U4 How do you make a banana milk shake SectionB(1a2c)阅读素材.doc

unit 4 how do you make a banana milk shake? section b（1a-2c）阅读材料the history of coffeethe history and development of the beverage that we know as coffee is varied and interesting, involving chance occurrences, political intrigue, and the pursuit of wealth and power. according to one story, the effect of coffee beans on behavior was noticed by a sheep herder from caffa ethopia named kaldi as he tended his sheep. he noticed that the sheep became hyperactive after eating the red cherries from a certain plant when they changed pastures. he tried a few himself, and was soon as overactive as his herd. the story relates that a monk happened by and scolded him for partaking of the devils fruit. however the monks soon discovered that this fruit from the shiny green plant could help them stay awake for their prayers. another legend gives us the name for coffee or mocha. an arabian was banished to the desert with his followers to die of starvation. in desperation, omar had his friends boil and eat the fruit from an unknown plant. not only did the broth save the exiles, but their survival was taken as a religious sign by the residents of the nearest town, mocha. the plant and its beverage were named mocha to honor this event. originally the coffee plant grew naturally in ethopia, but once transplanted in arabia was monopolized by them. one early use for coffee would have little appeal today. the galla tribe from ethiopia used coffee, but not as a drink. they would wrap the beans in animal fat as their only source of nutrition while on raiding parties. the turks were the first country to adopt it as a drink, often adding spices such as clove, cinnamon, cardamom and anise to the brew. coffee was introduced much later to countries beyond arabia whose inhabitants believed it to be a delicacy and guarded its secret as if they were top secret military plans. transportation of the plant out of the moslem nations was forbidden by the government. the actual spread of coffee was started illegally. one arab named baba budan smuggled beans to some mountains near mysore, india, and started a farm there. early in this century, the descendants of those original plants were found still growing fruitfully in the region. coffee was believed by some christians to be the devils drink. pope vincent iii heard this and decided to taste it before he banished it. he enjoyed it so much he baptized it, saying coffee is so delicious it would be a pity to let the infidels have exclusive use of it. coffee today is grown and enjoyed worldwide, and is one of the few crops that small farmers in third-world countries can profitably export. 咖啡起源目前咖啡在我们的生活中已是不可或缺的饮料，静寂的森林深处悄悄自生的咖啡，到底是如何被人们发现而广为世界各地所接受的呢？还有，如何开始栽培的呢？在无数的咖啡发现传说中，有两大传说最令人津津乐道，那就是“牧羊人的故事”与“阿拉伯僧侣”。 十六世纪埃塞俄比亚有个牧羊人，有一天发现自己饲养的羊忽然在那儿不停的蹦蹦跳跳，他觉得非常不可思议，仔细加以观察，才明白原来羊吃了一种红色的果实。 于是他便拿着这种果实分给修道院的僧侣们吃，所有的人吃完后都觉得神清气爽；据说此后这种果实被用来做提神药，而且颇受医生们的好评。 一二五八年，因犯罪而被族人驱逐出境的酋长雪克欧玛尔，流浪到离故乡摩卡很远的瓦萨巴( 位于阿拉伯 )时，已经饥饿疲倦到再也走不动了，当他坐在树根上休息时，竟然发现有一只鸟飞来停在枝头上，以一种他从未听过，极为悦耳的声音啼叫着。 他仔细一看，发现那只鸟是在啄食枝头上的果实后，才放开喉咙发出美妙的啼声的，所以他便将那一带的果实全采下放入锅中加水去熬煮。之后竟开始散发出浓郁的香味，喝了一口不但觉得好喝，而且还觉得疲惫的身心也为之一振。于是他便采下许多这种神奇果实，遇到病人便拿给他们熬成汤来喝，最后由于他四处行善，故乡的人便原谅了他的罪行，让他回到摩卡，并推崇他为圣者。 所有的历史学家似乎都同意咖啡的诞生地为埃塞俄比亚的咖发 ( kaffa )，至于咖啡这个名称则是源自于阿拉伯语“qahwah”，即植物饮料的意思。 后来咖啡流传到世界各地，就采用其来源地“kaffa”命名，直到十八世纪才正式以“coffee”命名。american foodyou are what you eat. nutrition experts often use this saying to promote better eating habits. what we put in our mouths does become a part of us. but we can look at this statement another way. what we eat reflects who we are-as people and as a culture. do you want to understand another culture? then you ought to find out about its food. learning about american food can give us a real taste of american culture.what is american food? at first you might think the answer is easy as pie. to many people, american food means hamburgers, hot dogs, fried chicken and pizza. if you have a sweet tooth, you might even think of apple pie or chocolate chip cookies. its true that americans do eat those things. but are those the only kind of vittles you can find in america?except for thanksgiving turkey, its hard to find a typically american food. the united states is a land of immigrants. so americans eat food from many different countries. when people move to america, they bring their cooking styles with them. thats why you can find almost every kind of ethnic food in america. in some cases, americans have adopted foods from other countries as favorites. americans love italian pizza, mexican tacos and chinese egg rolls. but the american version doesnt taste quite like the original!美式食物你吃什么就成为什么样子营养专家经常使用这句话来倡导更好的饮食习惯，入嘴的东西确实成为我们的一部分但我们也可以从另一个角度来看这句话，我们所吃的反映出我们自己不论就人或文化而言你想了解另一种文化吗？那么你应该去认识他们的食物认识美国食物可以让我们得知美国文化的精髓。何谓美式食物？乍听之下你可能认为答案容易得