外文翻译--硬齿面齿轮

附录二：英文及译文Hardened Gear一 on the gearbox input shaft, intermediate shaft and output shaft of the Stress Analysis of a variety of gearGrowth of wind power gear box, and its bearings by leaf mass input from the axial force, torque and torque subversion. Intermediate shaft input gear bearing Chuan from the output of torque and braking from the brake torque Chuan. Output shaft of the gear shaft bearing mass from the middle of the torque output at the same time bear the braking caused by brake torque.二 On a common gear box gear materials and their performance analysisWind power generation growth in the gear box, gear commonly used materials for low-carbon alloy steel, re-gear companies commonly used 20CrMnTi, 20CrMnMo, 17CrNiMo6 and other materials； 42CrMoA materials used inside the ring gear.Carbon content of the surface affect the bending strength. The depth of carburized layer in some cases, the center increased the hardness, bending strength increases； when the carburized layer at the same time organizations, to increase the depth of carburized layer, the flexural strength increased； in the carburized layer depth and the center the same hardness, nickel steel flexural strength than other high strength steel bending； carburizing layer level increases the carbon content reduced flexural strength.2、Multi-gear change of fatigue strength due to fatigue loads and damage, such as damage to the tooth root bending fatigue combined tooth surface contact fatigue damage. Factors that affect the fatigue damage are:（1）The center of the hardness (strength) （2）Carburization of the oxide layer when the carburizing steel containing titanium, silicon, manganese and alloy elements, such as, and in an atmosphere of endothermic carburizing carburizing of easily formed when oxides of these elements, they exist in the grain boundary or crystal internal tablets. Oxides of these elements in the vicinity of depleted, reducing the hardenability. This oxide will become the core of the product of high temperature change, resulting in the formation of quenching on the surface after a number of non-martensitic product which reduces the hardness of the surface.（3）Carburization of the carbide layer the number of carbon content, size, shape and distribution of carburizing steel contact fatigue and bending fatigue performance of both the impact will be significantly reduced mesh carbide carburizing bending fatigue properties of steel.（4）Carburized layer of residual austenite of low intensity residual austenite itself, its existence is also beneficial to reduce the fatigue properties of the residual compressive stress, the carburizing layer residual austenite in fatigue performance will be reduced, but by rolling and will increase the fatigue strength of shot peening.三 Hardened gears running characteristics and NotesChongqing Gearbox Co., Ltd., was built in the mid-sixties. The main design and manufacture of marine gear box, coupling, clutch and so on. Ship, is the flow of water the city is a microcosm of a modern industrial country. Its high-performance, high-tech requirements, the decision of the gear box technology in the design and manufacture of other industrial sectors in the first follow-up the worlds advanced level of technology. So the first few from the plant in accordance with the manufacture of hardened gear design process with equipment.Since reform and opening up, in order to adapt to the development of Chinas shipbuilding industry, in the early eighties, late seventies, the introduction of the German Roman Stoltenberg Ford (short LUS) of the marine gear box drawings, standards, computer software and design and manufacturing technology； power plants to address the issue of the introduction of torsional vibration Geislinger Austrias Geislinger coupling, vibration isolator design and manufacturing techniques and procedures for computing torsional vibration； then Shipbuilding Industry Corporation, will introduce Sulzer, Germany Mann, the French Society of heat engine, such as Japan made the gear oil to the drawings, the standard to put my company, my company by digesting and absorbing production. Design and manufacturing companies in their own experience-hardened gear based on the digestion and absorption of imported technology, transplantation, development and innovation. To ensure the advanced technology and advanced the implementation of international standards, the company continued to carry out technical transformation of the plant. 