河北省秦皇岛市抚宁县高考英语阅读理解和书面表达训练（3）.doc

河北省秦皇岛市抚宁县2016高考英语阅读理解和书面表达训练（3）阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的a,b,c或d四个选项中，选出最佳选项。below is a selection from a popular science book.if blood is red，why are veins(静脉) blue?actually，veins are not blue at all.they are more of a clear，yellowish colour.although blood looks red when its outside the body，when its sitting in a vein near the surface of the skin，its more of a dark reddish purple colour.at the right depth，these bloodfilled veins reflect less red light than the surrounding skin，making them look blue by comparison.which works harder，your heart or your brain? that kind of depends on whether youre busy thinking or busy exercising.your heart works up to three times harder during exercise，and shifts enough blood over a lifetime to fill a supertanker.but，in the long run，your brain probably tips it，because even when youre sitting still your brain is using twice as much energy as your heart，and it takes four to five times as much blood to feed it.why do teeth fall out，and why dont they grow back in grownups?baby (or “milk”) teeth do not last long；they fall out to make room for bigger，stronger adult teeth later on.adult teeth fall out when they become damaged，decayed and infected by bacteria.once this second set of teeth has grown in，youre done.when theyre gone，theyre gone.this is because nature figures youre set for life，and what controls regrowth of your teeth switches off.do old people shrink as they age?yes and no.many people do get shorter as they age.but，when they do，it isnt because theyre shrinking all over.they simply lose height as their spine(脊柱) becomes shorter and more curved due to disuse and the effects of gravity(重力)many (but not all) men and women do lose height as they get older.men lose an average of 34 cm in height as they age，while women may lose 5 cm or more.if you live to be 200 years old，would you keep shrinking till you were，like 60 cm tall，like a little boy again？no，because old people dont really shrink！it is not that they are growing backwardstheir legs，arms and backbones getting shorter.when they do get shorter，its because the spine has shortened a little.or，more often，become more bent and curved.why does spinning make you dizzy(眩晕的)?because your brain gets confused between what youre seeing and what youre feeling.the brain senses that youre spinning using special gravityandmotionsensing organs in your inner ear，which work together with your eyes to keep your vision and balance stable.but，when you suddenly stop spinning the system goes out of control，and your brain thinks youre moving while youre not!where do feelings and emotions come from?mostly from an ancient part of the brain called the limbic system.all mammals have this brain areafrom mice to dogs，cats，and humans.so all mammals feel basic emotions like fear，pain and pleasure.but since human feelings also involve other，newer bits of the brain，we feel more complex emotions than any other animal on the planet.if exercise wears you out，how can it be good for you?because our bodies adapt to everything we do to them.and as far as your body is concerned，its “use it，or lose it”！its not that exercise makes you healthy；its more that a lack of exercise leaves your body weak and easily affected by disease.1what is the colour of blood in a vein near the surface of the skin?ablue. blight yellow.cred. ddark reddish purple.解析细节理解题。根据第一个标题下的“.its more of a dark reddish purple colour.”可知答案。答案d。2why do some old people look a little shrunken as they age?abecause their spine is in active use.bbecause they are more easily affected by gravity.cbecause they keep growing backwards.dbecause their spine becomes more bent.解析细节理解题。根据第四个标题下的“they simply lose height as their spine(脊柱) becomes shorter and more curved due to disuse and the effects of gravity(重力)”可知，老年人变矮是因为脊柱收缩和弯曲造成的。答案d。3which of the following statements about our brain is true?ain the long run，our brain probably works harder than our heart.bwhen our brain senses the spinning，we will feel dizzy.cthe brains of the other mammals are as complex as those of humans.dour feelings and emotions come from the most developed area in our brain.解析细节理解题。根据第二个标题下的第三句“but，in the long run，your brain.”可知答案为a项。此题最易误选b项，根据第五个标题下的最后一句可知，眩晕是由于 “你已经不动了，而你的大脑认为你还在动”的错觉引起的。答案a。4what is the main purpose of the selection?ato give advice on how to stay healthy.bto provide information about our body.cto challenge new findings in medical research.dto report the latest discoveries in medical science.解析写作意图题。考生易误选d项，但是在医学领域，概括失误。文章主要涉及我们身体的问题，包括身体的、情绪的等等。故选择b项较全面。答案b。阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的a,b,c或d四个选项中，选出最佳选项。playa grande, costa rica? this resort town was long known for leatherback sea turtle (棱皮龟) national park, nightly turtle beach tours and even a sea turtle museum. however, on a beach where dozens of turtles used to nest on a given night, scientists spied only 32 leatherbacks all of last year. with leatherbacks threatened with extinction (灭绝), playa grandes turtle museum was abandoned three years ago and now sits among a sea of weeds. and the beachside ticket office for turtle tours was washed away by a high tide in september. “we do not promote that as a turtle tourism destination any more because we realize there are far too few turtles to please,” said alvaro fonseca, a park ranger (管理员). even before scientists found temperatures going up over the past decade, sea turtles were threatened by beach development, drift net fishing and costa ricans interest in eating turtle eggs. but climate change may cause the most serious harm to an animal that has lived in the pacific for 150 million years. sea turtles are sensitive to numerous effects of warming. they feed on reefs, which are dying in hotter seas. they lay eggs on beaches that are being covered by rising seas and more violent waves. more uniquely their gender (性别) is determined, not by genes but by the eggs temperature during development. small rises in beach temperatures can result in ail-female populations, obviously problematic for survival. if the sand around the eggs hits 30 degrees celsius, the gender balance shits to females: at about 32 degrees they are all female. above 34, you get boiled eggs. on some nesting beaches, scientists are artificially cooling nests with shade or irrigation and trying to protect broader areas of coastal property from development to ensure that turtles have a place to nest as the seas rise. 1. why does the resort town stop promoting its turtle tourism? a. it decides not to disturb the turtles normal life. b. tourists have lost interest in watching turtles. c. there are only very few turtles now. d. the turtle museum was destroyed by a high tide. 2. which of the following is the major factor in the turtles endangerment? a. the locals eating habit. b. drift net fishing. c. beach development. d. global warming. 