必修一英语Unit 1知识要点.doc

必修一英语Unit 1知识要点一.译林牛津版高一英语必修一U1知识清单：1.What is like?What does sb. look like?What does sb. like?How is sb.? What is sb?2. going to British high school 动名词作主语Eg.: Playing with fire is dangerous. 玩火是危险的。Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。Do you mind telling me what happened? 你介意告诉我发生了什么吗？Better take a sleeping bus for a long journey. 长途旅行最好乘卧铺车。3. enjoyable enjoy enjoyment enjoy doing enjoy oneself4. experience n.经验（不可数名词，其后通常接的是in 或of短语） 经历（可数名词）vt. 经历，体验She wrote a book about her experiences in America.Have you experienced real struggle?He has a lot of experience in surfing games.be experienced in 在有经验5. attend vt.出席，参加attend school 上学 attend the meeting 开会 ，参加会议attend the wedding 参加婚礼 attend to sb. 照顾某人，关怀某人attend to ones work 用心从事某人的工作。对比：attend, join, join in, take part inattend :主要是指以观众和听众的身份来参加，一般用于指参加会议、出席典礼或者招待会等，也可以指上学，听课，挺演讲或者讲座等。join：指参加某个组织并且成为其中的一名成员。join in：参加某项活动，尤其是指参加某项正在进行的活动。take part in ：参加某项工作活动或者事业，并且在其中其作用。6. earn vt 获得，赢得，挣得earn ones bread/ living 谋生 earn/ win respect 赢得尊重earn money 挣钱 earn ones place 赢得地位对比：earn，win， gain，achieve，getearn：指为钱或是其他的报酬工作。含有报酬是应得的意思。He earned four thousand yuan a month.win：指在竞争战争比赛中获胜，并可能由此而得到奖赏。Zhangjie won the most excellent singer prize last year.gain：指获得有用或是重要的东西，常用于和钱没有关系的场合。He gained lots of experience during the journey to Africa. achieve：通过努力而达到目标He achieved the goal at the age of 50.get：常规用词7. respect n. (ucn) vt 尊敬、敬重give/send/pay ones respects to sb. 向某人问候have respect for 尊敬.respect sb. for 因尊敬某人 have respect to 牵涉到，关系到注意到，考虑到 hold sb. in respect 尊敬某人out of respect for sb. 出于对某人的尊敬 show ones respect for 对表示尊敬 with the respect to 关于8. devote oneself to sth./ doing sth. = be devoted to sth./doing sth.专注做某事，忠于做某事。to是介词, 后面接名词，代词，动名词。to是介词的常用短语：look forward to , pay attention to, stick to坚持、紧跟、黏住, be used to 9. average adj. 一般的，普通的，平均的。n.平均、平均数above/below( the ) average在平均水准以下或以上 , on the /an average 平均地, up to the average达到平均数10n. vi. 斗争，挣扎struggle with/ against sb. /sth. 同某人某事斗争 struggle for sb. /sth. 为某人某事斗争 struggle to do sth. 努力去做某事 have a struggle( in )doing sth. 干某事费劲11. as +adj. +a./an +可数名词的单数+as ， as +adj. +可数名词复数+as， as+ adj./adv. +asas long as只要 , as well as除之外也, asas possible尽可能, as soon as一就, as many/ much as多达, as early as 早在not so as : 不如12. for fun闹着玩, make fun of嘲笑取笑, have fun doing sth.愉快的做某事 , what fun!多么有趣呀fun 不可数名词，funny adj. 滑稽的，可笑的，用来描述令人发笑的事和物。13.prepare vt. vi.prepare+n. 准备, prepare+for+n.为做准备, prepare +sb. +to do 使某人作准备去做某事prepare +to do准备做 , be prepared for为做好准备 ,be prepared to do sth. 做好准备做某事preparation n. 14. though, although, however, while, in spite of 的区别：1.） though 除了强调让步意义外还可以作并列连词，表示and, but, yet, however等的含义，though还可以用作副词，放在句末。Theyre very different, though they did seem to get on well when they met.2.） although 是从属连词，强调让步意义，多用于句首，且位于句首时，后面不能用but, 但可以用yet, still.Although everyone played well, we lost the game. Everyone played well. However, we still lost the game.3.）however 位于句首时，常用逗号隔开，位于句中时，通常在前后各加逗号。4.) in spite of 是介词短语，后接名词或名词短语，不接从句。