外文翻译--对压缩机单螺杆专用加工机床的介绍更新时间

对压缩机单螺杆专用加工机床的介绍更新时间 一、介绍机床的布局 压缩机排气量的大小决定了星轮、螺杆直径的大小和啮合中心距的大小，因此螺杆直径的不同，机床的主轴与刀具的回转中心也不同。为满足加工不同直径的螺杆，目前国内单螺杆加工机床的布局大致有以下几种方案。 第一种：机床的主轴与刀具回转中心的中心距为固定式 机床的主轴与刀具回转中心的中心距为固定式，中心距不可调整。加工几种直径的螺杆就需要几种中心距规格不同的机床。 优点：机床的结构简单。 缺点：每种机床只能加工一种规格的螺杆，当市场上某种规格的压缩机螺杆需要量大时，造成一台机床加工，其他机床闲置。 第二种：机床的主轴箱为可回转式 机床可根据加工螺杆直径的大小在加工前把主轴箱旋转一个角度。这种主轴箱能够回转的机床是对上述第一种机床在使用方法上的改进，与第一种机床的结构基本相同。 优点：机床的结构简单，能适应 种规格螺杆的加工。 缺点 ：主轴箱旋转 主轴回转中心 与刀具回转中心 间的距 不 量。 缺点 ：主轴箱旋转 主轴前 与刀具的回转中心 间的距 ，因此加工 大直径的螺杆 。 第 种：机床的主轴箱为 式 主轴箱 与 间布置有 ，主轴箱 的方 直主轴回转中心 直刀具回转中心 。主轴箱的 currency1轴“ 内的刀具进“机构。 根据加工螺杆直径的大小，在加工前用轮进“机构把主轴箱 适当fi置，fl 用螺 主轴箱固定在 上。主轴箱的 距 可用 ，fi置”。 用主轴箱可 的一个机床就可以加工直径 间一种规格的螺杆。 加工 直径的螺杆，造成主轴前 与刀具回转中心 间的距 大，因此在应用时 成种规格的机床，一个机床加工 直径的螺杆， 一个机床加工 直径的螺杆。 优点：机床能适应 种规格螺杆的加工，每种规格的螺杆不需要相应的加工机床。 缺点：机床的结构和机床的 前二种机床 ，机床的造 也 前二种机床 。 二、介绍机床的主轴结构 机床主轴箱的 主轴和 上的 式的主轴 度的 决定了 加工螺杆的度，同时螺杆在压缩机中以几 转的 度 旋转时， 度 的螺杆 使压缩机 、 、 、 。 国内目前 有的单螺杆加工机床主轴结构大致有以下种方案。 第一种：轴径 不可调的主轴结构 主轴前轴用 个 轴和个 轴 合，主轴使用 轴 径 ，使用个 轴 轴 。 主轴 轴一用 个 轴用 个 心 轴。 这种主轴结构的优点：主轴的加工和简单，造 。 缺点 ：主轴轴的径 不可调整，以主轴 度 。fl可以 用轴的内径和轴径的 合 除轴的径 ，但每个轴的内径和径不是一个固定，因此 和加工时很难“准轴径与轴内径的合公。 缺点 ：在市场上很难买 国 进口的C、D级P4、P级的 轴，机床厂常用普级轴替代使用，此举也影响了主轴 度的提 。 轴径 不可调的主轴结构适用一 度的普机床，不适用对主轴度要求 的机床。 第二种：轴径 可调的主轴结构 主轴前轴用一个P4级 锥孔的 轴和 个P4级的 心 轴 合。主轴使用 锥孔的 轴 径 ，使用心 轴 轴 和 分径 。 主轴 轴一用 个P级 锥孔的 轴。 锥孔 轴的内圈和合轴径均为 ： 锥，用 螺母锁紧轴则使轴在轴 一个fi 使轴的内圈膨胀，从而达 除轴径 的目的。 这种主轴结构的优点：主轴 度 。在主轴前 直径上 量主轴的跳 为” 。在主轴前 外 上 量主轴的径 跳 为”。第二种结构的主轴 度比第一种主轴 度提 %左右。 这种主轴结构的缺点： 主轴的加工工艺 ，主轴的也需要有经验的工人操作才能使主轴 度达 理想数。 、刀具进“深度的控 不同直径的螺杆需要加工螺旋槽的深度也不同，螺旋槽的深度从几十毫米 一百 毫米不 ，刀具进“机构大约需要旋转进刀几 圈才能完成一个螺杆零件的加工。 刀具进“机构在刀具旋转的同时还要完成进刀 作，以一些在普机床上常用的机械、电气控 深的方法都不适用单螺杆加工机床。 单螺杆加工机床的刀具进“机构用以下不同的方法都可以达 控 进刀深度的目的。 第一种：摩擦 合器和电气开关控 刀具进“深度 它的控 原理是刀具 深增大时刀具进“机构的负载扭距增大，使刀具进“机构 链中的摩擦 合器打 ，一个机械连杆机构触 电气开关 出声、信号提示操作者，此时操作者人工操作断开刀具进“机构的 。 这种控 方法的优点是：控 方法简单及零件加工和操作不 突fl断电的影响。 缺点是：加工不同直径的螺杆需要调整摩擦 合器压紧碟簧的预紧。 每个螺杆材质的密度、硬度存在细微异及刀具锋 程度也存在异，因此使这种控 方法的 度不太准 ，可能 致螺杆螺旋槽的深度公大。 第二种：用电磁 合器、编码器 合控 刀具进“深度 刀具进“系统中，有电磁 合器及一对用 刀具转 圈数的 齿轮和一个编码器。 Dedicated to the single screw compressor machine updated the Introduction First, introduce the layout of machine tools Decide the size of the compressor displacement of the stars round, screw diameter, mesh size and the size of the center distance, so different in diameter screw, machine tool spindle and the rotary center are also different. To meet the processing of different diameter screw, single screw Currently the layout of machine tools in general there are several options. The first is: machine tool rotary tool spindle center and the center distance for the fixed Machine tool rotary tool spindle center and the center distance for the fixed, can not adjust the center distance. Processing of several of the screw diameter on the center distance required several different specifications of the machine. Advantages: simple structure of the machine. Disadvantage: each machine can only process a specification of the screw, when the market on a certain specification requirements when the screw compressor, resulting in a machine, other machine idle. The second: the machine tool spindle box for rotary Processing screw machine according to the size of the diameter at the processing before a point of rotating spindle box. Spindle box that the machine can turn on a machine at the above-mentioned article on the use of the improvements, with the first structure of a machine tool is basically the same. Advantages: the structure of machine tool easy to adapt to a variety of specifications of the processing screw. One disadvantage: after the rotating spindle box and the tool spindle turning center line distance between the center line of accurate measurement difficult. 2 disadvantage: after the rotating spindle spindle box and the front surface of the rotary cutter centerline distance between the reduction of the larger diameter of the screw processing is limited. The third: the machine tool spindle box for horizontal mobile Box at the bottom of the spindle and the base there is arranged between the rectangular sliding rail, spindle box perpendicular to the direction of movement of spindle centerline and perpendicular to the centerline of the tool rotation. Through the power of the spindle box spline shaft to the base of the tool feed mechanism. Screw diameter, according to the size of the processing in the processing of the previous round by hand to the body put into the screw spindle box moved to the appropriate location, and then screw the spindle box on a fixed base. Spindle box available from the mobile Grating detection, position error 0.005mm. Horizontal spindle box can be used as a mobile machine can process diameter 95 385mm any kind between the screw specifications. 