备四级考试.doc

四六级阅读难点的4个应对方法1、 生词较多许多同学感觉六级阅读中生词较多，阅读时不得不花费大量的时间和精力去理解文章中出现的生词。确实，词汇量是任何英文阅读(特别是像六级这样的高级英文阅读)的基础。但我认为六级单词相对于4级仅多了1200个。如果考生能充分掌握4级词汇，文章中出现的所谓的生词是不应该成为我们阅读的拦路虎。我们知道，任何文章段落与段落或句子与句子之间都会有逻辑联系。句子中词的作用(尤其是形容词、副词或连词)就在于体现某种逻辑关系。考生完全可以通过体会句子与句子之间的逻辑关系猜出或体会出某种生词的指向范围或大致含义。因为六级考试阅读文章并不要求对“生词”释义的精确掌握我们的目的是了解文章或句子大意。所以，只要达到这种效果我们就能掌握文章或句子的大致内容，完全符合考试大纲的要求。如今离考试越来越近，再背字典是不可能的了。建议大家背历年真题里的生词，在阅读真题的过程中将自己不认识的单词划出来重点记忆，特别是这几年真题里经常出现的高频词汇，这些词汇对应试都有很大帮助，甚至可以用在作文中。2、 难句看不懂六级四篇阅读文章中必定会出现一些难句。也许难句中的每一个词考生都能看懂，但是整个句子却无法把握其含义。就其原因在于中国同学欠缺两方面的英文阅读能力：1、缺乏对英文语言表达思维习惯的适应；2、不能抓住难句的句子主干。首先，英文的语言表达思维习惯与中文有较大的区别。中文习惯主、谓、宾的句子结构；英文中却存在大量的倒装结构，再加上繁杂的插入语等复杂的语言现象对于习惯将英文翻译成中文后理解英文的中国考生而言无法对入中文的理解习惯，自然无法理解句子的含义。其次，无法从复杂的从句套从句语法结构中判断出句子主干，同样会导致无法对入相应的中文语言习惯而最终使考生无法把握句子含义。这是关于阅读习惯的问题，短时间内很难改变。考试临近，建议大家多看真题阅读文章中的句子，将他们分段、抓主干后翻译，尽量培养阅读习惯，做好热身也总比打无准备之仗强。3、 无法判断句子隐含意思我们知道六级文章要求考生对原文的信息进行推断。换言之，就是从文章的原话中无法知道考生需要知道的信息。我认为这是源于考生在平时训练六级考试时往往忽略对文章推理方法的熟悉而导致的。任何隐含信息的推出都是基于原文提供的信息进行相应的逻辑推理得出的。考生如果不能进行有效的逻辑推理要么无法得出隐含信息，要么就会选错方向而落入命题者的陷阱中。考生在做题时可以先将问题中与原文出现的相同词汇划出来，然后再做依次排除，一般答案是与原文意思相同但词语使用不同的那句。平时这就要求考生多阅读国外文章，培养外国人的思维方式，这对考试也是很有帮助的。或者如果时间充裕，建议考生将六级词汇按同义、近义词进行分类背记。4、 时间不够我们知道六级阅读文章要在35分钟内读完4篇文章并且做5道题目，考生如感觉时间不够的原因无外乎三个原因：1、花在文章阅读的时间太长；2、无法快速地定位选项在文章中的定位(表现在不得不从新阅读、浏览全文或某个文章段落)；3、无法快速、准确的从四个备选项中判断出正确选项(表现在犹豫不决)。针对考生感觉时间不够的问题，建议考生先从题目看起，看完题目后再去文章中找答案，这样更有针对性，还可以将文中的例子忽略不看，节省时间，提高阅读速度。如果这样还感觉时间不够的话，其实可以缩短其他词汇类题目的答题时间，适当的将阅读部分的时间延长到40-45分钟，不过也要保证其他题目有时间做才行。四六级完型考前提分必知的三大技巧距离2010年12月份四、六级考试还有三周左右的时间，对于大多数考生来说，完型填空一是所占分较小，二是最后阶段冲刺不容易拿分的题型，所以很多同学都比较头疼，往往在复习的最后阶段就放弃了。辅导团队建议大家，如果大家能合理把握前面听力和阅读时间的分配，再注意一下完型填空的一些答题方法、技巧，完型填空也是能帮我们加分的。同时，建议大家在做完型填空题时把握以下三点技巧，相信能帮忙大家在有限的时间内提高完型部分的分数。技巧一：判断选项中单词常用语境，根据上文意思选择最适合的选项。在考试的时候，当你发现这四个单词你都认识，你可以回忆一下在你初中或者是高中阶段，我们学过这单词，一般情况下用于哪种句型当中，会用在哪种场景当中。你可以通过这样一种基本的场景来判断这个词所使用的角度。比如说平时我们都知道a good idea！很少会有人用a good thought！idea和thought都是想法的意思，你可以根据常规的想法来想，idea会更适合一些，因此说第一就是根据我们常说的一些固定感来确定这单词所使用的方向。技巧二：语句表达一定符合中国人的逻辑表达方式，注意单词最基本的中文含义。就是大家要清楚由于我们的完形填空文章是来自国外的杂志，但是出题人是中国人，因此说它的表达一定符合中国人的逻辑表达方式，所以当你把这四个单词放进去的时候，比如说四个单词，安静，平静，镇静和宁静。它们都是什么静，但是中国人的语言表达永远都有自己的特色。比方说我们会说这是一个宁静的小山村，我们一般很少说这是一个镇静的小山村，平静的小山村。虽然平静也符合语言规范，但是它不符合中国人的逻辑表达。所以大家平时在做词汇辨析的时候，看看哪个词的中文意思更符合中国人的逻辑表达。所以说这就是我们的第二点，注意这个单词最基本的中文含义。技巧三：学会借助上下文逻辑关系，判断最佳选项。由于老外的文章每个句子之间都有逻辑关系，所以可以根据后面或者前面的句子来看它前后表达的意思是什么来选择，甚至会出现原文复现。中国甚至很忌讳一篇文章里同一个单词表述两到三遍，会觉得这样比较啰嗦，比较累赘。但老外写文章，因为他有一个前后呼应的概念，他经常会在前面一个句子或者后面一个句子出现相类似的单词。所以大家在做完形的时候，不要光盯着这句话看，应该多看看前面或者后面的句子，可能会有一些提示，这样也会帮助我们做到这一点。词汇辨析主要是从几个角度讲，第一个角度就是看到我们常用的语境，第二就是要符合中国人的逻辑表达，第三就是借助前后句子的逻辑关系。2010年12月英语四六级完形填空过关三步骤完型填空是大学英语四六级考试的一个组成部分。 “完型填空部分的目的是测试学生综合运用语言的能力”，也即理解篇章和使用词汇和语法的能力。大学英语四六级考试采用的完型填空题是：“在一篇题材熟悉、难度适中的短文(约200-250词)内留有20个空白，每个空白为一题，每题有四个选择项，要求考生在全面理解内容的基础上选择一个最佳答案，使短文的意识和结构恢复完整”，要求考生在15分钟内填完这20个空。四六级考试中的完形填空不仅测试应试者在词汇和句子水平上运用语言的能力，还测试应试者在语篇上综合运用语言结构的能力。完形填空中所填的词是与文章的上下文紧密联系的。