In spite of his age, he still leads a busy life. 15. look back on回顾 , look for寻找 , look through 浏览, look at sb. doing sth.看到某人正在做某事look like看起来象, look afrer照顾照料, look down on看不起瞧不起 , look up to 尊敬, look forward to ,期待 look into sth.调查某事 look up sth.in the dictionary 查字典16. satisfaction n. satisfied adj. satisfy vt.express ones satisfaction at/ with (the result) 对结果表示满意in with satisfaction 满意的, to ones satisfaction使人满意的是, sth. be a satisfaction to sb. 某事令人满意16. first of all首先，第一, above all首先，最重要的是, at all根本, after all毕竟，到底, in all总计，总共17.not until与 until 的区别：相同点：notuntil, until 二者都可以译为：直到not until 直到才（开始）。主句位于动词一般是终止性动词 until 直到才（结束）主句谓语动词一般是延续性动词I didnt leave until she came back.You cant get off the bus until it has stopped.She will wait until her mother comes back home.He had lived here until the war broke out.注：not until 及后面的状语部分放到句首的时候，后面的主句要部分倒装，Not until then did he realize his mistake.二、重点词汇列表动词search, murder, support, exist名词creature, witness, research, possibility, case, evidence, progress, treasure, strength形容词puzzled, puzzling, convincing, disappointed, similar 重点词组run into, step up, due to, go missing, show up, according to, put on, rule out, look into, make up, take charge of, so far, be similar to, be said to do, run after, on average 三、精选词汇讲解1. search (1) search vt./vi. 搜索,搜寻,搜查 search sb 搜（某人的）身；search somewhere 在某处搜查search somewhere for sth. 在某处搜寻某物；search for sth. 搜寻/寻找某物They searched him without any reason.他们毫无理由地搜了他的身。They searched every part of the temple for the murderer. 他们对这座寺庙进行了全面搜查，以便找出凶手。Scientists are searching for a cure for the disease. 科学家正在寻找治愈这种疾病的办法。He is searching for the missing key. 他正在寻找失踪的钥匙。(2) search n. 搜寻，寻找 in search of 寻找/寻求某物The villagers continued their search for the lost child in the forest. 村民们继续在森林里寻找那个迷路的孩子。Migrant workers moved from city to city in search of work. 流动工人为找工作从一个城市移居到另一个城市。He went in search of a doctor for his sick wife. 他去为他生病的妻子找医生。2. support (1) support vt. 支撑；支持，拥护；维持, 赡养；证实 The old man entered the room supported by his grandson. 老人由孙子扶着进了房间。 They supported the Democratic Party. 他们支持/拥护民主党。 The desert climate supports little plant life. 沙漠气候使很少的植物能维持下去/存活。 He has a large family to support. 他要养活一大家子人。 Can you give some examples to support your argument? 你能举几个例子来论证你的论点吗?(2) support n. 支援，帮助；拥护；支撑；供养； Hunter is the chief support of the family. 亨特是他家的主要赡养者。 Jim was a great support to us when father died. 父亲死后，吉姆给了我们巨大的帮助。 We need your support. 我们需要你们的支持。3. witness(1) witness n. c. 目击者; 见证人；证明，见证 a witness to/of.是.的目击证人 The police found the witness to the murder. 警察找到了那个谋杀案的目击证人。 She was a witness of the accident. 她是那次事故的目击证人。 You cannot sign your will without witnesses. 没有见证人的情况下你不能签署你的遗嘱。 His whole life was a witness to his honesty. 他的整个一生就是对他的诚实的见证。(2) witness vt./ vi. 目击，亲眼看见；为作证 witness to . / to doing . 为某事作证/ 为做某事作证 Did anyone witness the robbery? 有人亲眼目睹了这次抢劫案吗？ She witnessed our wedding. 她见证了我们的婚礼。 He witnessed to having seen the man enter the building. 他证明说看到那个人进了那栋楼。 This gift witnesses to his generosity. 