高中历史 Module 4 Sandstorms in Asia词汇解读 外研版必修3(1).doc

module 4 sandstorms in asiaexplanations for new words and phrases1strength: n. 力量/力气 strengthen: v. 增强；加强；(使)变强 strong：adj.强壮的 导学p45-10-2build up ones strength/body 增强实力/强身健体 gain ones strength 积蓄力量 with all ones strength 竭尽全力 in (great) strength 大批/大量地 under/below strength 不足额；未全部到场的 at full strength 满员/足额的have the strength to do 有做的力气/意志力i dont have the strength to climb any further. 我没有力气再往上爬了。he has been doing morning exercises to build up his strength. 他一直进行晨练以增强体力。everybody has his strengths and weaknesses. 每个人都有优缺点。 以改善经济。at present america is taking some measures to strengthen the economy. 目前美国正在采取措施辨析：power，energy，force与strength power：主要指做一件事所依靠的能力、职权；也可指人或机器等事物潜在的或所能发挥出来的力量；还可指职权，权力或政权。 i shall do everything in my power to help you. energy：指物理学上的能的概念或生理上的精力。 he had so much energy that he could do the work of three men. 精力旺盛，能做三个人的工作。force： 主要指自然界的力量，暴力，势力以及法律、道德或感情的力量，军事的力量等。着重指力产生的实际效果。 we had to use force to get into the house. 我们不得不破门而入。strength：指固有的潜力。说人时，指“力气，体力”或“强项，长处”；说物时，指“强度”。 the strength of my memory begins to fail. 不从心记忆力开始衰退。2atmosphere： n. (1) 空气，大气。the pollution of the atmosphere is very serious in this country. 这个国家大气污染很严重。(2) 气氛，环境。 ever since their quarrel，there has been an unpleasant atmosphere in the office.自从他们发生口角以来，办公室里总有一种不愉快的气氛。they talked with each other in a friendly atmosphere. 他们在友好的气氛中交谈。dim lighting creates a relaxing atmosphere. 昏暗的灯光营造出一种轻松的气氛。3concerned： adj. 关心的；担心的；挂念的；有关的(不用于名词之前)。 导学p50-2be concerned about/over/for 关心，挂念 be concerned with/in 牵涉到/扯进；与有关系/参与all parties concerned 有关各方 as/so far as. be concerned 就而言/来说we are concerned about his safety. 我们担心他的安全。he is concerned with the growth of the younger generation. 他很关心年轻一代的成长。as far as i am concerned，you can do what you like. 就我而言，你想干什么就可以干什么。concern： n. 担心；关注；(利害)关系。 show/express concern about/for对表示关心/担心 have (no) concern with和有/无关系 have no concern for对不关心 with concern关切地 my mother showed great concern for me. 我母亲非常关心我。vt. (使)担忧；涉及；关系到。 concern oneself about/for 担忧/关心 concern oneself with 从事/参与/忙于 concern sb./sth. 与有关there is no need to concern yourself with this matter；were dealing with it. 你不用管这事了，我们正在处理。 变化缺乏准备。what concerns me is our lack of preparation for the change. 让我担心的是我们对事态的concerning：prep. 关于4evidence: n. 证明/据/词；迹象。 = proof, sign.there wasnt enough evidence to prove him guilty. 没有充分的证据证明他有罪a scientist must produce evidence in support of a theory. 科学家必须提供证据以支持其理论。the room bore evidence of a struggle. 这房间里有搏斗过的迹象。5major (minor)： adj. 较大/多的；多数的；主要的；主修的/较重要的。 major minor (反义词)vi. 主修；专攻 n. 主修课程；主修学生。短语： play a major role in sth. 在某事中起重要作用 major in sth. 主修the major part of the town was ruined by the earthquake. 该镇大部分已被地震造成一片废墟。she majored in maths and physics at university. 她在大学里主修数学和物理。mathematics/english is my major. 我的专业是数学。majority：n. 大多数短语： be in a/the majority占大多数/构成大部分 by/with a majority of以多数 a/the majority of的大多数in the nursing profession，women are in a/the majority. 女性在护理行业占大多数。辨析：major/main/chiefmajor：“重大的；主要的”，指在规模、数量、重要性方面超出同类的其他事物。 tom played a major part in the improvement of teaching.main：“主要的”，强调事物某一部分/分支的重要性/大小/潜力优于其他，或表整体中最主要/最明显的部分，通常只作定语。 whats the main purpose of your visit?chief：“主要的；首要的”，强调在顺序、等级、重要性、价值方面高于其他所有同类事物。 wuhan is one of the chief cities of china.6urgent：adj. 紧急的；迫切的；非常重要的。 be in urgent need of 急需 we have an urgent thing.我们有一件紧要的事情。 he says the matter is urgent.他说这事很紧急。urge：vt.催促/力劝/敦促；促进/激鼓励；极力主张。 