安徽省马鞍山市高考英语阅读理解、动词短语精讲讲练（4）.doc

辽宁马鞍山市2014高考英语阅读理解、动词短语精讲讲练（4）及答案 for thousands of years, the most important two buildings in any british village have been thechurch and the pub. traditionally, the church and the pub are at the heart of any village or town ,where the people gather together to socialize and exchange news. as a result, british pubs are often old and well preserved. many of them have become historicsites. the most famous example is the pub in the city of nottingham called the old trip to jerusa-lem. which dates hack to the year 1189 ad and is probably the oldest pub in england. however, british pubs are not just for kings and queens; they welcome people from all classesand parts of society. on a cold night, the pubs landlord or landlady can always find a warm place for you by the fire. there is always honest and hearty food and plenty of drink available at an affordable price. that s how things used to be. things are beginning to change. it is said that the credit crunch(信贷紧缩 ) is causing 39 british pubs a week to go out of business. people do not have enough spare money to spend on beer. recently, the uk government banned (禁止) smoking in all pubs, and that may also have affected the number of customers going to pubs. this decline(衰退) is happening despite the fact that in 2005 the uk government started to allow pubs to stay open after 11 p.m. previously, with 11 p.m. as closing time, customers would have to drink quite quickly, meaning they sometimes got more drunk than they would if allowed to drink slowly. the british habit of drinking a lot very quickly is known as binge drinking, and it causes long-term health problems for people and problems with violent crime for communities.in order to save their businesses, pubs are trying to change with the market. british pubs now offer something for everyone. a lot of pubs used to be working mens clubs, meaning that women could not usually enter. today, however, women can freely enter 99% of pubs without experiencing any problems. perhaps things are changing for the better after all.64. the passage mainly tells us something about _ a. the long history of british pubs b: the decline of british pubsc. the past and present of british pubs d. the importance of british pubs65. which may not be the cause of the decline of british pubs? a. the credit crunch. b. the present closing time. c. the ban of smoking. d. having no spare money.66. we can infer from the passage that_. a. binge drinking means drinking less beerb. british people used to like drinking slowly c. closing the pubs early will reduce social problemsd. british government aims to discourage people from binge drinking67. we can see from the last paragraph that the author _. a. holds an optimistic attitude towards the british pubsb. is against the admission of too many women to the pulbs c. thinks that women in the pubs will cause less social problems d. thinks that british pubs should offer everything you need*结束 with only two weeks to go before christmas, buying presents is a lug priority for a lot of people. however, this year not so many people are leaving their homes to browse around the shops. these days lots of people do their shopping in the comfort of their own home with the help of the internet. online shopping is becoming more and more popular for a number of reasons: prices are often lower online, you dont have to queue up in busy shops and you can buy almost any product imagin- able with just a few clicks of your mouse. computer trends are often man-dominated but this year women are expected to do more shop-ping on the internet than men. it seems .that women are now more attracted to the convenience of on-line shopping than they used to be.average spending online this christmas by women will rise to $240 compared to the slightly lower average $233 for men, while the average spending per person on the high street is only $197. 70% of lnternet users, male and female, are now buying their christmas gifts online. in the past a lot of people were unwilling to shop online. many were worried about the security of entering their card details on the intemet and the reliability of the internet but as shopping; online has become more widespread, these worries have begun to disappear. 45% of internet users still do have security worries but it hasnt slowed the ever-increasing numbers of online shoppers. one victim of the online shopping boom is the uk high street. christmas trading can represent up to 60% of turnover for some stores. many companies are concerned that not enough shoppers are coming through their doors in the run-up to christmas. as a result there are lots of special offers in the shops. most shops traditionally have sales after christmas but this year the bargains have come early.68. why dont people browse around the shops to buy christmas presents thus year? a. because they dont have enough time. b. because christmas is two weeks away. c. because they go shopping on the lnternet. d. because it isnt convenient for them to leave their houses. 