因此，要做好完形填空，必须要在通读全文、把握结构与大意的前提下，根据所提供的选项及句子的结构、语法、语篇等信息，通过逻辑推理、对比等手段最后确定答案。根据如上特点，结合样题来说明一下解答完型填空的步骤与技巧。1、通读原文，了解大意这项考试首先是测试考生对篇章的理解能力。虽然所给出的文章被抽去了20个词，但是整篇文章的内容仍是可以理解的。样题文章的开头写道：Wise buying is a positive way in which you can make your money go further。这就是文章的主题句。它说明了本文所叙述的内容，一定是与wise buying有关的。我们在通读文章时，对于文章的第一句一定要加以注意，因为完型填空的第一句一般是不命题的，其目的就是要我们比较容易地掌握文章的主旨。2、细读文章、初选答案完型填空综合了词汇、结构以及阅读理解部分的测试内容，一般包括动词、介词搭配，词汇辨析(包括形近词和意近词)、固定搭配以及语法结构等等。(1)词汇辨析选项与选项之间构成形近词、意近词的关系。有时出题者也借助选项，考察考生对某些单词词义的精确理解。这类题在完型填空题中居多，基本都是四大类实义词(名词、动词、形容词和副词)的辨析。例如68题save, preserve, raise以及retain的辨析，结合后面提示我们的词“money”，不难选择出正确答案save。而preserve有保留、保存、保护的意思，raise也是及物动词，常与不及物动词rise混淆。retain含有词根re，retain有保留的意思。这类题其实是老题型词汇部分的变相考察，所以考生在做复习时参考老题型的词汇部分也有很大帮助的。有些题还可以借助上下文的提示做出，例如82题，根据上文提示，不难选出正确答案appliance(家用电器)。(2)介词辨析介词的用法中多考察介词与名词、介词与形容词及及介词与动词的搭配和用法。例如样题中的69、74、86题，其中69是个固定搭配，add to意为“增加”。(3)固定搭配(4)语法结构这里讲到的语法结构，是指主语从句、宾语从句，定语从句以及一些其他语法现象等等。例如85题check后面的宾语从句中缺少一个主语，所以应当选择what。3、回头补缺、核实答案在做题时，如果有的难题一时做不出来，应立刻跳过此题，继续往下做。不要在某一题上花费大量的时间，随着空格变得越来越少，对文章的理解会越来越轻松，有时就能从下文的线索和暗示中找到答案，这样再回过头来填上答案，也未为晚也。题目填完后(除个别难度较大的题目外)，考生应利用一到两分钟将答案带入原文通读，通读的目的是通过“语感”来核实答案。这样读下来，不仅可以改正填错的词，而且还可以在这一过程中得到启发，把做不上来的题目填出来。一、四级作文概述四级作文是提纲作文，一般按提纲写出相应段落即可。在文章内容上无需追求高深新颖，切题合理便可落笔；在思路逻辑上则要求句意通顺，文字流畅；在文字表现上要求无语法错误，个别小错可忽略(如动介搭配，单词拼写等不涉及语法类小错)。另外，值得一提的是，在篇章结构上建议写三段，所以即便题目只给出两个提纲，最好在完成两个提纲后，再多补充一段，所补内容不限，但须跟话题相关。二、四级作文例题分析鉴于近年来所考题目以议论文为主，所以给出如下3道议论文模拟题并做一浅析，以供参考。(1) The Shortage of Fresh Water1、目前淡水资源非常紧缺2、为什么会出现这种情况3、该如何解决96年6月份曾考过此题，今天来看，似乎更有现实意义。这是一道负面社会现象题，那么挖掘其背后根源，并找出解决方案，就成为探讨的主要方面，而提纲也正是如此。三个提纲各属其类，界限清晰，直接按提纲写三段即可。段1为提出现象，确立研究对象。提纲1翻译后仅一句话，作为一段话则显内容单薄，字数匮乏，所以需进一步发挥。不妨从例证角度扩充，举例时即可基于国内现状，也可纵观全球，显然前者更易行。可从我国西南地区的生活缺水，水价上升，以及河流干涸等细节方面铺陈。段2是原因分析，建议分析主观原因和客观原因两方面。所谓主观原因即是基于人的思想意念，心理意识，行为动机以及行为举措，比如人们节约意识的淡漠或者人们误认为淡水取之不尽等不当想法。而客观原因则是从非人角度出发，如社会发展，人口激增，甚至污染的加剧等方面出发，这些因素均使得淡水消耗的增加。当然，考场上由于时间紧迫，无法细想，可能会写出的两个全是主观类或客观类的原因，其实也无妨，只要二者不同即可，谨防虽言明两原因，但实则彼此混淆，出现逻辑不清的窘况。段3是措施分析，措施可从官方措施和民众措施两方面写起，也可加入作为现代年轻人，我该如何约束自己，从生活中小事做起节约水资源等内容。总之，在内容上考生尽可发挥想象力，纵马驰骋，原则依旧：切题者皆可。(2)Part-time Jobs for College Students1、目前大学校园里很多学生业余时间做兼职2、对于大学生是否该做兼职工作，人们看法不一3、我的看法这是一道校园话题，在内容上即涉及现象，又涉及观点，能很好地考察到学生的综合分析能力。提纲1依旧是现象提出，看到提纲1，大家脑海里会浮现很多熟悉的场景，如校园布告栏里张贴着的兼职广告，校园论坛上也经常发布的一些兼职信息等等，这些都可反映在段1中。所以当我们第一眼看到话题或提纲时，脑海中常常会浮现出相关场景，把这些画面定格，进行详细描绘即可，即自然又切题。当然，段1也可从学生的兼职渠道以及兼职类型等方面加以发挥。总之，提纲是总领，而符合总领的任何附属内容都可写。段2是人们对此学生兼职的不同看法，一正一反。切记在表达上述两类观点时，提出其相关论据。段3是提出作者本人看法。本人看法既可选择上述任一方(只要不极端)，也可提出与上述均异的第三类观点，对于极度偏激的正反方观点则需做一番调和与勾兑(这个一般很少见)。需要提醒的是，继提出己方观点后，还应补充其他内容，如论据；也可写我的下一步做法，甚至可写我所认为的大家对此问题所应采取的对策云云。(3)Private Cars of Today1、目前私家车越来多了2、私家车为人们带来的益处和问题这道题只有两个提纲，所以建议在完成提纲要求内容之后再补充一段相关内容，可以在提纲2之后续补段3(如举措类：如何合理地限制私家车的出行以减少废气排放等等)，也可在1，2之间插入一段(如原因分析，即为何私家车越来越多)。先来看提纲1，依然是事实陈述，看到提纲1，会很容易联想到马路上川流不息的过往车辆，以及高峰期令人沮丧的堵车，那么即可将这些内容付诸笔端。再看提纲2，是私家车给人们生活带来的影响，该事实是一中性事实，则需辩证地分析其影响的两面性，一方面它带来好处，如让人们的出行变得更自由更方便，另一方面它带来坏处，如排放废气，污染环境，或造成交通堵塞等等。