（江苏专用）高三英语二轮复习 第一部分 A 核心考点(核心 规律 技巧)小试身手.doc

a核心考点(核心/ 规律/ 技巧)a1定语从句278考 纲 解 读考纲要求考生掌握定语从句中各关系代词、关系副词的用法；能区分定语从句和名词性从句，特别是定语从句和同位语从句的区别。考 情 解 读考点 题量 分布 定语从句 全 国 各 地 高 考 2008 13 2009 16 2010 12 2011 16 2012 14 趋 势 解 读1作为必考点，定语从句基础题目考查普通的关系词在从句中作状语或定语。2难度题目考查介词提前的定语从句或关系词指代整个句子等比较复杂的结构。3高档题目考查定语从句间隔，定语从句与强调句结合，定语从句与名词性从句结合。later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers _ consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law.awhere bwhen cwho dwhich易误选c、b定语从句后移现象，cases为先行词。选a，意为在这些案例中。学生会误以为readers为先行词，误选c或误将其视为状语从句，误选b。the letter we had been looking forward to _ at last.acame bcome ccoming dcomes易误选c、b选a。定语从句分割主句，the letter为先行词，其后省略which/that定语从句引导词(作look forward to的宾语)，利用to对后面造成干扰，极易误选c、b。答案为a。for many cities in the world，there is no room to spread out further，_ new york is an example.afor which bin whichcof which dfrom which易误选b先行词为cities，逻辑为部分与整体关系，故选of which，先行词与定语从句被一些成分间隔，难度加大，学生会误以为world为先行词而选b。occasions are rare_ i can spend a whole day with my family.awhen bwhere cwhich dthat易误选b、d定语从句后移现象，occasions为先行词，学生会从其汉语翻译“场合”，误认为是表地点，其实表时间，故选a。where did you get to know jane?it was on the farm _ we worked together.athat bwhere cwhich d/易误选a定语从句与强调句型结合，后面根据上下语境省略强调句that i got to know jane，选b。常考it is/was强调部分(介词短语，表地点)_定语从句(that.强调句)。学生会误以为前面部分为强调句。mrs. black took the police to the same place _ she witnessed the robbery.aas bwhere cthat dwhen易误选a出于思维定势，学生会误选as，其实此处为定语从句，而非状语从句。正确答案为b。its thirty years since we last met.but i still remember the story，believe it or not，_ we got lost on a rainy night.awhich bthat cwhat dwhen易误选d 涉及定语从句与同位语从句的鉴别，又有believe it or not插入语干扰，更增加了难度，学生会误把其当作定语从句而误选d。正确答案为b。基 础 盘 点热 门 考 点1which/as非限制性定语从句；2介词which/whom定语从句(介词选择)；3与定语从句相关的“分隔”现象；4whose定语从句；5that(关系副词)定语从句；6高频抽象先行词；7与其它性质从句或强调句结合；8as相关定语从句；9定语从句与同位语从句鉴别。关 注 节 点4“热”2“难”热点11 (2012北京卷)when deeply absorbed in work, _he often was, he would forget all about eating or sleeping.athat bwhich cwhere dwhen答案b根据句子的结构可知，题干中含有一个非限制性定语从句，指代上文所述内容，故选which。she passed the driving test，_ surprised everyone.awhat bthat cwhich dwho答案c考查非限制性定语从句。指代上文所述内容，故选which。jane seems friendly to all，_ everybody knows.awhat bthat cas dwhich答案cas代替主句在非限制性定语从句中作宾语，故选c。,which在非限制性定语从句作主语、宾语。as代替主句或部分在非限制性定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语。1.which从句常表示主句造成的结果，相当于“and that.”而as从句常译为“像一样”。2as若在从句中作主语，从句谓语必有be参与。3as从句可在主句前、主句中、主句后三种位置，而which从句只在主句后。热点12(2011江西卷)she showed the visitors around the museum，the construction _ had taken more than 3 years.afor which bwith which cof which dto which答案cthe construction of which (the museum)构成逻辑动宾关系。for some countries in the world，it is quite usual to experience earthquakes，_ japan is an example.afor which bof which cin which dfrom which答案b考查非限制性定语从句。先行词为countries，代入为japan is an example of which(some countries in the world)。为整体与部分的关系。he was educated at the local high school，_ he went to beijing.aafter which bafter that cin which din that答案a考查非限制性定语从句。he went to beijing after which (he was educated)，考查介宾搭配。,介词which/whom结构1介词which/whom2介词短语which/whom3介词which/whom名词4the名词ofwhich/whom5表示部分的词语ofwhich/whom使用代入法(将先行词代入从句)考查介宾搭配。