浙江省高考英语二轮复习 科普知识阅读理解（2）.doc

科普知识阅读理解（2）科普知识（阅读理解）由 (2009安徽,c)改编sometimes,the simplest ideas are the best.for example,to absorb heat from the sun to heat water,you need large,flat,black surfaces.one way to do that is to build those surfaces specially,on the roofs of buildings.but why go to all that trouble when cities are full of black surfaces already,in the form of asphalt(柏油) roads?ten years ago,this thought came into the mind of arian de bondt,a dutch engineer.he finally persuaded his boss to follow it up.the result is that their building is now heated in winter and cooled in summer by a system that relies on the surface of the road outside.the heat-collector is a system of connected water pipes.most of them run from one side of the street to the other,just under the asphalt road.some,however,dive deep into the ground.when the street surface gets hot in summer,water pumped through the pipes picks up this heat and takes it underground through one of the diving pipes.at a depth of 100 metres lies a natural aquifer(蓄水层) into which several heat exchangers(交换器) have been built.the hot water from the street runs through these exchangers,warming the groundwater,before returning to the surface through another pipe.the aquifer is thus used as a heat store.in winter,the working system is changed slightly.water is pumped through the heat exchangers to pick up the heat stored during summer.this water goes into the building and is used to warm the place up.after performing that task,it is pumped under the asphalt and its remaining heat keeps the road free of snow and ice.1.which of the following is true according to the first two paragraphs?()a.arian de bondt got his idea from his boss.b.large,flat,black surfaces need to be built in cities.c.the dutch engineers system has been widely used.d.heat can also be collected from asphalt roads.2.for what purpose are the diving pipes used?()a.to absorb heat from the sun.b.to store heat for future use.c.to turn solar energy into heat energy.d.to carry heat down below the surface.3.from the last paragraph we can learn that .a.some pipes have to be re-arranged in winterb.the system can do more than warming up the buildingc.the exchangers will pick up heat from the street surfaced.less heat may be collected in winter than in summer4.what is most likely to be discussed in the paragraph that follows?()a.what we shall do if the system goes wrong.b.what we shall do if there are no asphalt roads.c.how the system cools the building in summer.d.how the system collects heat in spring and autumn.语篇解读:城市的黑色柏油路有了用武之地,可以用来收集热量,起到冬暖夏凉的功效。答案及剖析:1.d事实细节题。根据第二段的最后一句可知。2.d事实细节题。根据第四段第一句中的.takes it underground through one of the diving pipes.可知。3.b事实细节题。根据第五段最后一句的after performing that task,it is pumped.可知答案。4.c推理判断题。文章主要从两方面阐述通过柏油路储热的好处,首先是冬天供暖,下面应该讲述夏天降温。【长难句子分析】 the result主语 is系动词 that their building is now表语从句heated in winter and cooled in summer by a system表语从句(that relies on the surface of the road outside)定语从句表语从句。结果是通过依靠外面的路面这样一种系统,他们的建筑物冬天得到供暖,夏天得到降温。阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (a、b、c和d) 中, 选出最佳选项。【2013潍坊5月模拟】“oh，you must have been a spoiled (宠坏的) kid.you must be really bossy.i wonder what youre going to be like to deal with？” thats often the response angela hult gets when people find out shes an only child，she told abc news.despite such negative (消极的) remarks，hult has decided to have only one child herself.and shes not alone.according to the us office for national statistics，women approaching the end of their childbearing years had an average of 1.9 children in 2004，compared with 3.1 for their counterparts in 1976.the percentage of onechild families in britain had risen from 18 percent in 1972 to 26 percent in 2007.but even though only children are becoming increasingly common，the traditional view that theyre selfish，spoiled and lack social skills holds strong.even parents of only children，like hult，are made to feel guilty about having only one child.worried that theyre being selfish and endangering their childs future，they flock to online discussion forums seeking advice.soon，however，they ask themselves：is this social prejudice really reasonable?“there have been hundreds and hundreds of research studies that show that only children are no different from their peers (同龄人)，” susan newman，a social psychologist at rutgers university in the us，told abc news.this raises another question：why are only children still viewed with such suspicion?“there is a belief thats been around probably since humans first existed that to have just one child is somehow dangerous，both for you and for the continuation of your race，” toni falbo，a professor of educational psychology，told the guardian.