3. we learn from the last paragraph that scientists. a. are doing research on the sea rise b. are moving turtles to new homesc. are protecting turtles nests d. are getting rid of sea weeds4. the passage intends to. a. introduce a special kind of sea turtleb. explain the mystery of turtles eggsc. show the dangers a certain kind of turtle is facingd. attract more visitors to a sea turtle museum【参考答案】14、cdcc 阅读理解。since the 1970s, scientists have been searching for ways to link the brain with computers. brain-computer interface(bci) technology could help people with disabilities send commands to machines.recently, two researchers, jose millan and michele tavella from the federal polytechnic school in lausanne, switzerland, demonstrated（展示）a small robotic wheelchair directed by a persons thoughts.in the laboratory, tavella operated the wheelchair just by thinking about moving his left or right band. he could even talk as he watched the vehicle and guided it with his thoughts.“our brain has billions of nerve ceils. these send signals through the spinal cord （脊髓）to the muscles to give us the ability to move. but spinal cord injuries or other conditions can prevent these weak electrical signals from reaching the muscles,” tavella says. “our system allows disabled people to communicate with external world and also to control devices.”the researchers designed a special cap for the user. this head cover picks up the signals from the scalp(头皮) and sends them to a computer. the computer interprets the signals and commands the motorized wheelchair. the wheelchair also has two cameras that identify objects in its path. they help the computer react to commands from the brain. prof. millan, the team leader, says scientists keep improving the computer software that interprets brain signals and turns them into simple commands. “the practical possibilities that bci technology offers to disabled people can be grouped in two categories: communication, and controlling devices. one example is this wheelchair.”he says his team has set two goals. one is testing with real patients, so as to prove that this is a technology they can benefit front. and the other is to guarantee that they can use the technology over long periods of time.1.bci is a technology that can a. help to update computer systems b. link the human brain with computersc. help the disabled to recover d. control a persons thoughts2. how did tavella operate the wheelchair in the laboratory?a. by controlling his muscles. b. by talking to the machine.c. by moving his hand. d. by using his mind.3. which of the following shows the path of the signals described in paragraph 5?a. scalp computer cap wheelchairb. computer cap scalp wheelchairc. scalp cap computer wheelchaird. cap compute scalp wheelchair4. the team will test with real patients to a. make profits from them b. prove the technology useful to themc. make them live longer d. learn about their physical condition5. which of the following would be the best title for the text?a. switzerland, the bci research centerb. new findings about how the human brain worksc. bci could mean more freedom for the disabledd. robotic vehicles could help to cure brain injuries【文章大意】科普说明文。本文介绍了bci脑机接口技术，它是帮助残疾人向机器输送指令。【参考方案】1-5、bdcbc键词应该出现在标题中，选b。【2014高考英语广东省中山市华侨中学一模试题】基础写作（共1小题，满分15分） 你是校报小记者，最近进行了一次采访。以下是这次采访的情况：时间：上周末 对象：眼科医生(eye-doctor)王教授 主题：我国中小学生近视(short-sightedness)问题 基本信息：(1)发生率：略高于50 (2)人数：世界第一 专家解读：(1)原因：很复杂 (2)治疗：没有哪一种药物能治愈近视 (3)建议：不要过度用眼；多参加户外活动 (4)特别提示：如何握笔也和近视有关写作内容 根据以上情况写一篇采访报道，并包括如下内容：1采访的时间、对象和主题；2中小学生近视的发生率及人数；3专家解读。写作要求 只能使用5个句子表达全部内容。评分标准 句子结构准确，信息内容完整，篇章连贯。【参考范文】基础写作：last weekend, i had an interview with an eye-doctor, professor wang, about the primary and middle students short-sightedness in our country. it is said that slightly more than 50% students, which ranks no. 1 in the world, are short-sighted. professor wang said the reason of short-sightedness is complicated and there is still no cure for short-sightedness. he suggested that we should avoid overusing our eyes and do more outdoor exercise. whats more, since the holding of pen has something to do with the short-sightedness, we need to pay attention to using the pen.【2014高考英语广东省中山市华侨中学一模试题】读写任务（共1小题，满分25分）阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。the “clean your plate” campaign was started by nongovernmental organizations and activists, which urged people to save food by not wasting anything on the dining table. the campaign, launched on weibo, was soon joined by millions of netizens across china to fight against food waste.the estimated annual waste of grain in china reaches 50 million tons, enough to feed about 200 million people for a year.people from across china support the campaign. the central government has promised to take measures to reduce food waste, take the lead in saving food and follow a simple working style.more and more chinese are saying “no” to food waste. staff members of a restaurant set off a campaign encouraging customers to stop food waste in qingdao, shandong province, jan. 24. “did you empty the dishes today?” has become the most popular question in china. showing an empty dish also turns a new fashion among chinese netizens.in some restaurants there are signs reminding the diners not to waste food. some even offer awards to the customers who eat all their food, as part of the campaign to reduce waste. more and more restaurants kindly remind and encourage customers to take their leftovers away.写作内容1. 以约30个词概括上文的主要内容。2. 以约120个词就“光盘行动”的话题谈谈你的想法，内容包括：(1) “光盘行动”产生的背景；(2) “光盘行动”的作用；(3) 你对“光盘行动”的看法和诉求。写作要求 1. 作文中可以使用