30 years of development, so that Chongqing Gearbox Co., Ltd. have hardened the worlds most advanced computing technology gear design； the establishment of the international advanced standards as the main body of the design, manufacture, testing, inspection standards, norms system； Has a complete matching to ensure the advanced standards, and standardize the implementation of the mechanical processing, heat treatment, test measurement equipment； At the same time, create a group of advanced technology to master the engineering and technical personnel and the operation of advanced equipment, high-level technicians. Become able to design, manufacture high-precision gears hardened base.（一） The advantages of high precision hardened gearAs we all know, the strength of the design of gear from the consideration of the tooth surface lubrication pressure and tooth root strength of the two areas. With the technology and computer applications, the world tends to drive the development of technology using hardened. According to statistics, as a result of the use of hardened gears greatly contributed to the machine is light weight, small size and quality of performance so that the speed of the machine work of a grade. Such as high-speed wire rod rolling mill speed from the past 30m / s to the following 90-120m / s. Hardened gear used to make gear to reduce the size significantly can reduce the manufacturing cost, a main reducer of a mill as an example for comparison:Center distance、Surface area、Weight、Rolling speed、Hardness.Gear quenched and tempered ：2400 100% 100% 30m/s HB360Hardened Gear ：1695 34% 60% 90-120m/s HRC574Hardened in the nitride hardened, due to very shallow depth of the nitrided layer, is not suitable for heavy-duty gear drive and vulgar, but also the cost of nitride process itself more expensive, so it is rarely used.Surface hardening (such as high frequency or flame hardening) of the hardened layer with non-hardened interface layer transition Obviously, the distribution of hardness tonsure too, at the same time the quality of non-uniform hardening, hardening Dedendum difficult and easy generation of surface cracks, teeth lower surface hardness (HRC55 around), so the application of decreasing.Deep carburization, quenching the high-precision grinding hardened gears, high precision, high surface hardness (HRC58 +4), tooth surface hardened layer uniform, and many other advantages, especially for low-speed heavy-duty gear. Its high surface hardness, contact strength quenched and tempered gears than doubled, while the bending strength quenched and tempered gears than an increase of approximately 50%. Therefore, FALK, (LUS), Ferrante company Citroen - Messiaen - Durant companies all use deep carburizing - quenching - grinding gears. Represents the high-precision gears hardened for industrial use, marine gear transmission direction of development.Chongqing Gearbox Co., Ltd., started from the plant, due to the nature of their services the worlds most advanced tracking technology, the use of alloy structural steel manufacturing Carburization - quenching - the high-precision grinding hardened gear teeth. Long-term practical application has proved that the wear resistance of gears and bearings can be comparable to the rolling surface without worrying about tooth wear and corrosion, in the bending strength is also plenty of room left.（二） Gear strength calculationThe company introduced a program designed gears, and Shanghai Jiaotong University, Chongqing University to develop, according to GB3480-83, AGMA, ISO, DIN, ZC, ABS, GL, Lioyds, such as standards and norms for the calculation of the gear strength .In order to increase the carrying capacity of gear, use of computer gear geometry parameters and the coefficient, the optimum design. As a result of surface hardening technology used to improve the carrying capacity of gear, LUS practice through many years of production that: For the gear tooth surface stress calculation, the small gear with Hertz stress formula can also be based on tooth surface contact area of the maximum compression. As for the number of large-scale, large-diameter gear with a tooth formula Hertz compressive stress intensity, it can not be a true reflection of the actual gear forces. Because with the increase in modulus, high and gear tooth contact radius was increased, the stress is no longer the danger point of the gear surface layer of hardened layer, but within a certain depth. For example: the center distance A = 1000 (mm), I = 3 of the gear box gear, stress the risk of tooth surface strength of the following calculation of stress distribution and its research, proposed the Theory of three dimensional stress: tooth surface by the following three Synthesis of stress consisting of a single stress, the application has been assumed that the main extension, including tooth surface of the tooth, including the stress of the stress distribution in cross-section curve. To reflect adequately the meshing tooth stress state at the time.Calculation of tooth root stress, the main consideration when the meshing tooth bending strength, compressive stress, shear stress, heat treatment effects and gear assembly when the internal stress. On the tooth surface using a computer synthesis of the tooth root stress calculation, considering the contact strength and bending fatigue strength to determine the gear geometric parameters, materials, allowable gear fatigue strength and hardness of the tooth surface curve and the depth of the hardened layer.