英语自考本科高级英语笔记-上册-Lesson Two.xls

Lesson TwoPage 1 of 14 Lesson Two Four Choices for Young People Words and Expressions 1affluent adj 富裕的 富有的Wealthy 2antecedent n 先例 祖先Someone from whom you are descended ancestor 3barricade n 障碍 路障Barrier 4batten on靠损害他人养活自己thrive at the expense of others 5bucolic adj 田园的 农村生活的Idealized country life 6cancerous adj 似癌症的 癌症的Of or relating to or affected with cancer 7charismatic adj 具有超凡魅力的Possessing an extraordinary ability to attract 8cleanse vt 彻底清洁Clean thoroughly 9to be cleansed of something彻底清除 10 disillusionment n 幻想破灭 醒悟Freedom from illusions in a state of complete disillusionment disillusion v 使觉醒 使幻想破灭Set free from mistaken beliefs They had thought that the new colony would be a paradise but they were soon disillusioned disillusioned adj 大失所望Disappointed She is disillusioned with her friends Lesson TwoPage 2 of 14 11 clod n 泥块 A compact mass 12 clutter vt 使杂乱 散乱Fill a space in a disorderly way 13 distasteful adj 令人讨厌的Disagreeable unpleasant It is distasteful to me to have to say this distaste n 厌恶Dislike He turned aswy in distaste 14 dwindling adj 减少 缩小Gradually decreasing until little remains 15 exasperating adj 令人气恼的 恼人的Irritate make ill feeling It is exasperating to fail the exam exasperation n 恼火Actions that cause great irritation He shouted in exasperation 16 expedient n 权宜之计 应急措施Plan action expedient adj 有利的To be useful for a purpose In times of war governments do things because they are expedient expedience n 适宜 有利 利己Suitability for a purpose Act from expedience not from principle 17 flee vi 逃走 逃离 逃避 To run away 18 formidable adj 令人畏惧的Inspiring fear Lesson TwoPage 3 of 14 19 guise n 伪装 假装 Pretence 20 hallucinogen n 幻觉剂Hallucinogenic drug 21 hard faced adj 面貌严厉的 22 holocaust n 大屠杀 浩劫An act of great destruction and loss of life 23 idealistic adj 理想主义者的 24 insoluble adj 无法解决的Without hope of solution 25 insuperable adj 无法克服的Impossible to surmount 26 irrationality n 不合理Quality of being unreasonable irrational adj 没有道理的Illogical or absurd irrationalize v 使不合理Make illogical 27 migration n 迁移 迁徙Migrating A huge migration of people went to U S A migrate v 迁移Move from one place to another The bird migrate from the north to the south migratory adj 漂泊的Having the habit of migrating Migratory birds tribes migrant n 迁移者 候鸟One who migrates esp a bird 28 misgiving n 疑虑不安 怀疑Doubt about someone s honesty Lesson TwoPage 4 of 14 29 noisome adj 令人不快的Causing or able to cause unhappiness 30 parasite n 寄生虫 食客 An animal or plant that lives in or on another and from which it obtains nourishmentA follower who hangs around in hope of gain or advantage 31 parasitic adj 寄生的Living off another 32 pastoral adj 田园生活的 乡村的Used of idealized country life 33 polar adj 南极或北极的 两极的 Located at or near or coming from the earth s poles 34 practitioner n 实践者 开业医生等Someone who practices a learned profession 35 pragmatically adv 注重实效的In a realistic manner 36 presumably adv 大概 可能 可推测Can or may be presumed He knows presumably how to deal with such things presume v 假定 推测Suppose to be true Let s presume that she has told the truth presumption n 假定 推测Presuming something to be true Presumption is not reality presumable adj 可推测的That may be presumed The presumable result is and election defeat 37 sanitary adj 卫生方面的 38 senescence n 老年期The property characteristic of old age Lesson TwoPage 5 of 14 39 sewage n 阴沟污水Waste matter carried away in sewers or drains 40 simplicity n 单纯 朴素The state of being simple speak with simplicity simplify v 简化Make simple That will simplify my task 41 skepticism n 怀疑态度Doubt dislkie of believing without certainty They show skepticism towards the government skeptical adj 怀疑的 不相信的Unwilling to believe distrustful We are skeptical about his motive skeptic n 怀疑者A skeptical person The skeptics gathered on the square 42 stuffy adj 死气沉沉的 呆板的 Excessively conventional and unimaginative and hence dull 43 symbolize vt 象征 以符号表示Make use of a symbol or symbols for Dove symbolizes peace symbolization n 象征The use of symbols to convey meaning symbolic adj 象征的Using a symbol The power of the Queen in British is symbolic symbolism n 象征意义Representation of ideas by the use of symbols Lesson TwoPage 6 of 14 44 tedious adj 沉闷乏味的tiresome uninteresting tedium n 单调 乏味boredom 45 undignified adj 不体面的 不庄重的Lacking dignity 46 uninhabitable adj 不适于居住的Not fit for habitation 47 unsullied adj 未弄脏的Spotlessly clean and fresh 48 vehemently adv 激烈的 猛烈的In a vehement manner 49 contemporary adj 同时代的Belonging to the same time Dickens was contemporary with Thackeray contemporary n 同时代人Person contemporary with another Jack and I were contemporaries at college 50 brutal adj 残忍的 Cruel brutal behaviour brutality n 残忍Cruelty We can t put up with his brutality brutalize v 使变残忍Make brutal He was brutalized by his former experience brute n 残忍的人A cruel person We all wait to punish the brute Lesson TwoPage 7 of 14 51 workaday adj 平凡的 工作日的Routine unremarkable 52 accomplish v 成功完成Succeed in doing