总之，四级作文并非高不可攀，只要大家依据提纲多多联想，抓住最初的感动，在常理的指导下，将所欲传达的内容用确切的文字装载出即可过关得胜。1. 现在许多大学生普遍花钱大手大脚，消费水平高2. 有人认为社会整体生活水平提高了，大学生花钱多一些无可厚非3. 你的看法To Curb SpendingPart Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)， B)， C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage。Freuds Study on “Human Mind”Most people often dream at night. When they wake in the morning they say to themselves, “What a strange dream I had! I wonder what made me dream that。”Sometimes dreams are frightening. Sometimes, in dreams, wishes come true. At other times we are troubled by strange dreams in which the world seems to have been turned upside-down and nothing makes sense。In dreams we do things which we would never do when were awake. We think and say things we would never think and say. Why are dreams so strange and unfamiliar? Where do dreams come from?No one has produced a more satisfying answer than a man called Sigmund Freud. He said that dreams come from a part of ones mind which one can neither recognize nor control. He named this the “unconscious mind” 。Sigmund Freud was born about a hundred years ago. He lived most of his life in Vienna, Austria, but ended his days in London, soon after the beginning of the Second World War. The new worlds Freud explored were inside man himself. For the unconscious mind is like a deep well, full of memories and feelings. These memories and feelings have been stored there from the moment of our birth. Our conscious mind has forgotten them. We do not suspect that they are there until some unhappy or unusual experience causes us to remember, or to dream dreams. Then suddenly we see the same thing and feel the same way we felt when we were little children。This discovery of Freuds is very important if we wish to understand why people act as they do. For the unconscious forces inside us are at least as powerful as the conscious forces we know about. Sometimes we do things without knowing why. If we dont, the reasons may lie deep in our unconscious minds.When Freud was a child he cared about the sufferings of others, so it isnt surprising that he became a doctor when he grew up. He learned all about the way in which the human body works. But he became more and more curious about the human mind. He went to Paris to study with a famous French doctor, Charcot. At that time it seemed that no one knew very much about the mind. If a person went mad, or “out of his mind”， there was not much that could be done about it. People didnt understand at all what was happening to the madman. Had he been possessed by a devil or evil spirit? Was God punishing him for wrong-doing? Often such people were shut away from the ordinary people as if they had done some terrible crime。This is still true today in many places. Doctors prefer to experiment on those parts of a man which they can see and examine. If you cut a mans head open you can see his brain. But you cant see his thoughts or ideas or dreams。