这件礼物见证了他的慷慨。4. puzzled (1) puzzle vt. 使迷惑,使困惑 The womans illness puzzled the doctor, and he couldnt find the cause. 那妇女的病使那医生很困惑，他就是找不到病因。 The teacher was puzzled by the students question. 老师被这个学生的问题难住了。(2) puzzle n. n. 难题,难解之事,谜 We are trying to work out a puzzle. 我们正设法解出一个难题。(3) puzzled adj. 困惑的,茫然的 ； puzzling adj. 令人困惑的,莫名其妙的 a puzzled mother 一位困惑的母亲；a puzzling case 一件令人困惑的案件Im puzzled about what to do next. 我很迷茫下一步该干什么。He couldnt sleep well as he was thinking about the puzzling problem. 他睡不好，因为他一直在思考着那个令人困惑的问题。She listened with a puzzled expression on her face. 她脸上带着困惑的表情在倾听着。(4) 注意：在英语中，动词的现在分词或过去分词可用作形容词。当用来表示人的情绪状态或感觉时，常用过去分词形式的形容词，这些词常用来修饰人或look, expression, voice, face 等名词。当表示事物的特征或属性时，常用现在分词形式的形容词。如： frighten vt. 使惊吓； frightened adj. 感到害怕的； frightening adj. 令人害怕的disappoint vt.使失望； disappointed adj. 感到失望的； disappointing adj. 令人失望的 surprise vt. 使惊奇； surprised adj. 感到惊讶的； surprising adj. 令人惊讶的excite vt. 使兴奋 excited adj. 感到兴奋的，激动的 exciting adj. 令人激动的5. convincing(1) convincing adj. 使人信服的,有力的,令人心悦诚服的 convincing evidence 令人信服的证据； convincing arguments 令人信服的论据 No one has come up with a convincing explanation of why dinosaurs died out. 尚未有人能对恐龙的灭绝作出一个令人信服的解释。(2) convinced adj. 相信的，被说服的 Im quite convinced. 我很相信（这件事）。(3) convince vt. 使相信，说服 convince sb. of sth使某人相信某事；sb. be convinced of.某人相信某事convince sb. that使某人相信某事； convince sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事 I am convinced of her innocence. 我相信他的清白。I have been trying to convince him to see a doctor. 我一直在努力说服他去看医生。We convinced Ann to go by train rather than plane.我们说服Ann坐火车而不是坐飞机去。 He was convinced that it was necessary to get it across to them.他相信有必要告诉他们这件事。6. due to (1) due to （作表语）由于, 因为 His absence was due to the storm. 他的缺席是由于那场暴风雨造成的。(2) duo to (作状语) 由于，因为 He arrived late due to the storm. 他由于暴风雨而迟到了。(3) 表示“由于；因为”的常用近义短语还有： because of.; owing to.; on account of. 但thanks to. 幸亏，由于；多亏（表示的是正面的原因） Thanks to his effort, it is more successful than we have expected. 由于他的努力，我们获得了比预期更大的成功。7. look into(1) look into 调查；检查 look into a question 调查一个问题；look into a case 调查一个案件 The police are looking into the reason why the plane crashed into the sea. 警察正在调查那架飞机坠海的原因。 (2) look into 注视的内部或深处 He looked into the box/ the mirror/ her eyes. 他注视着箱底/ 镜子/她的眼睛。 For a while the sisters could not look into each others faces. 好一阵子姐妹俩都不能互相正视对方的脸。 They stopped to look into the window. 他们停下来看看橱窗。 He looked into the room but found nobody in. 他朝房间里看但没发现有任何人在那。 与look 搭配的常用短语：look about四处寻找； look for寻找，期待 look after照顾，关心； look out 小心，注意；look back 回顾，追忆 look over仔细查看； look down on/upon轻视，看不起; look up仰视，好转8. make up(1) make up编造 The whole story was just made up by him. 整件事完全是他编造出来的。(2) make up 组成 （被动结构：be made up of 由组成） Twelve doctors make up the medical team. 十二名医生组成了那个医疗队。 The medical team was made up of twelve doctors. 那个医疗队由十二名医生组成。(3) make up补足; make up for补偿；弥补 We still need $50 to make up the sum required. 我们需要五十元以补足所需要的数目。 Her beauty cant make up for her stupidity. 她的美丽不能弥补她的愚蠢。 We should try our best to make up for our loss. 