热点13(2011天津卷)the days are gone _ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.awhen bthat cwhere dwhich答案athe days为先行词，属定语从句后移现象。(山东卷)the country life he is used to _ greatly since 1992.achange bchangingchave changed dhas changed答案d(which/that)he is used to为定语从句，分割主句，其宾语为life与后面无结构联系。he laughs best _ laughs last.awhich bthat c/ dwho答案d此题为定语从句后移现象，who代替先行词he。故选d。with all he needed _，he left.abuy bto buy cbought dbuying答案c考查动词的过去分词。以定语从句he needed为干扰，极易误选d。this is the best way he can think of _ the problems.asolve bto solve csolved dsolving答案b考查动词不定式。以定语从句think of为干扰，极易误选d。he brought out all he could _ us.ahelp bto help chelped dhelping答案b考查动词不定式。以定语从句all he could为干扰，极易误选d。,英语常考4种分隔1主语(名词/代词)谓语定语从句/同位语从句(从句后移现象)2名词/代词(which/that)定语从句的主语定语从句的谓语3定语从句和先行词分隔he was the only person in the office who was invited.4定语从句引导词与定语从句其它部分分隔the scientist made another discovery，which，i think，is vital.造成3与4分隔多为插入语(1)介词短语如by the way；(2)副词如however，personally；(3)不定式短语如to tell the truth；(4)分词如considering；(5)整个句子如i think.热点14(陕西卷)the man pulled out a gold watch，_ were made of small diamonds.athe hands of whom bwhom the hands ofcwhich the hands of dthe hands of which答案d先行词为watch与hands为修饰限定关系，相当于whose hands。many children，_ parents are away working in big cities，are taken good care of in the village.atheir bwhose cof whom dwith whom答案b先行词为children, whose parents相当于the parents of whom。,whosen.限定词n.ofwhich/whomof which/whom限定词n.1.限定词常为the；2此类题目关键在于名词前是否有限定词出现。热点15 (湖北卷)what surprised me was not what he said but _he said it.athe way bin the way thatcin the way dthe way which答案a先行词the way在定语从句中作状语，that相当于in which已省略。you should treat her the way _ suits her most.awhat bwhich c/ din which答案b先行词the way在定语从句中作主语，故选b。its high time _ he set off right now.awhich b/ cthat dwhen答案b考查虚拟语气。its high time(that).，that省略。it was my 3rd time i _ here.acame bcome chas come dhad come答案dit be ones/the序数词time(that)定语从句(完成时态)为固定用法，故选d。_ the moment _ he saw me，he ran off.aat；/ b/；that c/；/ dat；that答案cat the moment/second/instant/minute that.，此题省略at, that，答案为c。_ the first time _ i met her，she was a little girl.afor；/ b/；that c/；/ dfor；that答案cfor the序数词time that.为固定搭配，for, that省略，最佳答案为c。,1way作先行词并且在定语从句中作状语，常用关系副词that引导定语从句(that亦常省略，相当于in which)。但way若被the same、such等修饰，此种情况常用as。2表时刻的名词，如moment，second等和time作先行词并且在定语从句中作状语，定语从句常用that引导(that亦常省略)。(1)it be time(时间)(that)定语从句(虚拟语气)it is time (that) i left now.(2)it be ones/the序数词time(that)定语从句(完成时态)(3).at the moment/second/instant/minute that.定语从句the moment/instant/second/minute(时间状语从句引导词)(4)for the序数词time that.定语从句the序数词time.(时间状语从句引导词)热点16(浙江卷)i have reached a point in my life _ i am supposed to make decisions of my own.awhich bwhere chow dwhy答案bpoint为先行词，表示抽象地点在定语从句中作状语，故选where，相当于at which。the pilot got into a dangerous situation _ he might lose control over the plane.awhich bwhere chow dwhy答案bsituation为先行词，在定语从句中作状语，故选where。,常考特殊先行词case，situation，point，condition，activity，degree，常考其在从句中作状语，用where引导，而occasion表时间，常考在定语从句中作状语，用when引导。