【三维设计】高考英语一轮复习 Unit4 Astronomy the science of the stars板块训练 新人教版必修3.doc

unit 4astronomy: the science of the stars 由句连篇背佳句、学衔接，让作文流畅起来一、话题写作佳句必背1i write this letter to apply for the position that you have advertised in china daily of april 2nd.我写这封信的目的是申请你刊登在4月2日中国日报上的那个工作岗位。2i feel that i am fit for it very much for both my education and experience.鉴于我的教育和经验，我感觉非常适合它(这份工作)。3i love sports and enjoy perfect health, which may be important to the volunteer work.我喜欢运动而且非常健康，这一点对志愿者工作来说非常重要。4a lot of my friends are football fans and im familiar with the tourist attractions in weihai.我的许多朋友都是球迷而且我非常熟悉威海的旅游景点。二、连句成篇并背诵(选用“last but not least, and, whats more”过渡词衔接成文)i write this letter to apply for the position that you have advertised in china daily of april 2nd. and i feel that i am fit for it very much for both my education and experience. whats_more,_i love sports and enjoy perfect health, which may be important to the volunteer work. last_but_not_least,_a lot of my friends are football fans and im familiar with the tourist attractions in weihai.高频单词必记1system n系统；体系；制度2theory n. 学说；理论3atmosphere n. 大气层；气氛4fundamental adj. 基本的；基础的5thus adv. 因此；于是6puzzle vt.& vi. (使)迷惑；(使)为难n. 谜；难题7gentle adj. 温和的；文雅的8crash vi.& vt. 碰撞；坠落9pull n& vt. 拉(力)；拖；牵引力10float vi.& vt. (使)浮动；(使)漂浮n. 漂浮物11unlike prep.不同；不像like vt.喜欢prep.相像的likely adj.可能的12violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的violence n暴力violently adv.暴力地；猛烈地13harmful adj.有害的harm n& v伤害harmless adj.无害的14exist vi.存在；生存existence n存在；生存1语境串记(用所给词的适当形式填空)(1)the robbers hit them violently.they couldnt bear it any more so they decided to answer violence with violence and began their violent fightback.(violent)(2)this object gives off harmful gases.they may do harm to our health.you must make the object harmless before you use it.(harmful)(3)do you believe in the existence of ghosts？perhaps they only exist in the minds of some people.(exist)2主题串记请根据词性和汉语提示写出以ful为后缀的高频单词(1)awful adj.可怕的；使人不愉快的；极讨厌的(2)cheerful adj. 兴高采烈的；高兴的(3)faithful adj. 忠实的；忠诚的；尽职的；可靠的(4)grateful adj. 感激的；感谢的(5)hopeful adj. 怀有希望的；有希望的.重点短语必背 *1.in_time及时；终于2lay_eggs 下蛋*3.give_birth_to 产生；分娩4in_ones_turn 轮到某人；接着5prevent_.from 阻止；制止*6.cheer_up 感到高兴；感到振奋*7.now_that 既然*8.break_out 突发；爆发9watch_out 密切注视；当心；提防*10.block_out 挡住(光线)选用以上标有*的短语填空(其中有一项是多余的)1we put a curtain across the window to block_out the sunlight.2you ought to have a good rest now_that youve finished the work.3it was the study of history that gave_birth_to the social sciences.4do you think well be in_time to catch the train to go to paris?5i do hope she can_cheer_up_and accept the challenge of life bravely!.经典句型必会 1but when i tried to step forward, i found i was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.而当我试着向前迈步时，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。解读“twice as形容词原级as”是倍数表达法之一。仿写新技术被引进后，这个工厂2012年生产的机器是去年的两倍。after the new technique was introduced, the factory produced twice_as_many_machines_in_2012_as the year before.2this produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.这就产生了一系列的反应，使得生命就有可能开始发展了。解读句中的it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式短语to develop。仿写这两个女孩长得很像，陌生人很难把她们区分开。the two girls are so alike that strangers find_it_difficult_to_tell one from the other.3“oh, dear, ” i cried, “walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.”“天哪，”我大声说，“重力改变了，看来走路也的确需要练一练了。”解读now that “由于；既然”，引导原因状语从句，有时that可以省略。仿写你既然得到了一个机会，不妨充分利用它。now_that_youve_got_a_chance,_you might as well make full use of it.4the earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.地球变得如此激烈动荡以至于不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。解读whether . or not“是否”。仿写你是否参加她的生日晚会都没有太大关系。it doesnt matter much whether_you_will_take_part_in_her_birthday_party_or_not.1harmful adj.有害的，其反义词为harmless经典例句experts point out that fruit juices can be harmful to childrens teeth.