高考英语 专题11 定语从句考纲解读及热点难点试题演练.doc

专题11 定语从句-2014年高考英语考纲解读及热点难点试题演练定语从句是高考的热点，主要考查关系代词和关系副词的正确运用，特别是它们在非限制性定语从句中的运用。主要考点有：关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句；关系副词where引导的定语从句(近三年来常考查先行词是表示抽象空间概念的名词的情况)；“介词关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句；as引导的非限制性定语从句。1(2013北京，27)many countries are now setting up national parks_animals and plants can be protected.awhen bwhich cwhose dwhere2(2013福建，27)the book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those _ lives were affected.awhose bthat cwho dwhich3(2013湖南，21)happiness and success often come to those_are good at recognizing their own strengths.awhom bwho cwhat dwhich4(2013江苏，22)the president of the world bank says he has a passion for china，_he remembers starting as early as his childhood.awhere bwhich cwhat dwhen5(2013辽宁，34)he may win the competition，_he is likely to get into the national team.ain which case bin that casecin what case din whose case6(2013陕西，16)_ is often the case with children，amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.ait bthat cwhat das7(2013四川，9)nowadays people are more concerned about the environment_they live.awhat bwhich cwhen dwhere8(2013天津，6)we have launched another manmade satellite，_is announced in todays newspaper.athat bwhich cwho dwhat9(2013新课标，4)when i arrived，bryan took me to see the house_i would be staying.awhat bwhen cwhere dwhich10(2013重庆，24)john invited about 40 people to his wedding，most of _ are family members.a them bthat cwhich dwhom考点1、关系代词which引导的定语从句【例1】 that evening，_ i will tell you more about later，i ended up working very late.athat bwhich cwhat dwhen【例2】 it is the third time that she has won the race，_ has surprised us all.athat bwhere cwhich dwhat【例3】 the house i grew up _ has been taken down and replaced by an office building.ain it bin cin that din which【变式探究】1as a child，jack studied in a village school，_ is named after his grandfather.awhich bwhere cwhat dthat2after graduating from college，i took some time off to go travelling，_ turned out to be a wise decision.athat bwhich cwhen dwhere3theyve won their last three matches，_ i find a bit surprising actually.athat bwhen cwhat dwhich【方法技巧】that，which代表物，区别且听我来述；先行若是不定代，that就把which踹；先行词前有两数，就用that定无误；先行词前最高级，还用that必无疑；句中若有there be，that应把which替；先行主中作表语，避免重复从句里。考点2、whose引导的定语从句【例4】 i wish to thank professor smith，without _ help i would never have got this far.awho bwhose cwhom dwhich【例5】 the old temple _ roof was damaged in a storm is now under repair.awhere bwhich cits dwhose【变式探究】4 the prize will go to the writer _ story shows the most imagination.athat bwhich cwhose dwhat5thats the new machine _ parts are too small to be seen.athat bwhich cwhose dwhat【方法技巧】1whose引导的定语从句whose在定语从句中作定语，后面要接名词，其含义是“(先行词)的”。whose既可以指人也可以指物。(1)表示物时相当于“the名词ofwhich”或“ofwhichthe名词”。(2)表示人时相当于“the名词ofwhom”或“ofwhomthe名词”。2whose引导的定语从句与并列句的区别whose引导的定语从句易与含有物主代词its，their的并列句混淆。如：china has the 3rd longest river in the world，whose name is the yangze river.(定语从句)china has the 3rd longest river in the world，and its name is the yangze river.(并列句)考点3、where引导的定语从句【例6】 sales director is a position _ communication ability is just as important as sales skills.awhich bthat cwhen dwhere【例7】 whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator，_ it will keep for two or three weeks.awhen bwhich cwhere dwhile【变式探究】6(2013福建，24)its helpful to put children in a situation _ they can see themselves differently.athat bwhen cwhich dwhere7(2013北京，26)what do you think of teaching，bob?i find it fun and challenging.it is a job _ you are doing something serious but interesting.awhere bwhich cwhen dthat【方法技巧】不是地点胜似“地点”“模糊化的地点”要用关系副词where高考试题中对于where的考查趋于复杂，从先行词为明显的“地点”转为“模糊化的地点”。事实上，对于where这个词不能只理解为表地点。当先行词是表示某物的situation/case，到了何种地步(point)，或某事物所发展的阶段stage，或表达某事的某个方面(scene)时，都可用where。