热点17(山东卷)where did you get to know her?it was on the farm _ we worked.athat bthere cwhich dwhere答案dthat i got to know her在上下文中省略，farm为先行词，where we worked为定语从句。so you have met maria?yes，it was last week _ we attended jacks party.awhere bwhen cthat dwhy答案bthat we met maria在上下文中省略，last week为先行词。,近年常考查形式it be 介词短语(地点/时间)，考查定语从句(that强调句)常在上下语境中省略。(1)在该句型中介词短语(时间)是考查趋势。(2)要注意情况变化。热点18 (陕西卷)his plan was such a good one _we all agreed to accept.aso band cthat das答案d题干是含有定语从句的复合句，先行词被such修饰，所以应用as引导。the teacher raised so difficult a question _ none could answer.athat bwhat cas dwhich答案c考查定语从句的复合结构，先行词被so修饰，所以应用as引导。,1the same.as，such.as，as.as，so.as结构中，as可作主语、宾语、表语代替先行词。此种情况与状语从句区别关键是从句主语、宾语、表语等主干结构是否健全，若健全，为状语从句，否则为定语从句。2as代替主句或部分，见热点11。热点19 (2012江苏卷)the notice came around two in the afternoon _the meeting would be postponed.awhen bthat cwhether dhow答案b同位语从句后移现象，that the meeting would be postponed解释notice的内容。the view _ many scientists hold is _ too much emission of carbon dioxide is destructive.athat；that bthat；whichcwhich；which dthat；what答案a考查定语从句、同位语从句。(天津卷)last month, part of southeast asia was struck by floods, from _effects the people are still suffering.athat bwhose cthose dwhat答案bwhose引导定语从句，表示effects与part of south east asia是所属关系。(上海卷)if a shop has chairs _women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop.athat bwhich cwhen dwhere答案dwhere引导定语从句。先行词chairs表示地点，所以要用where引导。,定语从句、同位语从句结构相同之处名词/代词从句鉴别办法1中间加be法即在名词和从句之间加入be的合适形式(句子其它部分不予理会)，逻辑成立，为同位语从句，反之为定语从句。i share the view that everyone should be equal.中间加bethe view is that everyone should be equal.逻辑成立，that从句为同位语从句。2代入法即将名词代入从句，可直接作主语、宾语、表语或加上介词可作适当成分(句子其它部分不予理会)，若可以，为定语从句，反之为同位语从句。i share the view which is fresh.将名词代入从句the view is fresh.view在从句中作主语，which从句为定语从句。“八招”破解定语从句一、认识主句结构主句结构完整，定语从句通常是修饰、说明和限制主句中的主语、宾语或表语。二、避免成分重复在定语从句中，不管是关系代词还是关系副词，都已经代替先行词在定语从句中充当了某一成分，关系代词通常充当主语、宾语、表语等；关系副词通常充当状语。因此，定语从句中不能再出现与关系代词或关系副词相重复的成分。三、确定句子成分首先要结合选项对题干进行整体感知，确定定语从句的位置及其涉及的内容；其次，根据定语从句中所缺少的成分，分析关系词在定语从句中所作的成分，然后选出正确的选项。四、弄清逻辑线索在突破有关“介词关系代词”类型的定语从句试题时，一方面，分析定语从句中的谓语动词(该动词是不及物动词)习惯上常与什么介词搭配使用。另一方面，要考虑和先行词的搭配习惯。弄清“动词介词先行词”的线索对正确地确定介词非常关键。五、“分隔式”定语从句先行词和从句部分被谓语或状语等成分分隔时，应先把“分隔”成分分离出来，简化题干结构，再分析解答。六、留心标点符号有无逗号把定语从句分为限制性和非限制性两种。充分运用逗号所表达的逻辑结构和意义，对正确掌握定语从句、准确理解语境意义很有帮助。七、注意三大从句的区别定语从句前必须有先行词；状语从句修饰谓语动词或整个句子；而名词性从句则是单独充当主语、表语、宾语或同位语。八、弄清位置和意义在as或which引导的定语从句中，要注意两者引导的定语从句在整句中的位置；注意两者在翻译时的不同表达。提 示课后完成语法对点强化训练1、2a2名词性从句考 纲 解 读掌握名词性从句的基本知识，能区分定语从句和名词性从句，特别是定语从句和同位语从句的区别。考 情 解 读 考点 题量 年份 名词性从句 主语 从句 宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句 2008 5 3 1 1 2009 2 7 0 4 2010 2 11 3 0 2011 5 6 2 3 2012 6 5 0 3 趋 势 解 读1名词性从句是复合句结构、分类最为复杂的部分，高考热点之一；2连接词辨析，从句语序，有关名词性从句的句型考查较多；3近年阅读材料，尤其科普类文章出现的长句中多含有名词性从句，对理解造成障碍。it is very hard for mary to work there for _she does cant satisfy her boss.awhat bwhatever cwhich dwhichever易误选a学生认为后面主语从句缺少宾语，并且也没有范围要求，易误选a，正确答案为b，whatever相当于anything that。what made her upset?_she lost her bike.athat b cwhich dbecause易误选d、b学生极易根据汉语思维，误选d，此处考查主语从句，省略了后面部分，补全应为that she lost her bike made her upset，that虽只起引导作用，但不可缺少。正确答案为a。_ well go camping depends on weather.awhich bthat cif dwhether易误选c学生易从熟悉的宾语从句迁移，误选c，此处考查主语从句，if在名词性从句中只可引导宾语从句且有限制，正确答案为d。