In Freuds day few doctors were interested in these subjects. Freud wanted to know how our minds work. He learned a lot from Charcot. He returned to Vienna in 1886 and began work as a doctor in nerve diseases. He got married and began to receive more and more patients at home. Most of the patients who came to see him were women. They were over-excited and anxious, sick in mind rather than in body. Medicine did not help them. Freud was full of sympathy but he could do little to make them better。Then one day a friend, Dr Josef Breuer, came to see him. He told Freud about a girl he was looking after. The girl seemed to get better when she was allowed to talk about herself. She told Dr Breuer everything that came into her mind. And each time she talked to him she remembered more about her life as a little child. Freud was excited when he heard this. He began to try to cure his patients in the same way. He asked about the events of their early childhood. He urged them to talk about their own experiences and relationships. He himself said very little. Often, as he listened, his patients relived moments from their past life. They trembled with anger and fear, hate and love. They acted as though Freud was their father or mother or lover. The doctor did not make any attempt to stop them. He quietly accepted whatever they told him, the good things and the bad. Also one young woman who came to him couldnt drink anything, although she was very thirsty. Something prevented her from drinking. Freud discovered the reason for this. One day, as they were talking, the girl remembered having seen a dog drink from her nurses glass. She hadnt told the nurse, whom she disliked. She had forgotten the whole experience. But suddenly this childhood memory returned to mind. When she had told it all to Dr Freudthe nurse, the dog, the glass of water the girl was able to drink again。Freud called this treatment the talking cure. Later it was called psychoanalysis. When patients talked freely about the things that were troubling them they often felt better。The things that patients told him sometimes gave Freud a shock. He discovered that the feelings of very young children are not so different from those of their parents. A small boy may love his mother so much that he wants to kill his father. At the same time he loves his father and is deeply ashamed of this wish. It is difficult to live with such mixed feelings, so they fade away into the unconscious mind and only return in troubled dreams. It was hard to believe that people could become blind, or lose the power of speech, because of what had happened to them when they were children。