我们应该尽最大努力去弥补我们的损失。(4) make ( sb./ ooneself) up 化妆 She took over 30 minutes to make (herself) up. 她花了30多分钟来化妆。 9. take charge of (1) take charge (of )负责；接管；照管 （在句中用做谓语） Who will take charge of the plans of the party? 谁将负责晚会的所有计划？ John was elected the new president of the club and took charge at the next meeting. 约翰被选为俱乐部的新主席并在下一次的集会上接管了俱乐部。 I am willing to take charge of you, Bob, and to educate you, and provide for you. 鲍勃，我愿意照管你、教育你并且抚养你。(2) in charge of （某人）负责某事; in the charge of sb./ in sbs charge （某事）由某人负责/照料/管理； 上面两个短语的区别是两者都可以在句中用作表语、状语、定语，但作表语时，表示人的名词或代词作主语时需用前者，表示某人单位、部门、某项工作时需用后者。 Tom works there, in charge of the sales department. 汤姆在那工作，负责销售部。 Comrade Yang will be in charge of the work for the time being.杨同志将暂时负责那项工作。 The boy was taken in the charge of his tutor. 这男孩受他的家庭教师管理。 This department is in the charge of Sun Qing. 这一部门由孙清主管。10. be said to do 据说(某人/某事)(1) sb./ sth. be said to do = It is / was said that sb./ sth. 这两个句型替换时要注意谓语动词作相应的变化。 Tom is said to have gone abroad. = It is said that Tom has gone abroad. 据说汤姆已出国了。 The fox is said to be very sly.= It is said that the fox is very sly. 据说狐狸非常狡猾。 It was said that she was as effective as god, bringing the dying back to life. = She was said to be as effective as god, bringing the dying back to life. 据说她是个妙手回春的民间医生。(2) 类似用法的句型： sb./ sth. be believed to do = It is / was believed that sb./ sth. 大家都相信 sb./ sth. be reported to do = It is / was reported that sb./ sth. 据报道 sb./ sth. be supposed to do = It is / was supposed that sb./ sth. 大家公认为 sb./ sth. be (well) knwn to do = It is/was (well) known that sb./ sth. 众所周知 sb./ sth. be thought to do = It is / was thought that sb./ sth. 大家公认为四高一英语第一模块 第一单元重点词组,句型汇总Welcome to the unit1. a magazine article about school life 关于学校生活的一篇杂志文章2. two other articles about school clubs 另外两篇关于学校俱乐部的文章3. talk about school activities谈论学校活动4. discuss daily school life with your partner和你的同伴讨论学校生活5. report your school activities to your class teacher将你的学校生活向你的老师报告6. make a poster for a new school club为一个新的学校俱乐部做海报7. High school is a time of discovery, learning and hard work. 高中是一个发现,学习和辛苦工作的时间8. the differences between the lives of Chinese and British high school students中国和英国高中学生生活的不同9. What is your dream school life like?你梦想中的学校生活是什么样的?Reading 10. Going to a British high school for one year was a very enjoyable and exciting experience for me.去英国的一所高中呆一年对我来说是一次愉快而令人激动的经历.11. This means I could get up an hour later than usual as schools in China begin before 8 a.m.这意味着我可以比平时晚一个小时起床因为中国的学校8点前开始上学.12. attend assembly参加晨会13. tell us about the rules of the school告诉我们关于学校的规则14. the best way to earn respect赢得尊敬的最好的方式15. achieve high grades获得高分16. sound like听起来象17. the average size 平均规模18. move to different classrooms for different classes去不同的教室上不同的课19. I found the homework was not as heavy as what I used to get in my old school. 我发现家庭作业不象我在原来的学校那么重20. a bit challenging for sb.