(牛津p803)专家指出果汁可能损害儿童的牙齿。(1)be harmful to sb./sth.对某人/某物有害 对某人有害(3)there is no harm in doing sth./it does no harm to do sth.做某事是个好主意(或没有坏处)air pollution will get worse and this will be harmful to people; for example, it can cause cancer.空气污染会加剧，而且这会对人们造成危害，例如，它可以引发癌症。as far as im concerned, there_is_no_harm_in making an apology to him first.就我个人而言，先向他道歉没有什么坏处。2exist vi.存在；生存教材原句they laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years.它们也生蛋，在地球上存在了一亿四千多年。(1)exist in存在于之中exist on 靠为生there exists/existed . 某地有；存在(2)existence n. 存在；生存come into existence 产生；成立；开始存在there exists a good way to solve the existing problem in geography.有一个解决现存地理问题的好办法。they cant exist on the money hes earning.他们靠他挣的那点钱无法维持生活。as is known to us, china came_into_existence as an independent country in 1949.众所周知，在1949年中国以一个独立的国家存在了。3puzzle vt.使迷惑；使为难；使窘困；感到迷惑n.(游戏的)猜谜；难题；谜教材原句how life began on earth is one of the biggest puzzles that scientists found hard to solve.地球生命如何起源是科学家们觉得很难解决的最大的难题之一。(1)puzzle over/about sth.苦苦思索/仔细琢磨puzzle sth.out 琢磨出的答案a puzzle to sb. 某人不懂(2)puzzled adj. 迷惑不解的(常用来修饰人)puzzling adj. 令人迷惑不解的(常用来修饰 事物)it puzzles scientists how these creatures can survive in such severe conditions.这些生物是如何在这样艰难的条件下存活的，这使科学家很疑惑。ive been trying to puzzle_out why shes so upset.我一直想试图搞清楚她为什么如此烦恼。her puzzled look on her face suggested she didnt understand what i said.她脸上迷惑的表情表明她不明白我说的话。4pull n& vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力教材原句as the rocket rose into the air, we were pushed back into our seats because we were trying to escape the pull of the earths gravity.随着火箭的升空，由于我们在努力挣脱地球的引力，我们被向后推在座位上。pull away(汽车等)开走pull down 拆毁；摧毁pull in (车辆)进站停靠；靠边停靠pull out 驶出；拉出，拔出pull through 康复；痊愈they are pulling down those houses to make room for a new hotel.为了给新旅馆腾地，他们正在拆除那些房屋。we waved as the train pulled_out_of_the_station.火车驶出车站时我们挥手告别。the police car signalled to us to pull in.警车发出信号，要我们驶向路边停靠。单词对点集训.用所给词的适当形式填空1unlike most people in the office who come to work by car, i usually come to work by bus.(like)2i consider that it is harmful for students to play computer games, though some of them dont think so.(harm)3there was a puzzled look on her face because a puzzling problem puzzled the little girl.(puzzle)4nobody knows when the world came into existence.(exist).单项填空1(2013成都部分高中高三质检)his injuries are extremely serious, but hes expected to _.apull inbpull throughcpull up dpull over解析：选b考查动词短语辨析。句意：他的伤很严重，但有望恢复。pull in“驶向路边停下；进站”；pull through“恢复健康”；pull up“停下”；pull over“停靠在路边”。根据句意选b项。2(2013淄博模拟)_ a certain doubt among the workers as to the necessity of the work.ait existedbthere existedcthere had dit had解析：选b句意：对于做这份工作的必要性，工人们存在一定的疑惑。there exists/existed .“有；存在”；相当于there be .结构。教师备课参考there be句型的非谓语形式包括there being 和there to be两种基本形式。(2013山东实验中学诊断)there _ nothing more to do, mr.goodman left for home.awasbbeingcto be dhad been解析：选b句意：没有另外的事可做，古德曼先生回家了。因为there前没有引导词，mr. goodman前也无连接词，所以，本句应该用独立主格结构，所以用现在分词being表主动含义。3the girl looked at me with a _ expression.maybe that problem was quite _.apuzzled; puzzling bpuzzling; puzzledcpuzzled; puzzled dpuzzling; puzzling解析：选a句意：这个女孩满脸迷惑地看着我。也许那个问题很让人迷惑。a puzzled expression“迷惑的表情”；puzzling“令人迷惑的”。4doctors always tell us that drinking too much _ our health, but some people dont care.ais harm to bdoes harmful tocis harmful to ddo harm to解析：选c句意：医生总是告诉我们饮酒太多有害健康，但有些人却不在意。be harmful to sb. do harm to sb. “对某人有害”。d项应用第三人称单数。1in time及时；终于；总有一天经典例句i should be back in time to watch the show.(朗文p2162)我应该能及时赶回来观看那场表演。(1)in no time 立刻；马上at no time 绝不at a time 每次；一次at one time 曾经；一度at the same time 同时from time to time 有时；偶尔(2)take ones time 别着急；慢慢来kill time 消磨时间if you keep on, you will succeed in time.如果坚持下去，你迟早会成功的。luckily, i quickly adapted and everything was back in no time. 所幸我很快就适应了，不久一切都走上了正轨。at one time, half the land on the earths surface was covered by forest.