finish successfully A man who will never accomplish anything accomplishment n 完成Completion 53 glamour n 魅力Charm glamour of moonlight glamorous adj 有魅力的Full of charm glamorous singers Text Explanation 1president of the senior class senior class here means 毕毕业业班班 In America freshman sophomore junior and senior is used to state the students in the first to fourth year in college 2the adult world the society run by adults Lesson TwoPage 8 of 14 3The world is in pretty much of a mess The world is in total disorder To be in a mess 处于杂乱 混乱的状态 4 what have they got to teach our generation They have got nothing to teach our generation 5That kind of lesson we can do without We don t need that kind of instructions for we can manage things by ourselves without them 6The relevant question for the arriving generation is not whether our society is imerfect We can take that for granted but how to deal with it not but means 不不是是 而而是是 Take something for granted means 视视某某事事为为当当然然 7For all its harshness and irrationality it is the only world we ve got In spite of the fact that the world is cruel and irrational it is the only world we have Lesson TwoPage 9 of 14 8Drop Out To reject conventional social values and to withdraw from social responsibilities 脱离社会 People who practice this are called dropous Students who withdraw from school are also call dropouts 辍学者 9with or without of hallucinogens with or without taking drugs 10 In one way or another it s practitioners batten on the society They benefit from the society in one way or another 11 But for the poor in spirit with low levels of both energy and pride it may be the least intolerable choice available But for those who are morally weak it may be the most tolerable choice or the easiest choice 12 except the polar regions the frontiers are gone Very few regions on earth remain unsettled except the Arctic region and the Antarctic region 13 Our planet unfortunately is running out of noble savages and unsullied landscapes Unfortunately there are fewer and fewer noble savages and unspoiled landscapes on earth Lesson TwoPage 10 of 14 14 gentleman farmers people who own farms but direct others to do most of the farming 15 the stream of migration is flowing the other way People are migrating or flowing in a large number from the countryside to the cities 16 some dashing and charismatic figure someone who is energetic and has great popular appeal 17 These are the ones whose revolutions did not come off they have been able to keep on cheerfully plotting their holocausts right into their senescence Their revolutions did not actually take place They only made secret plans for mass destruction of human lives and stopped at that level thus bringing no harm to society and themselves So they were able to keep on doing so till their old age They cheerfully did so because it satisfied their romantic desires Lesson TwoPage 11 of 14 18 They lived in bitter disillusionment to see the establishment they had overthrown replaced by a new one just as hard faced and stuffy They lived totally disappointed and felt pained to see that the new establishment was just as rigid looking and dull as the old one 19 My point is merely that the idealists who make the revolution are bound to be disappointed in either case They are sure to be disappointed whether the revolution succeeds or not 20 Instead it dawns on a familiar workaday place still in need of groceries and sewage disposal The new establishment brings about nothing extraordinary and romantic instead people still live the same old dull life groceries and sewage disposal here mean the most basic things people need for a decent life 21 The revolutionary state under whatever political label has to be run not by violent romantics but by experts in marketing sanitary engineering and the management of bureaucracies The revolutionary state is the same as the old one being still run by experts doing technical and professional work in all businesses and public services expers in marketing hear means experts in business experts in sanitary engineering means experts in all technical matters bureaucracies means government organizations at all levels Lesson TwoPage 12 of 14 22 It depends on the exasperating and uncertain instruments of persuasion and democratic decision making This mainly refers to the American government the Congress and lobbying 游游说说 done by agents of various interest groups 23 It demands patience always in short supply It requires people to be patient which most people are not Their patience runs out quickly 24 About all that can be said for it is that it sometimes works that in this particular time and place it offers a better chance for remendying some of the world s outrages than any other available strategy The only good point of this method is that it sometimes brings about the desired result 25 The economic machinery had broken down almost everywhere economic machinery means economic syste