they have reached the_point_where they have to separate with each other.他们已经到了必须分手的地步。later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers where consumer complains have resulted in changes in the law.(wherein the cases)消费者的抱怨导致法律的改变的案例将在本章稍后向读者介绍。这些不是地点胜似“地点”的名词的归属问题即当不当“地点”看是解答这类定语从句的关键。考点4、as引导的定语从句【例8】 the air quality in the city，_ is shown in the report，has improved over the past two months.(2012福建，23)athat bit cas dwhat【例9】 a lot of language learning，_ has been discovered，is happening in the first year of life，so parents should talk much to their children during that period.aas bit cwhich dthis#x#x#k【变式探究】8the number of the audience，_ we had expected，was well over one thousand.awhom bwho cwhich das9the man showed us such a heavy stone _ no one could lift it.athat bas cwhich dand【方法技巧】as引导限制性定语从句常用于下列句式(1)其中关系代词as在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。如：we have found such materials as are used in their factory.我们已经找到了像他们工厂里用的那种材料。(as作主语)these houses are sold at such a low price as people expected.这些房子以人们预料的那样的低价出售。(as作宾语)he is not the same man as he was.他和过去不同了。(as作表语)注意：such.as.引导的定语从句与such.that.引导的状语从句的区别：第一个句子中as引导的是定语从句，因为从句中缺成分；而第二个句子中that引导的是状语从句，从句中不缺任何成分。(2).such as.such为代词，意为“这样的人或物”，as在从句中作成分，修饰先行词such。如：this book is not such as i expect.这不是我想要的书。(as作宾语)考点5、介词+关系代词【例10】 care of the soul is a gradual process _ even the small details of life should be considered.awhat bin what cwhich din which【例11】 julie was good at german，french and russian， all of _ she spoke fluently.awho bwhom cwhich dthat【例12】 she showed the visitors around the museum，the construction _ had taken more than three years.afor which bwith which cof which dto which答案c【变式探究】10 wind power is an ancient source of energy _ we may return in the near future.aon which bby which cto which dfrom which11 gun control is a subject _ americans have argued for a long time.aof which bwith whichcabout which dinto which12portia，for _ physics had once been very hard，turned out to be a physicist.awhom bwhose cthat dwhich【归纳总结】如何选择“介词关系代词”中的介词在“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句中，介词的选择是关键，也是考生深感头痛之处。介词的选择可依据以下原则：(1)根据该介词和先行词的固定搭配来确定。i admire my english teacher very much from whom i learn a lot.(learn from sb为固定搭配)(2)根据定语从句中的动词习惯搭配来确定。there are some people to whom you can turn.(turn to sb为固定搭配)(3)根据从句中的形容词搭配来确定。he introduced me some reference books with which i am not very familiar.(be familiar with为固定搭配)(4)表示“所属关系”或“整体中的部分”时用介词of。she has seen many films，of which kung fu panda is her favorite.(5)有一些动词短语不能拆开，如pay attention to，look after，take care of等。难点1、分割定语从句【例1】 after the flooding，people were suffering in that area，_ urgently needed clean water，medicine and shelter to survive.awhich bwho cwhere dwhat【例2】 ellen was a painter of birds and of nature，_，for some reason，had withdrawn from all human society.awhich bwho cwhere dwhom【例3】 the days are gone _ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.awhen bthat cwhere dwhich【变式探究】1 children who are not active or _ diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.awhat bwhose cwhich dthat2 because of the financial crisis，days are gone _ local 5star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night.aif bwhen cwhich dsince3 occasions are quite rare _ i have the time to spend a day with my kids.awho bwhich cwhy dwhen【拓展提高】有时命题者为了加大试题难度，往往把定语从句融入到其他结构中考查考生的语言综合运用能力，其常用的命题手段就是定语从句与先行词被某些句子成分分隔开，使考生分不清楚句子结构，从而误选选项。四种“分隔”现象(1)定语从句对主句结构的分隔the country life he was used to has changed greatly since 1992. (3)定语从句和先行词的分隔he was the only person in his office who was invited to the party.(4)连词和其所连接的分句的分隔we thought there were 35 students in the dining hall，while，in fact，there were 40.1the place _ interested me most was the childrens palace.awhich bwhere cwhat din which2do you k