Freud was attacked from all sides for what he discovered. But he also found firm friends. Many people believed that he had at last found a way to unlock the secrets of the human mind, and to help people who were very miserable. He had found the answer to many of lifes great questions. He became famous all over the world and taught others to use the talking cure. His influence on modern art, literature and science cannot be measured. People who wrote books and plays, people who painted pictures and people who worked in schools, hospitals and prisons all learned something from the great man who discovered a way into the unconscious mind.Not all of Freuds ideas are accepted today. But others have followed where he led and have helped us to understand ourselves better. Because of him, and them, there is more hope today than there has ever been before for people who were once just called “crazy”。1. So far, Freud is the only one who can _。A) study humans thoughts, ideas and dreamsB) provide us the most satisfying reply to where dreams come fromC) tell us the reason why we will dream at nightD) offer us some help in mental problems2. Freud _。A) spent most of his life in Vienna as well as LondonB) ended his life after World War IIC) spend most of his life in Vienna, AustriaD) passed away in Austria before the World War 3. When Freud was a grown-up, _。A) he was more interested in human mind than the way the human body worksB) he focused his study on the human mind instead of human bodyC) he shifted his attention to the study of psychologyD) he was most interested in the study of how human body works4. In Freuds day, _。A) a number of doctors concentrated on the humans dreamsB) a lot of students admired Freuds study very muchC) no doctor would like to work with Freud togetherD) no doctors were interested in humans ideas, thoughts or dreams5. According to the passage, Dr Josef Breuer _。A) gave Freud some help in Freuds studyB) was one of the workmates of FreudC) was a doctor who specialized in the study of human bodyD) offered some advice in Freuds study6. According to the passage, psychoanalysis was a process _。A) in which patients would not participateB) in which patients must say something great they encountered beforeC) in which patients could do what they like to doD) in which patients could speak out his bad fortune freely in order to make themselves reassured7. Freud found with a shock that _。A) young children and their parents couldnt stay together for a long timeB) young children were always obedient to their parentsC) young children were not so different from their parents in feelingsD) young children and his parents differed largely in feelings8.Although much attack pointed to Freud, it was also thought by many people that Freud had a way to uncover the secrets of _and to help miserable people。9. According to the passage, it is hardly to measure Freuds influence on modern art, _ _ _。