英语语法大全之谓语的47种类型 4.doc

济南沃尔得国际英语10STVNPN or G（John found fault with me）无数及物动词和特定的名词和介词构成成语。整个成语可以看作及物动词，因为它们可用名词、代词或动名词作宾语：aThey caught hold of（=seized） the thief； caught sight of （=spied） a strange star；declared war on（or against）a foreign country； found fault with（=censured）me；gained possession of（=got）a large estate；got notice from the police； gave warning to（=warned）us；had （an）interest in（=liked）music；left word with the office boy；lost sight of（=forgot）their purpose；lost touch with（=could not communicate with）all their friends；made war on（=fought）a foreign country；put confidence in（=trusted）me；put（or lost）faith in everyone；took care of their children；took （a） pride in their workbThey asked a favour of you； did a good turn to（=did a service to）me；did an injury to their brother；drew（or formed ） a conclusion from（=inferred from）this fact；entertained a fear for（=worried about） this adventure；extended an invitation to（=invited） all their friends；formed an estimate of（=estimated） his abilities；gave an account of（=related）the accident； gave an order to（=ordered）us； gave a trial to the candidate：had a lesson in （=learned）EnglishcThey asked the favour of an early supply；cleared the way for the Queen；got（or had）the start of（=gained an adventage over） their rivals；got the better（or the best）of （=overcame）their competitors；lost the use of their legs；took the consequences of（=submitted to the results of）their folly；took the place of（=replaced）other membersdHe cleared his mind of prejudice；directed our attention to the vice；did his duty to（or by） his country；found his way to my village；gave his love to his parents；paid his addresses to（=courted）her；raised his voice against（=opposed）the manager；set his mind on（=attended to） his business； shook his head at the news；thrust（or poked ，pushed）his nose into（=meddled officiously in） everything；took his eyes off her；took his choice of the books he needed；turned his attention to exportation；turned his back on（or to）（=forsook）his friendseThey did much damage to the car；had little notion of this project；had no objection to your proposal；had no patience for（=couldnt stand） those fools； had some relations with the government；made（or lost） a lot of money over coffee；made some reference to Shakespeare；saw no harm in LSD；took no delight in（=didnt like） reading；took some interest in music ；took little notice of the crimefHe had dealings with（=did business with）us； will go shares with（= divide profits or cost with） his friends；made friends with politicians；made preparations（or arrangements）for the journey；shook hands with us；took pains over the work；took photographs of us； took precautions against theft； took sides with（=supported）a certain political party这种动词成语不仅如上面例句表示的，可以用名词作宾语，也可像下面例句表示的，可用动名词作宾语：gHe aimed his efforts at studying nuclear energy；bore the responsibility of paying the debt of his son；gave his mind to bringing up his children； had no patience for waiting so long；had the pleasure of dancing with Mary；laid claim to being respected as a man；made preparations for starting at 3 am；didnt see his way（clear）to（=didnt find it possible or good）becoming a money-lender；saw no harm in smoking；took no interest in learning any trade；laid claim to being the father of a famous actress who had been an orphan无数及物动词可与特定的介词连用，但与作宾语的名词关系并不紧密。这种句型与其说是“TVNPN or G”这类，不如说是带状语的“TVN”类型：I gave the money to JohnThank you for your kindnessCompare this with thatDont throw stones at that dogHe prepared us for the examShe keeps her children from harmPlease translate this poem into ChineseIt reminds me of her pretty eyesHe asked（or begged，implored）her for pardon（or aid）They banished（or dismissed，expelled） him from that placeThey charged（or presented，provided，supplied，furnished）him with somethingWhat prevents you from coming？ I warned him against doing evilI paid him for having done something for meI must keep my feet from getting wetI talked him into believing meThey excused me for making a mistakeThey forced us into fighting 11STVRPN or G（John prided himself on his new car）约有60个及物动词可和反身代词和特定的介词构成成语，整个成语可以看作及物动词：aI availed myself of（=make use of） his offer（or this chance）I prepared myself for a journey to Singapore and other countriesI occupied myself with（or addressed myself to，applied myself to，engaged myself in，employed myself in）（=was busy in）literary work （ or reading，studying a problem）；threw myself into（=took a vigorous part in） the contest（or teaching）He betook himself to（=resorted to） his old job（or his legs，his heels）；lost himself in studiesbHe allied himself to（or with）（=was united with）a rich family；associated himself with the firm（or the party，the movement）；engaged himself to a businessman（or a woman）；concerned himself with（or about） the exam；enrolled himself in the armycHe helped himself to（=stole）my watch；served himself with the cake；possessed himself of（=obtained）a horse；gorged himself on chickendHe prided himself on（=was proud of） his new car；valued himself on his birth； plumed himself on his appearance；pique himself on his dresseHe indulged himself（=gratify himself）with wine（or in wine）；addicted（or delivered up，gave up，abandoned）himself to pleasure（or dissipation，wine，drinking，gambling，grief，bad habits）；lost himself to her；dedicated himself to education；devoted himself to music；submitted himself to discipline（or his wife）；yielded himself to temptationfHe familiarized himself with（=made himself well acquainted with） business； accustomed himself to the weather；accommodated（ or adapted）himself to new circumstances；reconciled himself to（or with）（=overcome his objections to） his enemies（or his fate，his lot，the situation，a life of poverty）gHe troubled himself about such a small matter；worried himself about the education of his childrenHe delighted（or contented）himself with his success（or the result）；enjoyed（or amused）himself with wine and women；refreshed himself with coffeeHe bethought himself of a planHe has satisfied himself of the truth of the report；cant assure（or persuade）himself of my sincerityhHe intruded himself on my companyHe avenged（or revenged）himself on his enemyHe defended himself against robbery；guarded himself against vice；set himself against everyoneHe broke himself of a bad habit；freed himself of eviliHe distinguished himself for braveryHe ingratiated himself with （=flattered）his bossHe absented himself from schoolHe excused himself from comingjThe problem resolved itself into a question of moneyThis trifle developed itself into a serious problemThe snow melted itself into water It burned itself into ashesIt changed（or transformed）itself into a giantThe kingdom divided itself into threeI engaged myself in making dress He threw himself into teachingHe addicted himself to gamblingHe accustomed himself to living on the mountainHe amused himself by readingYou must resign（ or reconcile）yourself to living a hard lifeI excused myself from attending the party 12STVI或 S TVN I（John wanted to swim）约有90个及物动词用不定式（而不是动名词）作宾语：aHe wished（or hoped，delighted）to go； wanted to know it； schemed（or arranged） to kill his rival； tended （or desired） to fight； meant to help you；aimed to become a doctor；thought（=intended）（现在用得较少） to go；ached（or yearned，longed）to be free；trusted（=earnestly hoped）to hear from you soonShe admired（=intended）（美式） to learn RussianHe did not care to gobHe volunteered to help me；offered to buy my house（or to strike me）；chose（or elected） to remain hereHe hesitated to go；didnt scruple to steal；hastened to tell me；decided（ or determined，resolved，concluded）to marry her；vowed（or swore） to revenge himselfHe promised （or agreed，consented） to pay me soonThey have contracted to build a large theatreHe threatened not to pay mecHe condescended（or deigned）to help me（or to offer me tea）；vouchsafed to answerHe submitted to be punishedHe refused（or declined）to lend me the money；scorned （书面语）to accept the bribe，disdained（书面语） to speak with the hypocriteHe demanded（or required） to see my passport；asked（or applied，begged）to see the king；moved to postpone the decisiondHe could（not）afford to wait（or to be generous，to be idle）； managed to control his temper；will never manage to learn；contrived to live a simple life（or to make matter worse）They tried（or sought）to kill their enemy；endeavoured（or strove，struggled）to be independenteThey wont trouble（or bother）to do such a thing；do not care to see itThey undertook（or guaranteed，engaged）to pay me the debtThey helped（us）（to） build the houseThey expect to be there at noonThey never thought（or expected）to see me againThey pretended （or affected，made believe）to be rich men；claimed（or professed） to know everythingfThey dared（or ventured） to do it；wont presume to criticise usMay I venture（or presume）（=take the liberty）to ask you a few questions？ They learned to swimThey prepared to leave here；started out（or set out）（=began）to write a report；proceeded to play music；moved to arrest the criminalThey deserved to enjoy this priviledgeThis child needs to be spankedgHe grew to believe itHow did he come（=begin） to know it？ How came you to love her？ The extra job serves to increase my incomeThese sentences will suffice to explain the use of the verbHer looks contribute to show herjoyThat just goes to show your ignoranceEvery man tends（or inclines） to believe in himselfThe boy bids fair to succeed（or to be an engineer）有些动词在不定式前可加 for 引起的短语，表示意义上的主语：We planned for him to comeWe arranged for something to be doneHe wanted（for）his son to be happyThe ringing of the bell meant for them to come to dinnerWe have decided for the meeting to take place on the 3rd（=decided that the meeting should take place on the 3rd）He doesnt deserve for you to help him在下面句子中及物动词和后面跟的名词构成成语，可以看作一个单一的及物动词，后面跟不定式作宾语：He had a good mind（=earnestly wished）to do it； tried his best（= endeavoured）to find out a solution； took the trouble to consult a dictionary；took （good） care not to trouble her；had not the heart to leave her； made up his mind（= decided） to go abroad； had to make shift to set up a hut；saw his way（clear） to criticise（or praise） them有些动词，看起来像是及物动词却不是及物动词，可以和to构成词组，起助动词的作用：You ought to（=should）obey your parentsYou want to（=should）be more carefulI shall have to（=must） goI（have） got to（=must） go nowI am to（=must） see himHe stands to（=may） win（or lose） the gameHe is going to（=will） leave hereHe failed to（=should，but did no） answer herHe appeared（or seemed） to know itHe used to come at seven，and usednt to come at eightHe chanced（or happened）to meet me thereHe turned out（or proved） to have discovered our secret试比较下面句子：He is certain（or sure） to（=will certainly）succeedHe is likely to（=may） come this eveningHe is able to（=can） speak EnglishHe is allowed to（=may） do what he likesHe is obliged to（=must） go at onceHe is bound to（=must） goHe is in a position（or a situation）to（=can） help his friends在上面所举动词之后不可加动名词：I wanted going abroad（错句）He promised helping me（错句） 13STV G（John enjoyed swimming）约有100个及物动词用动名词（而不是不定式）作宾语：aYou cannot avoid making mistakesThey will evade answering my questionsHow can he escape being punished？ I will never shirk helping my good friendsI cannot help thinking so（or laughing）（=I cannot but think so or laugh）She could not resist telling him everythingbThey commenced（or set about，fell to） building a bridgeThey kept（ on）waiting there，and you kept（ on）drinkingHe resumed studying FrenchHe has finished（ or completed，done） writing the lettersYou must stop（or quit） drinkingPerhaps you cant believe；he has renounced smoking cigars，given up（or given over） playing the fool，left off being idleI have to delay（or postpone，defer，put off） meeting him（or going to the doctor）cI will consider（or contemplate） cooperating with himHe mentioned learning Japanese；reported having done all his work；described their making liquor with riceThey suggested（you） making a trip to JapanHe advocated（or urged）（our） using forceHe encouraged（our） spending less and earning moreHe advised（or counselled）（your）trying once moreHe recommended（our） increasing the salarydHe enjoyed eating Vietnamese food；relished watching women passing by；fancied going to the movies；adored （=liked very much口语体） being praisedHe appreciated your assisting himI detest（ or abominate，loathe）working at night；resent being laughed at；dislike accompanying her；reject giving him any aid；favoured taking a decisive stepThey depreciated（=expressed disapproval of） building a big library；officially sanctioned floggingDo you mind opening the door（or his smoking，being awakened，taking this letter to the post office）？ I dont mind opening the door（or his smoking，being awakened）eHe admitted（or acknowledged） having done something wrong；owned （or owned to，confessed，confessed to）killing her；denied stealing it；disclaimed having tempted anyone to do evilI doubt having any chancefHe risked offending somebody（or losing all he had，getting hurt，being robbed）Should he chance being caught，he would be put to deathHe faced being isolated from societyHe missed eating a good dinner（or seeing such a good play）I will await hearing from yougI do not understand driving a car；cant understand his behaving like thatI practised playing the pianoShe aped being a highborn ladyhFancy doing everything for nothing（ or meeting you here）Could you fancy meeting her here？ I cannot fancy doing such a silly thingI cannot imagine marrying such a manI did anticipate （=look forward to） having a good time at ChristmasiThey dont allow（ our） talking loud in public；never permit（our） screaming in the house； tolerate（our） smoking and gambling；forbade（our） speaking loud； hindered（or prevented）（our） committing the same mistakes；barred smoking and playing cardsI never forgive（or pardon，excuse） spitting in public placesHe grudged paying me（= was unwilling to pay me）（or having to pay double the price，my living a happy life）；repented learning too lateShe felt like swimming（or crying）；burst out crying（or laughing）jThis measure means changing the whole systemThe visit entailed buying gifts for childrenThe plan includes building a churchMoney justifies doing evilThis proposal involves increasing the school feeThis implied condemning him to deathThe new system facilitates pronouncing Chinese charactersThe birth of another baby necessitated earning moreThis provokes（or excites）vomiting（or crying） 有些及物动词后动名词的前面须有意义上的主语，正像上面的某些句子所表现的：I cannot approve his（or him）behaving like that（用him 的时候比用his时更多一些。）Mother welcomed their（them）visiting her at her villa I protest his（or him）treating me like a slaveI often picture myself living a beautiful lifeI denounced anybodys（or anybody）telling liesDennis announced Gregs（or Greg）getting marriedWe applaud Adas（or Ada）making so wise a decision在某些动词后可跟there being这种结构： I doubt there being any mistakeHe admitted there being some mistakesHe didnt mind there being any wild beasts there1388 在上面所举动词之后不可用不定式：I enjoy to eat bananas（错句）He avoided to meet her（错句） 14STVI or G（John liked to swim or swimming）约有50个动词既可用不定式也可用动名词作宾语：aI cannot endure（or bear，stand）to be（or being）cheatedWe proposed（or intended，planned，designed，purposed）to abolish（or abolishing）the outdated rules He attempted to get（or getting）rid of all the beggarsHe forbore to say（or saying）anything against anybodyHe neglected（or omitted）to pay（or paying）the feebShe started to cry（or crying）before getting hurtHe declined to speak（or speaking）at the party He continued（or discontinued）to stay（or staying） thereI dread（or fear）to climb（or climbing）the mountainWe need to learn（or learning）somethingHe scorned to cheat（or cheating）anyone有一些动词，在某些上下文中需用不定式作宾语，在另一些上下文中需用动名词作宾语：aHe（表示人的主语）began to cry，to eat，to dance（or crying，eating，dancing）It（表示物的主语）began to boil（or to rain，to move）（而不说boiling，raining，moving）He（人）ceased to write（or writing）It（物）ceased to harden（而不说hardening）（不过有些作家不承认这一差别）bHe began to know it（or to love it，to see it，to under- stand，to feel sad，to be suspected）（而不说knowing it，loving it，etc）（在表示一种被动的心理状态时，begin可用不定式作宾语，而不用动名词作宾语。）He got（or grewbecame）（=began）to know（or to believe，to care for）her但是：They got（=began）quarrelling（or talking，laughing，playing）（美式英语）cI prefer studying music to（介词）doing businessI prefer to study music rather than（to）do（不定式） business另一些动词用不定式作宾语和用动名词作宾语意义不同：aYou must stop thinking（=not think any more）；stop to think（=stop doing something else and begin to think）He forgot meeting（or having met）you at a hotel（=had met you but forgot it）；forgo