（三） Material SelectionIn order to improve the flexural strength of gears, we choose China-made high-quality alloy steel. These materials and the Federal Republic of Germany by the LUS material handling compared with the test furnace. Results show that its mechanical properties, hardening, and hardened layer microstructure, hardness, carbon depth distribution of potential performance is slightly higher than the Roman with the performance of the corresponding material.The use of domestic materials, according to our standard profile (formerly introduced LUSI15) processing, heat treatment process to adopt the existing carburizing quenching and grinding gear teeth to create the test, and 711, Shanghai Jiaotong University, in cooperation made CL-100-type gear test machine contact fatigue tests. Precision gear tested 6HK (JB179-83), tests work in the GB3480-83 standard conditions, in accordance with movements to determine the material fatigue limit, through the testing, selection of recommended design value of 1450-1550N /, the International Standardization Recommended text ISO268 dialysis organizations hardened gear materials fatigue limit diagram of contact range of 1300-1650kg /, our test gear material ISO268 recommended upper limit of the diagram.The use of domestic materials, according to our standard profile (formerly introduced LUSI15) processing, heat treatment process to adopt the existing carburizing quenching and grinding gear teeth to create the test, and 711, Shanghai Jiaotong University testing, wide-tooth gear units, unit modulus circular edge on the 171. 62N /, Gear K strength coefficient of access to 156kg/cm, by 5 107 cycles, all the test gear were no broken teeth and pitting phenomenon.Marine engineering company and the Harbin Institute of Cooperation for carburizing gear materials and process optimization of the pilot study, six commonly used for domestic carbon material distribution along the deep layer, the hardness distribution along the layer of deep and effective hardened layer depth and heart layer Department of Organization, the conventional mechanical properties, fracture toughness, static bending properties, bending fatigue performance, the nature of contact fatigue, wear resistance, process, and the law of grain growth and organization of genetic, high-temperature tempering temperature swap quality and performance of organizations 18 topics such as research, preparation of the companys different for different materials of the heat treatment process to ensure that treatment protocols and quality norms.In actual use for many years, the gear manufacturing technology to withstand the rigorous test, but also provides us with a wealth of experience. We are convinced that as Chinas naval construction, fisheries, shipping industry and building materials machinery and electricity, the development of metallurgy, gear box will be applied in more sectors, the national industry for the motherland to make greater contributions.硬齿面齿轮一 简述齿轮箱输入轴、中间轴和输出轴上各种齿轮的受力分析风力发电增速齿轮箱中，其输入轴承受叶片传过来的轴向力、扭矩和颠覆力矩。中间轴上的齿轮承受输入端传过来的力矩和输出端刹车时传过来的刹车力矩输出轴上的齿轮承受中间轴传过来的扭矩，同时也承受输出端刹车时带来的刹车力矩。二 简述齿轮箱齿轮的常用材料及其性能分析风发电增速齿轮箱中，齿轮的常用材料为低碳合金钢，重齿公司常用20CrMnTi、20CrMnMo、17CrNiMo6等材料；内齿圈用42CrMoA材料。 面层碳含量都影响弯曲强度。在渗碳层深度一定的情况下，心部硬度增加时，弯曲强度随之增加；当渗碳层组织相同时，渗碳层深度增加，弯曲强度随之增加；在渗碳层深度与心部硬度相同时，含镍的钢材弯曲强度比其他钢材弯曲强度高；渗碳层面层碳含量增加时弯曲强度降低。2、疲劳强度 齿轮多因变载荷作用而疲劳损坏，如齿根弯曲疲劳损坏合齿面接触疲劳损坏。影响疲劳损坏的因素有：（1）心部硬度（强度） （2）渗碳层内的氧化物 当渗碳钢中含有 、 、 和等合金 素， 在 性渗碳 中渗碳时 素的氧化物，他 在 内部。在氧化物 素 化，降低 性。 种氧化物 为高 变 物的心， 在面 一 currency1“ 物而降低 面的硬度。（3）渗碳层内的碳化物 碳含量的量、fifl、 和分渗碳钢的接触疲劳和弯曲疲劳性能都有影响， 碳化物 降低渗碳钢的弯曲疲劳性能。（4）渗碳层内的“ “”强度低，的 在 降低疲劳性能有的 力，因渗碳层组织中有“ 降低疲劳性能， 和强化 高疲劳强度。 硬齿面齿轮的及 重齿轮箱有 公司， 中 。 用齿轮箱、轴、 合等。， 中的 ， 一 化 的影。的高性能、高，定 齿轮箱在 面 其 部 。 公司 厂开始几按照硬齿面齿轮的 艺 程 、配备 备。改革开放 来，为适 我 的发展，在八 初，七 末，引 德 罗曼斯托尔福公司（下简称LUS）的 用齿轮箱的图纸，标准、算机软件和 ；为解力装置轴系扭振问题引 地盖斯林格公司的盖斯林格 轴、减振的 和扭 振电算程序；随总公司又将引 瑞士苏尔寿、德 曼恩、法 机学 、日fi发等柴油的齿轮图纸，标准 放我公司，由我公司消化 收生 。公司在自己 硬齿面齿轮的验基础上，引 消化 收、移植、开发、创新。为保证 和 际标准的贯彻执，公司不间断的 厂 改 。 多 的发展，使重齿轮箱有 公司拥有 硬齿面齿轮的 算 ； 立 际 标准为 “的 、 、试验、检验的标准、规范“系；拥有齐全配套的、保证 标准、规范贯彻执的机械加 、 处理、检验量 备；同时 就出一批掌握 的 程 人员和操作 备的高级 师。 为我 能 、 高精度硬齿面齿轮的基地。（一） 高精度硬齿面齿轮的优众 周知，齿轮的强度 考虑润滑条件的齿面力和齿根强度两面 的。随着 的发展和 算机的 用， 传 的发展趋 采用硬齿面。据统 ，由 硬齿面齿轮的采用fifi地促 机的重量轻、fl型化和质量性能的高，使机 作速度高 一等级。如高速线材 机的 速度过 的30m/s 下高 90-120m/s。采用硬齿面齿轮传使传装置的“ fifi地减 ，