陕西省西安市高考英语 短文改错、阅读理解训练（30）.doc

西安市2014高考英语短文改错、阅读理解训练（30）及答案第*套第一节 短文改错（10分）错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改增加：在缺词出加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用（）划掉。修改：在错的词下面划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改侯的词。注意：只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。者据never shall i forget the first english lesson giving by miss liu. one monday morning, when she entered the classroom, we found out that she was a young and beautiful lady. then she introduced her and said they shouldnt call her teacher liu but miss liu. later, she let us go to the blackboard and said something about ourselves in english in turns. when it was my turn, i felt too shy that i didnt dare to say anything before the class. she went up to me and said kind, “dont be afraid. i believe you can do well.” at last, i went to the blackboard. she praised me for that i had done.改错参考答案givinggiven 去掉out her-herself they-we said-say turns-turntoo-so kind-kindly do后加it that-what*结束passage *photographs are everywhere. they decorate (装饰) the walls of homes and are used in stores for sales of different goods. the news is filled with pictures of fires, floods, and special events. photos record the beauties of nature. they can also bring things close that are far away. through photos, people can see wild animals, cities in foreign lands, and even the stars in outer space. photos also tell stories.reporting the news through photos is called photojournalism. at times photojournalists tell their stories through a single picture. at other times, they use a group of pictures to tell a story. each picture is like a chapter in a book, which can do more than record the facts. it can also be a strong force for social change.jacob riis was among the first photojournalists. he took pictures of parts of new york city where the poor lived. riis believed that poverty(贫穷)caused crime, and he used photos to help him prove his point. a few years later, the photos of small children working in factories by lewis hine shocked the public. hines pictures helped bring about laws to protect such children.hundreds of pictures may have to be taken in order to get one or two really good photos. it takes science to have the photo come out clearly and art to make a photo that has a good design and expresses feeling. photojournalists make an actual record of what they see. a photo, however, can be both a work of art and an actual record. it can record an important event as a beautiful or exciting picture.as historical and artistic documents(文献) ,photos can become more important over time. today photojournalists still have their pictures appear in newspapers and magazines. they also publish(发表) them in books and on the internet.45. the underlined word “they” in the first paragraph refers to .a. beauties b. photos c. goods d. events46. the photos of the small children by hine show us that photos .a. are also works of art b. are popular ways of reporting newsc. often shock the public d. can serve as a force for social change47. what can we learn from the passage?a. news with pictures is encouraging. b. photos help people improve their life.c. news photos mean history in a sense. d. people prefer reading news with pictures.48. the text is mainly about .a. telling the story through pictures b. decorating the walls of homesc. publishing historical papers d. expressing feeling through pictures5. 答案 45.b 46.d 47.c 48.a*结束（201*重庆卷） 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1份，满分10分）以下标有题号的每一行均有一个错误，请找出，并按下列情况改正：此行多一个词：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉，在该行右边横线上写出该词，并也用斜线划掉。此行缺一个词：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），在该行右边横线上写出该加的词。此行错一个词：在错的词下划一横线，在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。注意：请在答题卡上作答。today is sunday .ive been in canada for two months .this is the first time that ive been away my family for such a 76. long time. with the help of katia, a roommate of me, ive 77. soon got used to live without my parents around. katia,like 78. many other russian girls, are nice and lively. we became 79. friends shortly after we meet each other. although her english 80. is a little hardly to understand, we enjoy chatting and we 81. usually talk a lot about our own family. were both surprised 82. that chinese culture or russian culture are so different. now, 83. we are planning a small party for the next sunday.there ,katia 84. will introduce me to some of her friends,one of who has been 85. to china several times.i just cant wait.