“in the past a lot of children died.youd have had to be crazy to only have one.”times，of course，have changed and infant mortality (婴儿死亡率) has largely reduced.so what do only children themselves say?kayley kravitz，a blogger for the huffington post，grew up as an only child and highly recommends the experience.“being an only child taught me the most valuable skill of all：the ability to be alone，” she said.1which of the following could be the best title for the text?aare only children lonely?bare only children common?care only children dangerous?dare only children different?2what does susan newman mean?a only children are as good as their peers.bonly children are more selfish and spoiled.cparents feel guilty about having only one child.dparents will endanger their only childs future.3what is the common belief since human existed?athe infant death rate always stays high.bpeople are crazy to have only one child.cits easy for only children to earn their living.dits hard to continue the family line with only one child.4an only child like kayley_.amust be difficult to persuade bcan possibly learn to be alonecshould value special skills dneed ignore bad experience5whats the authors attitude towards having only one child?aneutral.bnegative.cpositive.ddoubtful.语篇解读本文是一篇议论文。尽管在英国越来越多的孩子都是独生子女，但很多人对独生子女的看法却依然如故，认为他们自私、娇气、缺少社交技能。对此，独生子女们有他们的看法。1解析：标题概括题。本文主要讨论了独生子女是否就是英国传统观念中的自私、娇气，缺少社交技能的人，所以d项最适合做文章的标题，故选d。答案：d2解析：细节理解题。根据第四段susan newman所说的话可知，成百上千的研究表明独生子女和别的孩子没有什么区别，故选a。答案：a3解析：细节理解题。根据文章第六段中的“there is a belief thats been around probably.both for you and for the continuation of your race”可知，自从人类存在以来，人们就认为只生一个孩子不论对你自己还是对种族的延续来说都是很危险的，故选d。答案：d4解析：细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中“being an only child.the ability to be alone”可知，选b。答案：b5解析：观点态度题。文中提到不同人对于独生子女的不同观点，但并没有直接提到作者自己的看法，由此可知，应选a，中立的。答案：a。阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (a、b、c和d) 中, 选出最佳选项。【2014烟台3月诊断性考试】fahad azad，an engineer in india，invented a robot named ductbot.the toycar sized ductbot measured 23 centimeters in length,19 centimeters in width and 9 centimeters in height and weighs just two kilograms.the robot is designed to snake through dark，narrow air conditioning ducts (管道) and clean them.a pair of leds fitted on the robot light up the dirty scenery，so it can be captured (抓拍) by a camera.in order to control it more easily，mr azad chooses to fix ductbot on wheels.the robot can clean off lots of dirt，as well as dead pigeons and insects.keeping indoor air in good quality and monitoring carbondioxide levels in buildings with central air conditioning is a challenge.it is important in some places where clean air can mean a difference between life and death，such as hospitals.dirty air has a bad influence on peoples health.epsco，a dubaibased company which specializes in improving indoor air quality，read about mr azads invention in a national newspaper after he had won an international robotics competition.epsco had cleaning equipment，but it needed someone to get into those ducts to do the dirty，dangerous work.across india，for example，the task still falls to children.they are small enough to go through those ducts.in 2005，mr azad who was still at university decided to do something about it.six years later his own company，robosoft systems，has bluestar，epsco and the indian navy，some leading air condition makers，as partners.mr azad and his ten employees are currently exploring robot designs to examine oil tanks or sewage (污水) pipes.their biggest challenge is to make the robots userfriendly enough.mr azad hopes that the robot could eventually be operated not by engineers but by workers.there will be lots of difficulties they need to overcome in the future.1what can we learn about ductbot?ait is a toy car and popular with children.bit is designed to move like a snake in the ducts.cmany leds are fitted on it to tell its location.dit is actually a camera to capture dirty scenery.2the underlined word “it” in paragraph 2 refers to “_”athe camerabthe conditioning ductcthe led light dthe dirty scenery3what can the ductbot do for us?aclean off the dirt in the ducts.bcontrol the central conditioning.creduce carbondioxide in buildings.dprotect more animals in city.4. according to the text，epsco_.ahas won an international robotics competitionbhired children to clean the dirty ducts in the pastcis the only partner of robosoft systemsdspecializes in improving peoples health5what is the main idea of the last paragraph?aonly engineers can operate the ductbot now.bnew ways have been found to examine oil tanks.cazads difficulties are impossible to overcome.dazads team