8细节题：从第二段的句子：title cards are cataloged by the first word of the book title, leaving out the articles like “a”, “an” and “the”可知标题卡片是以开头的单词的首字母为顺序的，要排除冠词，所以the old man and the sea 应该是在字母的字母卡里面找，选c9细节题：从第二段的句子：on the upper left corner of each card is the call numberthis is the numerical code that shows where the book is located in the library可知图书馆的书是以卡号排列的，选a10排序题：从第二段的内容：可知先找到目录，在找书卡，然后是卡号，从第三段的句子：可知先填写卡单，再出示图书卡和卡单，选c考点：考查日常生活类短文doctors in britain are warning of an obesity time bomb, when children who are already overweight grow up. so, what should we do? exercise more? eat less? or both? the government feels it has to take responsibility for this expanding problem.the cheerful mr. pickwick, the hero of the novel by charles dickens, is seen in illustrations as someone who is plump and happy. in 18th century paintings, beauty is equated （使等同） with rounded bodies and soft curves. but nowadays being overweight is seen as indicating neither a cheerful character nor beauty but an increased risk of heart disease, stroke and diabetes.so what do you do? diet? not according to englands chief medical officer, sir liam donaldson. he says that physical activity is the key for reducing the risks of obesity, cancer and heart disease. and the health secretary john reid even said that being inactive is as serious a risk factor in heart disease as smoking.so, having bought some cross trainers, how much exercise should you do? according to sir liam donaldson, at least 30 minutes of moderate activity five days a week. is going to the gym the answer? luckily for those who think that running machines are boring, the health development agency believes that physical activity that fits into peoples lives may be more effective. they suggest taking the stairs rather than the lift, walking up escalators, playing active games with your children, dancing or gardening. and according to a sports psychologist, professor biddle, gyms are not making the nation fit, and may even cause harm.theres new scientific evidence that too much exercise may actually be bad for you. scientists at the university of ulster have found that unsuitable exercise releases dangerous free radicals that can adversely （oppositely） affect normal function in unfit people. the only people who should push their bodies to that level of exercise on a regular basis are trained athletes.so, should we forget about gyms and follow some experts advice to reduce sedentary （久坐不动的） activities and increase exercise in our daily life? after all, getting off the bus a stop early and walking the rest of the way cant do any harm! one final thought. how come past generations lacked gym facilities but were leaner and fitter than people today? 11mr.pickwick and the paintings of the 18m century are used as examples to show that_.a. beauty should be overweightb. a fat man is usually a cheerful character c. fatness was considered something good at one timed. fatness leads to an increased risk of disease12according to sir liam donaldson, we should_.a. go on a diet b. do regular physical activityc. give up smoking d. go to the gym13the underlined phrase cross trainers probably refers to _.a. people who help you do exercise b. places where you can do exercisec. a kind of shoes d. a form of vehicles14at present being overweight indicates _.a. an increased risk of diseases b. a happier lifec. a cheerful character d. a beauty15what is the passage mainly about?a. how to keep fit and avoid fatness.b. increased risks for overweight people.c. the dangers of exercise in the gym.d. the benefit of a balanced diet.【答案】11c12b13c14a15a【解析】试题分析：文章大意：肥胖问题越来越严重了，然而，过量的锻炼对人体也有害，那怎么锻炼才健康呢？11c 细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句the cheerful mr. pickwick, the hero of the novel by charles dickens, is seen in illustrations as someone who is plump and happy.可知胖曾被看做是幸福。故c正确。12b细节理解题。根据文章第四段中according to sir liam donaldson, at least 30 minutes of moderate activity five days a week.可知要有规律的体育活动。故b正确。13c词义推测题。 根据本句后句how much exercise should you do?可以推测cross trainers为一种健身用的用品。故c正确。14a细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句but nowadays being overweight is seen as indicating neither a cheerful character nor beauty but an increased risk of heart disease, stroke and diabetes.可知现在肥胖被认为是增加疾病的危险。故a正确。15a 主旨大意题。本文主要讲述越来越严重的肥胖问题，以及怎么解决肥胖问题，故a正确。考点：考查说明文阅读no budget for your vacation? try home exchanges - swapping houses with strangers. agree to use each others cars, and you can save dollars on car rentals (租赁费), too.home exchanges are not new. at least one group, intervac, has been facilitating such an arrangement since 1953. but trading online is gaining popularity these days, with several sites in operation, including home exchanges. founded in 1992, with some 28,000 listings, this company bills itself as the worlds largest home exchange club, reporting that membership has increased 30% this year. the annual fee is usually less than us$100. members can access thousands of listings for apartments, villas, suburban homes and farms around the world. initial contact is made via e-mail, with subsequent communication usually by phone. before a match is made, potential swappers tend to discuss a lot. however, the concept may sound risky to some people. what about theft? damage? these are reasonable causes for concern, but equally unlikely. as one swapper puts it, “nobody is going to fly across the ocean or drive 600 miles to come steal your tv. besides, at the same time theyre staying in your home, you are staying in their home.” exchange sites recommend that swappers discuss such matters ahead of time. they may fill out an agreement spelling out who shoulders which responsibilities if a problem arises. it does not matter if the agreement would hold up in court, but it does give the exchangers a little satisfaction. generally, the biggest complaint among home exchangers has to do with different standards of cleanliness. swappers are supposed to make sure their home is in order before they depart, but one persons idea of “clean” may be more forgiving than anothers. some owners say if they come back to a less-than-sparkling kitchen, it may be inconvenient but would not sour them on future exchanges.16what is the second paragraph mainly about? ahow to exchange homes.bthe biggest home exchange agency intervac.cthe fact that home exchanges are not new.da contrast between intervac and home exchanges.17how do home exchangers normally begin their communication?aby phone.bvia a matchmaker.c by e-mail.dvia a face-to-face meeting.18what is recommended in the passage to deal with the concerns about theft and damage?aone can file a lawsuit in court.bboth parties can trade online. cone can damage the home of the other party in return.dboth parties can sign an agreement beforehand. 【答案】16c17c18d【解析】试题分析：文章大意：文章论述了假期时人们为了减少开支，相互签订协议交换房子住的事。16c主旨大意题。第二段主要讲述了“交换房子住”这种现象是如何越来越流行的。故c正确。17c细节理解题。由文章第三段第三句initial contact is made via e-mail, with subsequent communication usually by phone可知。故c正确。18d细节理解题。由文章第五段前两句