10. According to the passage, at present Freuds study brings a lot of hope to people once called “_。”Part Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section A Directions: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words on Answer Sheet 2.Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage。Many workers who worked in the World Trade Center after the September eleventh attacks became sick. They breathed a mix of dust, smoke and chemicals in the ruins of the Twin Towers and a third building that fell. Some went clays without good protection for their lungs. Five years later, many of the thousands who worked at Ground Zero in the early days after the attacks still have health problems。Doctorsat Mount Sinai Medical Center in New York City have announced the results of the largest study of these workers. The study confirmed high rates of breathing problems in members of the building trades, firefighters, police officers and other workers. Almost seventy percent of the workers in the study had a new or worsened breathing problem. These problems developed during or after their time working in the mountain of wreckage. About sixty percent still had breathing problems at the time of their examination. The researchers say they decided to study the effects on breathing first because other disorders might be slower to appear. Mount Sinai says it tested almost twelve thousand people between two thousand two and two thousand four. Eight out of ten of them agreed to have their results used in the report. The new results added strength to a Mount Sinai study released in two thousand four. That study was based on only about one thousand workers。Somelawmakers have sharply criticized city and state officials for letting workers labor at Ground Zero without satisfactory equipment. Officials have also been criticized for saying the air was relatively safe. State and federal officials have promised more than fifty million dollars to pay for treatment of the workers. Doctor Robin Herbert is one of the directors of the Mount Sinai testing program. She says people are still coming to the hospital for treatment of problems that were caused by the dust at Ground Zero. In her words: My worry is that money will be gone in a year, and what happens then?47. What contributed to problems of the workers in World Trade Center after the attacks?48. Who had the most serious breathing problems according to the latest study?49. The researchers decided to carry on some study on the effects on breathing first because _ might appear in a later period of time。50. _ are sharply criticized by some lawmakers because they let workers labor at Ground Zero with out satisfactory equipment。51. What measures have the officials promised to take to deal with the health problem?Section BDirections: There