【答案】第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）today is sunday .ive been in canada for two months .this is the first time that ive been away my family for such a 76. from long time. with the help of katia, a roommate of me, ive 77. mine soon got used to live without my parents around. katia,like 78. living many other russian girls, are nice and lively. we became 79. is friends shortly after we meet each other. although her english 80. met is a little hardly to understand, we enjoy chatting and we 81. hard usually talk a lot about our own family. were both surprised 82. families that chinese culture or russian culture are so different. now, 83. and we are planning a small party for the next sunday.there ,katia 84. the will introduce me to some of her friends,one of who has been 85. whom *结束passage *some people think that as more and more people have televisions in their homes，fewer and fewer people will buy books and newspapers. why read an article in the newspaper，when the tv news can bring you the information in a few minutes and with pictures? why read the life story of a famous man，when a short television program can tell you all that you want to know?television has not killed reading, however. today，newspapers sell in very large numbers. and books of every kind are sold more than ever before. books are still a cheap way to get information and enjoymentalthough some books with hard covers are expensive，many books are printed today as paperbacks(平装本)，which are quite cheap. a paperback collection of short stories，for example，is always cheaper than an evening at the cinema or the theater，and you can keep a book for ever and read it many times.books are a wonderful provider of knowledge and pleasure and some types of books should be in every homeevery home should have a good dictionarya good encyclopedia(百科全书)，though expensive，is useful，too，because you can find information on any subjectbesides，you can have such books as history books，science textbooks，cookbooks，and collections of stories and poemsthen from time to time you can take a book of poems off your shelves and read the thoughts and feelings of your favorite poets.68. it can be inferred from the passage that.atv programs are a chief provider of knowledge bcinemas are the best choice in getting informationcreading is a cheap way of learning and having fun dnewspapers are an expensive way to enjoy oneself69what does the sentence“television has not killed reading，however.”underlined in the second paragraph suggest?apeople only need reading，though. breading is still necessary today.creading is more fun than television. dwatching television doesnt help reading.70which of the following is mainly discussed in the last paragraph?atypes of books. bkinds of dictionariesclists of history books dcollections of stories and poems.71what can we learn from the passage?afewer and fewer people will buy booksba good dictionary should be kept in every homecbooks with hard covers sell better than paperbacks. dmore people like tv programs about famous men3答案 68.c 69.b 70.a 71.b*结束第*套短文改错 (共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（），并在此符号下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。i was born in a farmer family in suizhong county, liaoning province in june, in 1965 when i was a child, i dreamed of flyingin the sky i joined the army in june, 1983 in 1992, i was sent tothe air force base in august, 1996, i was one of the first 14 members from 1,500 pilots through the physical examination i worked hardly, because i was among the first astronauts of our country in 1998. 20090318i was chosen one of the first man space aircraft astronautslateron oct15, 2003, i successfully fly to space, circledaround the earth about 14 circle and then returned i was honoredto have given the chance to be the first chinese to travel in space 参考答案短文改错1farmer改为farmer,s2 去掉1965前面的in 3 an air force base。