could i speak to _is in charge of international sales, please?aanyone bsomeonecwhoever dno matter who易误选b、d 学生易依据汉语思维，误选b，或不知何种从句而误选d。此处考查宾语从句，whever可引导名词性从句和让步状语从句，而no matter wh只引导让步状语从句，正确答案c。_ leaves last should turn off the lights.awho bwhom cwhoever dwhomever易误选a学生观察到主语从句缺少主语，凭借所谓的“语感”而极易误选a。whoever/whomever从句此处表示“的人”，who/whom从句意为“谁”，表示一件事情。正确答案c。i do believe he can help me out and _he will come to my rescue.a. bthat cwhat dwhich易误选a学生极易根据that引导宾语从句常省略的惯例而误选a，此处考查多个that从句作同一动词的宾语，除第一个that可省外，其余均不可省，若设计于短文改错中，难度更大。正确答案b。a school building is being built at _ used to be a church.awhich bthat cwhat dwhere易误选d学生根据汉语逻辑“地方”而易误选where，此处考查宾语从句，缺主语，正确答案c。基 础 盘 点1名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。2引导词3as/if/as though也可引导表语从句。热 门 考 点1what/whatever从句；2who/whom/whoever/whomever从句；3what/which/whatever/whichever从句；4whever与no matter wh；5it作形式主语或形式宾语；6同位语从句的后移现象；7名词性从句的语序；8whether/if从句。关 注 节 点3“热”2“难”热点21 (2012辽宁卷)the newcomer went to the library the other day and searched for _he could find about mark twain.awherever bhowever cwhatever dwhichever答案cwhatever在宾语从句中作find的宾语。(湖南卷)she is very dear to us. we have been prepared to do _it takes to save her life.awhichever bhowever cwhatever dwhoever答案c句意：她是我们心爱的宝贝。我们准备不惜一切代价挽救她的生命。do后的宾语从句缺宾语，故选whatever(anything that)，引导宾语从句，又作takes的宾语。,whatever在名词性从句中whatever语气强，一般相当于what，可被其代替。he will do what/whatever he can to help us.两者均可，whatever最佳。热点22(2012福建卷)we promise _attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.awho bwhom cwhoever dwhomever答案cwhoever在宾语从句中作主语，promise sb sth结构。the prize will be given to _performs best.awho bwhom cwhoever dwhomever答案cwhoever在宾语从句中作主语，whoeveranyone who。,whoever/whomeverwho/whomwhoever/whomever名词性从句表示“的人”；who/whom名词性从句表示“谁”一件事。热点23(2012陕西卷)as many as five courses are provided, and you are free to choose _suits you best.awhatever bwhichever cwhenever dwherever答案bwhichever course在宾语从句中作主语，course上下文中省略。i was informed mr. black came from cambridge or oxford _now i cant remember.awhat bwhich cwhere dwhen答案b这里主要考查where(what)还是which。思路是这样的，当有备选范围时，就用which，如果没有就用where或what，根据具体情况。如比较下列两句：a.what do you like to read in the library? bthere are so many kinds of books in the library, which kind do you like to read best？故本题选b。,whatever/whicheverwhati dont know what color she likes.which在名词性从句中作定语whichn./pron.(单数)有范围so many books here, i dont know which one i should take.热点24 (2009陕西卷)the howto book can be of help to _wants to do the job.awho bwhomevercno matter who dwhoever答案d此处考查宾语从句，whoever在从句中作主语。however/whatever的适当形式填空_much work you must do, you should have a good rest._much work you must do cant prevent you from a good sleep.you can fetch _you like.you can fetch it _you like.答案however/no matter howhoweverwhateverwhatever/no matter what,wheverwho/whom/whoever/whomever除外鉴别办法：截枝法将从句去除，若主句主干结构即主谓(宾)/主系表完整，则考查状语从句(定语从句无whever引导词，同位语从句whever从未考查)；若主句结构不完整，则考查名词性从句。热点25 (2011江西卷)why dont you bring _to his attention that youre too ill to work on?athat bit cthis dhim答案bit作形式宾语，that youre too ill to work on作真正宾语。