69. which of the following is not the reason for people liking online shopping? a. lower prices. b. using the bank cards. c. saving time. d. buying almost whatever you want.70. why were people unwilling to shop online in the past? a. because men were against shopping online. b. because there were fewer goods on the internet. c. because people worried about the safety of their bank cards. d. because they didnt trust the quality of the goods on the internet.71. many companies on the uk high street have special offers before christmas a. to beat online shops b. to attract more customers c. to reward the customers d. to reduce the competitions among them*结束 berlin-with the crisis in japan raising fears about nuclear power, germany and switzerland said on monday that they would reassess(重新评估) the safety of their own reactors. doris leuthard, the swiss energy minister, said switzerland would put off plans to build nuclear plants. she said no new ones would be permitted until experts had reviewed safety standards. germany will put off the recently decided extension of the running time of cerman nuclear plants, chancellor angela merkel told reporters. this moratorium (延缓) will run for three months and it will allow for a thorough exanunation of the safety standards of the countrys 17 nuclear power plants. the european union called for a meeting on tuesday of nuclear safety authorities to assess europes preparedness. germanys foreign minister, cuido westerwelle, called for a new risk analysis of the counitry snuclear plants, particularly regarding their cooling systems. he is the leader of the free democratic party, which strongly supports nuclear power. a previous government,led by the social democrats, passed a law in 2001 to close all the countrys nuclear plants by 2021. but mrs. merkel s government changed that decision last year to extend the lives of the plants by an average of 12 years. in switzerland, doris leuthard said she had already asked to analyze the exact cause of the problems in japan and draw up new or tougher safety standards particularly in terms of seismic(地震的 )safety and cooling.in russia, the prime minister said his govemment would draw conclusions from whats goingon in japan.72. where can you most likely read this passage? a. in a diary. b. in a magazine. c. in a science report. d. ln a newspaper.73. how will germany react to japans nuclear crisis? a. germany will change the decision made last year. b. germany will close all the countrys nuclear plants, c. germany will hold a meeting of nuclear safety authorities. d. germany will delay the extension of nuclear plants running time. .74. the author mentions all the following except a. russia will try to ieam something from the nuclear power crisis in japan. b. the social democrats in germany shares the same view with the free democratic party. c. the moratorium in cermany will give time to examine the nuclear plants safety standards. d. switzerland will not build new nuclear plants unless they meet the experts safety standards.75. what is the best title of the passage? a. nuclear plants in europe are delayed b. europe is against building nuclear plants c. opinions on nuclear power are opposite. d. watch out for the danger of nuclear power参考答案动词和动词词组重点2 五种基本句型中的动词使用简单句的五种基本句型，通常与及物动词、不及物动词和系动词密不可分。1.主语+不及物动词理解不及物动词在此句型中的常用法：（1）一般表达型。此类不及物动词常可与表示距离、持续时间、重量、价值等的副词修饰语连用。如：boy, can you go any farther? boy, can you go any farther? 伙计，你还走得动吗？the smoke from our fire rose straight up in the still air.我们生的火冒出的烟在无风的空气中袅袅上升。（2）主动形式表示被动含义型。此类常见的动词或短语有：read, sell wash, write, open, draw, wear, happen, take place, break out ,last ,go out ,run out ,cost, spread等。如：the tickets to the play sold well。那台戏的戏票很畅销。the accident happened outside my house.这个事故发生在我家房子的外面。典例1food and drink are _,but the men are still cheerful and confident.a. running out b. going out c. spreading d. happening解析 a 不及物动词的考查。动词run out表示“被用完”； go out 表示“出去，熄灭”；spread表示“传播”；happen表示“发生”。根据句意：食物和饮料快用光了，但这些人仍旧很愉快和自信。2.主语+及物动词+宾语理解及物动词在此句型中带宾语的用法：(1)及物动词+名词或代词作宾语。如：he raised his arms above his head.他把手臂举过头顶。will you be spending your holiday abroad this year?你今年准备到国外去度假吗？(2)及物动词+动名词作宾语。此类及物动词或动词短语有：avoid, mind, miss, suggest, finish, practice, imagine, enjoy, delay, escape, feel like, put off ,insist on ,give up, cant help, stick to等。如：i suggested taking a walk.我建议去散步。you must not give up studying.你不该放弃学习。(3)及物动词+不定式作宾语。此类及物动词有：afford, agree, ask, expect, hope, want, wish, manage, pretend, decide, determine, learn,offer, plan, refuse等。如：i hope to go to college.我希望上大学。the firm could not afford to pay such large salaries.公司无法支付如此巨额的工资。（4）既可接动名词又可接动词不定式的动词（见非谓语动词专题之热点）。3.主语+系动词+表格系动词在此句型中的用法：be, become, come, get, smell, taste, feel, sound, remain, stay, appear, go, turn, fall, run, keep等。（1）系动词+形容词作表语。如： that argument sounds reasonable,那个观点听起来有道理。（2）系动词+名词作表语。如：later he became an acrobat.他后来成为一名杂技演员。（3）系动词+副词、介词短语或反身代词作表语。如：he is near,他在附近。典例2the cooking chicken in the pot _very good.a. smells b. feels c. sounds d. tastes解析 a 系动词考查题。根据the cooking chicken正在煮的的鸡肉，推断出“闻起来很香”，故用smell。其它feel感觉起来；sound听起来；taste尝起来，均不合题意。4.主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语（1）用to变换间接宾语的动词：bring, give, hand, offer, show, teach, throw, pass, pay, send, sell, return, tell, allow, lend等。如：could you bring me the book?或 could you bring the book to me ?请你把那本书带给我好吗？（2）用for变换间接宾语的动词make,buy,choose,cook,find,get,order,paint,sing, spare,fetch等。如：he bought me a bottle of ink.或he bought a bottle of ink for me .他为我买了一瓶墨水。（3）用for和to或其它介词变换间接宾语的动词：do, leave, play等。如：will you do me a favor?或 will you do a favor for me ?你能帮我忙吗？典例3 smoking will_harm to you .please get rid of it.a. do b. give c. make d. find解析 a 接双宾语的动词考查题。此句的harm为直接宾语，to you为间接宾语。句意为：吸烟对你有害，请戒掉烟吧。从搭配而言，常说do sb.harm 或do harm to sb。故选a。5.主语+及物动语+宾语+宾补（1）接名词作宾补的动词：find, think, elect, name, call, appoint, consider, make, leave等。如：they usually call the baby dick,他们经常把婴儿的名字称为迪克。（2）接形容词作宾补的动词：keep, get, lay, drink, push, paint, set, turn, drive, let, call, cut, break, open, hold等。如：she will make him happy.她将使他幸福。please cut the stick short.请把这根棍子砍短点。（3）接副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等作宾补的及物动词：leave, put ,see, notice, watch, observe等。如：he left me waiting in the rain.他让我在雨中等。典例4 i found _impossible _him _his mind.a. this, to make; change b. it;