95 385mm processing because of the diameter of the screw, causing the front surface and the tool spindle rotation the distance between the center line of the margin is too large, the actual application in the design specifications of the machine into two, a 95 205mm machine screw diameter Another 180 385mm machine screw diameter. Advantages: a variety of tools to adapt to the specifications of the processing screw, each screw specifications need not be provided with the appropriate machine tools. Disadvantage: the structure of machine tools and machine tool assembly of the two kinds of more complex machine tools, machine tools than the cost of two kinds of machine tools before the high. Second, introduce the structure of machine tool spindle The level of machine tool spindle box on the main axis and the base of the vertical axis determines the degree of precision was the precision screw machining, at the same time screw compressor at a speed of thousands of high-speed rotary switch, the accuracy of the screw will be less so that the compressor have a fever, vibration, low efficiency, such as wear and tear situation quickly. Currently available single-screw machine spindle structure of the program has the following two. The first is: bearing radial clearance is not adjustable spindle structure Before spindle bearing out the use of one pairs of cylindrical roller bearings and thrust ball bearing combination of both, the main use of double row cylindrical roller bearings under radial cutting force, the use of two ball bearings to bear axial thrust cutting force. After the general adoption of the spindle bearings out one pairs of cylindrical roller bearings or a ball bearing to the heart. Main advantages of this structure: the main axis of the processing and assembly of simple, low cost. One disadvantage: because the main axis of the radial bearing clearance can not be adjusted so poor precision spindle. Although the use of bearings and shaft diameter fit to eliminate the radial bearing clearance, but each bearing diameter and radial clearance is not a fixed value, so it is difficult to design and processing to the quasi-axial-radial and bearings with bore tolerances. 2 disadvantage: it is very difficult to buy in the market of domestically produced or imported, C, D or P4, P5 class thrust ball bearings, machine tool manufacturing plant commonly used alternative to the use of ordinary class bearings, which also affected the accuracy of the enhance spindle. Bearing radial clearance adjustable spindle structure do not apply to the general accuracy of the general machine tools, does not apply to require a higher accuracy of the spindle of machine tools. The second: the radial bearing clearance adjustable spindle structure Before the adoption of a spindle bearing P4 class of double row tapered hole cylindrical roller bearings and a P4-class double row ball bearing thrust to the combination of heart. The use of the spindle hole of the double row tapered cylindrical roller bearings under radial cutting force, the use of double row ball bearing thrust to the heart to bear part of the axial and radial cutting force cutting force. Spindle bearings generally used after a P5 class of double row tapered hole cylindrical roller bearings. Double row tapered hole cylindrical roller bearings with inner ring and shaft are tapered 1:12, bearing lock nut with a round led a bearing in the axial displacement of the inner ring bearings and expansion, to reduce or eliminate Bearing radial clearance purposes. Main structure of such advantages: high precision spindle. At the front spindle diameter 230mm noodle on the end measuring spindle Beat value of 0.010mm. 230mm cylindrical spindle at the front end on the radial axis measurement value of Beat 0.005mm. The second structure of the spindle of a precision spindle accuracy than the first about 50% improve. Main disadvantage of this structure: The principal axis of the more complicated process, the spindle assembly also has the experience necessary to make the workers to operate the spindle achieve the desired numerical accuracy. Third, the depth of the tool feed control Required different processing screw diameter spiral groove depth is also different from the depth of the spiral groove mm from dozens to more than 100 millimeters