(2012江西卷)it suddenly occurred to him _he had left his keys in the office.awhether bwhere cwhich dthat答案dit occurred to sb that.表示“某人想到”。句意：他突然想到把钥匙落在办公室里了。it是形式主语，主语从句成分完整，不能用连接代词which引导；whether与where不符合句意。we feel _our duty that we should make our country a better place.ait bthis cthat done答案ait作形式宾语，that从句为真正的宾语。,常见句型1.2sb/sthv.it形式宾语 adj./n.热点26 (2012重庆卷)evidence has been found through years of study _childrens early sleeping problems are likely to continue when then grow up.awhy bhow cwhether dthat答案dthat childrens early.grow up是同位语从句，解释evidence内容，本句为同位语从句后移现象。(2011辽宁卷)when the news came _the war broke out, he decided to serve in the army.asince bwhich cthat dbecause答案c句意：当传来战争爆发的消息的时候，他决定去参军。the war broke out是news的具体内容，因此这是同位语从句，作news的同位语，且从句中不缺少句子成分，所以用连词that。that引导同位语从句虽不作任何成分，但不能省略。,同位语从句后移现象1同位语从句为了句子结构平衡，从主句谓语之前移至主句谓语之后。2定语从句后移现象与之极为类似，只是从句性质不同，详见定语从句热点13。热点27someone is ringing the doorbell.go and see _awho is he bwho he iscwho is it dwho it is答案d考查宾语从句语序和it指代人的用法。he looks upset but i dont know _with him.awhat is the matter bwhat the matter iscwhat the matter was dwhat was matter答案a考查从句语序。what is the matter为主系表结构。i wonder _i met him before!awhere was it bwhere was it thatcwhere it was dwhere it was that答案d考查从句语序。在从句中须用陈述语序。,1虽然所有从句(省略、倒装特殊句式除外)都须是陈述语序，但涉及从句语序问题，大多考查名词性从句，尤其宾语从句。2近年来强调句型和名词性从句结合考查语序比较常见。热点28 (2012天津卷)it doesnt matter _you turn right or left at the crossingboth roads lead to the park.awhether bhow cif dwhen答案ait为形式主语，考查主语从句，if只能引导宾语从句且有限制。(2012山东卷)it doesnt matter _you pay by cash or credit card in this store.ahow bwhether cwhat dwhy答案b题干的意思是：“在这家商店里，无论你用现金支付还是用信用卡支付都无关紧要。”由it doesnt matter“没关系”可知后面的意思应该是“无论(不管)还是”，又根据题干中的关键词or就很容易确定选b项，构成固定搭配whether.or.。how“如何”；what“什么”；why“为什么”。(2012安徽卷)the limits of a persons intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but _he reaches these limits will depend on his environment.awhere bwhether cthat dwhy答案b句意：一个人的智力极限，通常来说，出生时就已经定型了。但他是否能够达到这些极限取决于他所处的环境。根据depend on可知，主语从句含有不确定因素，可排除c。where表示地点，why表示原因，用于此处不合适，而使用whether表示“是否”，与题意吻合。(2010浙江卷)it is uncertain _side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it.athat bwhat chow dwhether答案b句意：尽管已经有近两千名病人服用了这种药品，但是，这种药品会带来什么副作用还不明确。考查名词性从句。设空处需引导主语从句，that无实际意义，在从句中不作成分；what什么，在从句中可作主语、宾语或表语，还可作定语修饰名词；how如何，多么，在从句中作方式状语或修饰形容词、副词；whether是否，在从句中作状语，不修饰名词。side effect为名词短语，故需用what修饰。,whetherif4种名词性从句宾语从句(有限制)whether to doif to dowhether从句可作介词宾语if从句不作介词宾语i dont know whether or not he will come.i dont know whether he will come or not.i dont know if or not he will come.i dont know if he will come or not.名词性从句攻略一、各类名词性从句的区别1who/whoever, what/whatever等的用法区别：一般说来，在名词性从句中what/who虽然不表示疑问的语气，但是所陈述的内容却是未知的，含特指意义，而whatever/whoever等含泛指意义，意为“无论什么，无论谁”，并且表达的语气很强烈。2whether/if的用法区别：whether和if在宾语从句中可以互换，但是作某些介词的宾语时连接词一般用whether；whether可与or not/or连用，用来引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句等，也可与动词不定式连用；if不能与动词不定式连用。3“疑问词ever”和“no matter疑问词”的区别；“疑问词ever”可引导名词性从句，在从句中充当一定的成分；还可引导让步状语从句；“no matter疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句，不能用于名词性从句中。二、要注意名词