urge sb to do sth. = urge sb. into doing 敦促某人做urge sb. against 强烈反对 urge sb. on 鼓励；激励；为加油urge that 强烈要求；极力主张（从句用虚拟语气） he urges his sisters study. 他敦促妹妹学习。 we all urged him to go ahead with his plan. 我们都鼓励他实施他的计划。he urged the necessity for immediate action. 他强烈要求立即采取行动。your progress will urge us to work hard. 你的进步会促进我们努力学习。i dont want to urge you against your own wish. 我不想勉强你，干违反自己意愿的事。my friend urge that i (shall) apply for the job. 朋友们力劝我申请那份工作。7complain： v. 投诉，抱怨，诉苦，发牢骚 complaint： n. 诉苦，抱怨；牢骚；投诉complainthat 从句 (只接 that 从句作宾语，不直接跟sb.或 sth.作宾语)complain to sb. of/about (doing) sth. 向投诉/抱怨(某事)，对发牢骚complain of. 诉说有病痛 make a complaint about/of (doing) sth. 提出投诉；抱怨(做)某事she often complains about not feeling appreciated at work. 因感到自己在工作上不受赏识而发牢骚。at present the young always complain that their parents dont take their thoughts seriously.目前年轻人总是抱怨父母不认真对待他们的想法。if you wish to make a complaint，you should see the manager. 如果你要投诉，你应该去找经理。1cut down： 砍倒/使倒下；削减/压缩/缩小(尺寸、数量或数目)；减价；杀死。 导学p43-3-1many trees have been cut down in the past 20 years in my hometown. 过去20许多树都被砍了。all the big trees have been cut down. 所有的大树都被砍倒了。now many teachers have cut down smoking and drinking. 现在许多老师很少抽烟喝酒了。the doctor told me to cut down on smoking. 医生要我少抽烟。he was asking $500 for the car, but we cut down to $300.这车他要500,但我们把价讲到了300美元his driver was cut down in a traffic accident.他的司机在一场事故中死亡。cut across 走捷径，穿过去 cut in (on sth.) 插话；让某人分享利润 cut off 中止；切断；隔绝cut out 删除；裁剪；剪除/切掉/割掉 cut up 劈碎/切碎；使难过/伤心；(严重地)割伤 cut short 突然停止，中断(活动) cut through 穿过；克服；避开；剪断cut sth. in half/in two将对半切开i wish marie would stop cutting in on our conversation all the time.希望在我们谈话时别老是插嘴。the electricity company is threatening to cut us off. 电力公司以停电威胁我们。2be caught in：被困于；遭遇 be trapped in / be stuck in被困住 导学p44-6be caught doing被撞见做某事 catch up with赶上 catch hold of抓住，握住 he was caught in the heavy snow last night. 昨天晚上他恰巧赶上了大雪。i am often caught in a heavy traffic on my way to school. 我在上学路上常常遇到塞车。at the moment our technology is more advanced, but other countries are catching up with us.目前我们的技术比较先进，不过其他国家正在追赶上来。the child caught hold of his mothers hand tightly in the earthquake.地震时，孩子紧抓住妈妈的手。all the toys in the shop caught the childrens attention/eye.孩子们的注意力都被商店的玩具所吸引。= all the childrens attention/eye was caught by the toys in the shop.= the shop had all the childrens attention/eye caught to the toys.3one after another: 相继地, 依次地, 一个接一个地 they went into the classroom one after another. 他们一个接一个地走进教室。under his leadership we won one victory after another. 在他领导下，取得了一个又一个的胜利。one student after another dropped out of the class. 学生一个接一个地离开该班。同义词： one by one / one at a time: 一个接一个；逐一she read all the novels one by one. 她逐一读完了所有的小说。one by one the guests left. 客人一位接一位地离开了。4take in：欺骗；理解/领悟；吸入/收；改小(衣服)；包括/包含；接纳/收留/收容；留住宿。导学p51-3-1he had nowhere to live in, so we took him in.他没处可去，我们收留了他。the students found it easy to take in what mr. chen teaches in class.学生发现老师的课很容易理解。though he was poor, he took in a family poorer than him.尽管他穷,他还是收容了比他还穷的一家人。 take off：除去；脱掉；起飞；成功，成名；请假take on：呈现；雇用 take to：喜欢；养成的习惯 take over：接管；占领take up：拿起；占空间；开始从事；继续 take back：收回(诺言)；带回it took me a long time to take in what you were saying. 我花了很长时间才理解你说的话。she was not easily taken in. 她不容易受骗。the farmer took in the lost travelers for the night. 那个农民收留了迷路的旅游者过夜。she has taken up a job as a teacher. 她当上了教师。our school has taken on a new look. 我们学校呈现出新面貌。6give out：vt. 发/放出(光/热/声音/信号/气体等)；分发；发布/公布；精力殆尽。 导学p51-3-2vi. 耗尽；用完/用尽。 trees take in carbon dioxide and give out oxygen.树吸收二氧化碳,释放氧气。give away：背弃/出卖；捐赠；泄露(秘密)/暴露 give back：归还；送回；报复give over：中止，停止