对某人来说有点挑战性21. improve a lot提高很多22. spend an hour each day reading English books in the library 每天花一个小时的时间在图书馆读英语书23. at lunchtime 在午餐时间24. e-mail sb. back home for free免费给某人发会邮件25. an extra French class一节额外的法语课26. on Tuesday evenings每个星期二晚上27. hold a party举办晚会28. drop some subjects放弃一些学科29. choose some subjects挑选一些学科30. miss sth/sb. a lot非常想念某人/某物31. lots of desserts 许多甜食32. main meal主食33. play on the school field在学校操场上玩34. relax under a tree在树下放松35. sit on the grass坐在草地上36. experience this different way of life经历这种不同的生活方式37. get a general idea of获得的总的意思38. find certain information找到特定的信息39. scan the text for key words and phrases扫描课文找出关键词和短语40. word by word逐个单词地41. in short sentences用简短的句子42. on average平均43. according to 根据,按照44. encourage students to work hard鼓励学生努力学习45. be back in Manchester回到Manchester46. in an interesting way以一种有趣的方式47. test your ability测试你的能力48. make something ready准备好某事49. give up放弃50. sweet food eaten at the end of a meal在一顿饭后吃的甜食51. first of all 首先52. introduce myself to you向你介绍我自己53. at the weekend在周末54. surf the internet上网冲浪55. at assembly在集会上56. think of sb. immediately立刻想到某人57. I didnt realize how different schools in the UK are from schools in China until I read your article. 直到看了你的文章我才意识到英国的学校和中国的学校有多么不同.58. have many chances to do sth.有许多机做某事59. Im very interested in knowing what life is like in a Chinese high school. 我对于了解中国高中的学校生活很感兴趣.60. pass sth. to sb.将某物传递给某人61. what subjects do you like best and least?你最喜欢和最不喜欢的科目是什么?62. What subjects would you like to take if you could choose? 如果可以选择你会选那些科目?Word power63. at the school entrance在学校的入口处64. the quickest way to get to sp.去某处最快的路65. walk towards 朝.走66. go between . and . 在.和之间走67. walk/go past 走过68. go straight on直走69. my appointment with the headmaster我和校长的约会70. go back to the dormitories返回宿舍71. afternoon classes下午的课程72. much more than you expect比你期待的多许多73. a library with over 18,000 books有18,000多藏书的图书馆74. Twelve science labs are available for different experiments.12个科学实验室可以用来做不同的实验75. The indoor swimming pool is open all year round for students who like swimming.室内游泳池常年对喜欢游泳的学生开放76. Each room comes with its own bathroom and Internet access.每个房间都配有浴室和网络77. a modern medical center一个现代化的医疗中心78. experienced nurses有经验的护士79. on campus在校园里80. during break times在课间休息的时间81. a lot of pieces of equipment许多件设备Grammar and usage82. in the same way 以相同的方式83. no longer 不再84. graduate from从毕业85. speak very good Chinese讲很好的中文86. develop an interest in养成对.的兴趣87. He donate most of them to our school. (donate sth. to sb.) 他把当中大多数都捐给了学校.88. display in the assembly hall在集会大厅中展出89. school open day学校开放日90. invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做某事91. make a speech about sth.做关于的演讲92. 30 minutes for questions and answers 39分钟的问答时间93. miss the chance to do sth.错过做.的机会94. at the open day在开放日95. our storytelling contest我们的讲故事比赛96. the monitor of our class我们班长97. function as起作用98. be replaced by被.替代99. relate to 与相关100. She seems to be a person who cant pay attention to one thing for long. 她似乎是个不能把注意力长时间集中在一件事上的人.101. Youre one of those people who everybody will find hard to please. 你是大家都认为很难