4 把hardly改为hard5把because改为so6在chosen后加as7 manned8 flew 9 把circle改为circles 10 在have后面加been *结束it was a hot summer day. my dad and i were getting ready to go out for a ride on the boat with my friend katie and the dog when the phone call came, the call that made that bright, beautiful day a cold, dark, gloomy one.i had just put on my suit, shorts, and tank top, and packed my bag with sunscreen and everything else i would need for the day. i ran into my parents room to find dad. when i saw him on the phone, he was crying. id never seen my dad cry before. my heart sank. what possibly could have happened?max, im so sorry, i heard him say. thats when it hit me. i knew that suzie had died.max has been my dads best friend for years. suzie, his daughter, had a rare disease that mainly affected her body. her brain was ok. she knew what was going on; she knew that shehad problems and was different from other kids. once she told her dad that she wished she could die and be born in a different body. yet although she couldnt live a normal life ，she was still happy.when suzie and i were little, we spent quite a bit of time together. as we grew up, we grew apart. she lived in new york, and i lived in the midwest. when suzie was ten she had to live ina hospital in virginia. about eight months before she died, max gave us her number at the hospital and we talked at least twice a week until the end. suzie was always so excited to talk to us and wanted to know every detail about my life. she wanted to know everything i did and every thing i ate. in a way, she lived through me. after we found out about her death, we made our plans to go to new york for the funeral. when she was alive, i sent her a beanie baby and she sent one back to me. i had bought her another one but never had the chance to send it to her, so i took it to put in her casket(棺材).her funeral was very different from any funeral id ever been to. after they lowered her casket, each one of us put a shovelful of dirt over her. i remember crying so hard, i felt weak. my cheeks burned from the tears. my whole body was shaking as i picked up the shovel, but im glad i did it.when suzie and i first started calling one another, i thought it would be more of a burden on me, but i was completely wrong. i learned so much from her. she gave me more than i could ever give to her. i will never forget her or the talks we had. i now know that i must never take anything for granted especially my health and the gift of life.5the authors family cancelled their ride because_.akatie couldnt join them for the ridebthe weather was too terrible for a ridecthey couldnt find their dogdmaxs daughter passed away6what does the underlined part “in a wav, she lived through me.” mean?asuzie got to know what life outside hospital was like by sharing my experience.bsuzie was financially dependent of me.csuzie managed to pull through her illness with the help of my family.dsuzie was too weak to live her own life.7which of the following is true according to the text?asuzie was the only person helping the author with difficulties.bthe author feared that she might also get the same disease as suzie.cthe author benefited a lot from talking on the phone with suzie.dthe author didnt understand suzie was her true friend until suzies death.8what is the most important lesson the author learned from suzies death?anever let go of a friend even if you are apart.bbe thankful for what we have in our life.ctalking with a friend can cure your illness.dwe can learn more from our friends than they do from us.参考答案 58 dacb *结束一短文改错的主要特点1内容大都是学生身边或社会生活中常见的话题。以记叙文为主，有时也有说明文或应用文。2内容相对独立、完整。命题的总原则是整篇理解、分行解题。3语言简单易懂，没有生僻的词汇或繁难的句法结构；短文的词数为120左右。4考查要点覆盖面广, 分布合理。涉及词法、句法、行文逻辑等三个方面。二短文改错的常见类型纵观近几年高考题中的短文改错, 不难看出,其错误形式基本上为：错词占6行左右; 正确占1 行; 多词和缺词一般占3 行左右。错误类型主要涉及动词、名词、形容词、副词、冠词、代词、介词、连词、主谓一致、固定结构等语法知识。其中, 动词时态、语态、非谓语动词等是考查重点。*结束172考点知识精讲一、短文改错的解题基本思路1通读全文，掌握大意首先，要认真阅读短文，把握全篇主旨，弄清上下文的逻辑关系，了解文章所创设的语言环境，为正确判断创造条件。2整句理解，逐行找错。在读懂文章之后，要逐句逐行地找错。分析每个句子中句法、语法、行文逻辑等方面是否有错，要做到逐行分析，不可遗漏，句与句之间要注意连词的用法。3由易到难，各个击破改错要从最简单、最熟悉的项目入手，先从语法的角度入手，再从逻辑方面考虑，最后推敲难题。4检查核对，规范改正最后浏览改后的全文，看全篇是否语义通顺，注意正确行。 要特别注意规范改正错误, 严格按照示范规定符号和要求去改。切忌文字说明或用箭头表示。二短文改错的设题方式一错词：错词的情况归纳起来大致可分为虚词选择错误、实词词形错误、同(近)义词、形似词选择错误等。1虚词错误介词错误。介词错误主要集中在介词的固定搭配、介词多词义的用法以及一些意义相近介词、副词和连词的混用等。1.after five years away in my hometown，i find that the neighborhood which i used to live in has changed a lot.(09全国卷i)析：“从离开，远离”应为短语 away from，不能与in搭配。应将in改为from。 连词错误主要表现: 句与句之间的关系混淆，是并列、转折、承接、还是表原因；连词与介词、副词的混用，一些连词具有多重功能和词性以及意义相近连词的区别等。1.i meant to give it back to you before four in the afternoon，and i was held up on my way back(09全国卷ii) 析：分析前后两个句子可知，前面的句子与后面的句子存在转折关系，不是并列关系，应将 and 改为but。冠词错误：冠词的考查集中在：应该使用定冠词的地方使用了不定冠词；应该使用不定冠词的地方却使用了定冠词；不定冠词a与an的误用等。1.three men were fishing when the angel appeared in the boat with them. （2009.四川卷）析：初次提到的人或物前应该用不定冠词，因此要将第一个the改为an。2实词错误 名词错误主要集中在：名词的单复数形式，特别注意不规则名词的复数形式；可数名词和不可数名词的混用；抽象名词具体化；名词的所有格等。1. i stayed there for one and a half h