range around the tool into the institutions required to feed the thousands of ring rotation in order to achieve a screw machining . Feed because of the tool in the tool rotating at the same time achieve motion feed, so on a number of general machine tools used in mechanical, electrical control method of depth of cut does not apply to single-screw machine. Single screw machine tools give agencies into the following different methods can be feed to control the depth of purpose. The first is: friction clutch and electrical switches to control the depth of the tool feed Its principle is to control depth of cut increases the tool cutter feed mechanism increases the load torque so that the tool feeding mechanism of the friction transmission chain slipping clutch, a mechanical linkage concurrent silent trigger electrical switches, optical signal prompted operator, when manual operator to disconnect the tool into the power sector. The advantages of this control method are: the control method is simple and spare parts processing and operational power from the impact of a sudden. Disadvantage are: processing of different diameter screw to adjust the clutch friction discs pressed the preload spring. Material because of the density of each screw, and the hardness of the existence of subtle differences in the degree of cutting tools sharp differences exist, thus the accuracy of this control method was not too accurate, may lead to screw spiral groove depth tolerance is too large. The second: use of an electromagnetic clutch, encoder control tool into the mix to the depth of Tool feed system, equipped with electromagnetic clutch and a tool for detecting the number of rotating ring gear and a gun encoder. It is a tool of control principle hand screw surface encoder to start counting switch, then start counting counting device, when the rotary tool to pre-set number of laps when the cutting depth is reached, the electromagnetic clutch automatic off open to the power tool into the concurrent silent, optical signal parts prompted the operator has finished processing. The detection device through the digital display shows the number of feed circles or feed. Torn off and the electromagnetic clutch, the tool does not only into the rotation with the vertical shaft to the sport. The advantages of this control method are: the depth of the spiral groove screw tolerance control more accurate, because of several significant table shows the depth of processing, or want a few laps and the depth of processing or circle the number of operations is also very intuitive and user-friendly. Disadvantage are: electrical control of machine tools at the same time more complex parts of this control method at the processing plant, if a sudden power failure, the prior data set will be lost. If you add in the electrical control of the battery to power at the early-dimensional detection devices to maintain the job, the problem can be resolved. Four, the control gear drive space Single screw machine screw in the processing, due to the spiral groove in the rotary tool and the workpiece rotation to complete the synthesis process. Just cut into the workpiece when the tool in the tangential direction of rotation has been going on a greater resistance knife, cutting tool at the workpiece to be cut when the role of the spiral groove, the tool in the tangential direction of rotation has been going up against a smaller knife and even by the spiral groove thrust workpiece. Because there is a box-hole processing machine tool, gear and other processing error, the tool axis of rotation of the drive space is too large, large amount of so-called open. Detect drive way too much space is a fixed power input shaft and output shaft rotation shaking, in the case of the transmission structure of conventional design and manufacture of machine tools, the transmission output shaft angle space at more than ten degrees to the dozens of degrees. Transmission gap caused by too large spiral screw groove surface then there is obvious marks, thus affecting the machining accuracy of the screw. Upon completion of the assembly machine tool axis of rotation of the drive space is too large, in fact are subject to various errors gear, creating a backlash of the gear is too large. Machine tools in the mechanical transmission gear are used regardless of the accuracy of a few of the class, the designers take into account the gear manufacturing error, processing error box center distance, temperature, lu