曾经，地球表面有一半的土地被森林所覆盖。at no time will_smoking be permitted here.这里绝不允许吸烟。链接高考(2012江苏高考)thank god youre safe!i stepped back, just _ to avoid the racing car.ain time bin casecin need din vain解析：选a考查介词短语辨析。句意：“谢天谢地，你安全了！”“我向后退了一步，正好及时避过了赛车。”in time“及时”，符合句意。in case“万一；假使”；in need“需要”；in vain“徒劳；无济于事”。2in ones turn轮到某人；接着教材原句thus they have, in their turn, become the most important animals on the planet.于是，他们接着成为了这个行星上最重要的动物。in turn依次；轮流；反之；反过来by turns 轮流；交替地take turns to do sth. 轮流做某事it is ones turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事it turns/turned out that . 结果when it is in my turn, i am too excited to speak.当轮到我时，我激动得都说不出话来了。you cant all do it together; youll have to take turns.你们不能全体一齐上，你们得轮流做。people try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars, and this in_turn creates more problems.人们使用自己的小汽车避免公共交通延误，反过来，这将造成更多的问题。3cheer up(使)高兴；(使)振奋；感到高兴；感到振奋教材原句i cheered up immediately and floated weightlessly around in our spaceship cabin watching the earth become smaller and the moon larger.我立刻高兴起来，由于失重我在太空舱里飘来飘去，我望着(身后的)地球越来越小，而(前方的)月亮越来越大。(1)cheer v欢呼；喝彩cheer sb. on (比赛中)以喝彩声鼓励；为某人加油(2)cheerful adj. 快乐的；高兴的(3)cheers! (用于祝酒)干杯！give mary a call; she needs cheering up.给玛丽打个电话，她需要人安慰。they do this in order to encourage crowds to cheer their sports team on.他们这样做是为了鼓励人们为他们的球队加油。链接高考(2011浙江高考)if they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around the city _ by their enthusiastic supporters.abeing cheered bbe cheeredcto be cheered dwere cheered解析：选c考查非谓语动词。根据句意“如果他们在今晚的决赛中获胜的话，他们队将环游城市，接受他们热情的支持者的欢呼。”可知，此处应用动词不定式表示将来。故选c项。短语对点集训.完成句子1once he has made up his mind, no one can prevent_him_from_carrying_out (阻止他执行) the plan.2mary looks a little unhappy today.yes.we must do something to cheer_her_up (使她振作起来)3before the_war_broke_out (战争爆发), many people put away safe places possessions they could not take with them.4will you be home in_time_to_see_the_children (及时看看孩子) before they go to bed?5youve made me suffer in the past, so now you, in_your_turn (轮到你了), suffer again!6hans finally got_the_hang_of_his_job (熟悉他的工作) after three months of training.单项填空1im thinking of the test tomorrow.im afraid i cant pass this time._！im sure youll make it.ago aheadbgood luckcno problem dcheer up解析：选d句意：“我正在考虑明天考试的问题，恐怕这次我会不及格。”“振作起来！我相信你会通过的。”根据上下文只有cheer up “振作起来”符合句意。go ahead “继续”； good luck “好运气”； no problem “没问题”。2im not good at dancing, you know._ its just for fun.adont say so. bcome on!cwhat a pity! dcheer up.解析：选b后句句意：来吧！我们只是玩玩。come on “得了吧；来吧”； what a pity “真是遗憾”； cheer up “振作点”。3tom has agreed to let me use his computer to surf the internet, and _ im treating him to a good dinner at the newlybuilt restaurant just around the corner.ain charge bin placecin return din turn解析：选c考查介词短语辨析。句意：汤姆同意让我用他的电脑上网，作为回报，我要在拐角处新开的饭馆请他好好吃一顿。in charge“负责；掌管”；in place“在适当的位置”；in return“作为回报”；in turn“反过来”。4_， i lost heart in english learning, but my teacher often said to me, “keep on working hard, and youll succeed _.”aat a time; in time bat a time; on timecat one time; in time dat one time; on time解析：选c句意：我一度对英语学习失去了信心，但是老师常对我说，“继续努力学习，你最终会成功的。” at one time “曾经；一度”； in time “早晚；迟早；及时”。5we usually take turns_cleaning, and today it is my turn_it.ato do; doing bdo; docdone; doing dto do; to do解析：选d考查搭配take turns to do sth.“轮流干某事”及it is ones turn to do sth.“轮到某人干某事”。1“oh dear，” i cried, “walking does need a bit of practice now_that_gravity has changed.”“天哪，”我大声说，“重力改变了，看来走路也的确需要练一练了。”now that“既然；由于”，引导原因状语从句。在语义上相当于since，that在口语中可省略。now that most children nowadays are the only one of the family, they tend to be more selfcentered.由于现在大部分孩子是独生子女，他们有以自我为中心的倾向。now_that_they_have_computers,_it becomes easier for them to solve the problem.既然他们有计算机了，处理这个问题就更容易了。now you have grown up, you can make up your mind by yourself.你已长大了，可以自己作决定了。2but when i tried to step forward, i found i was carried twice_as_far_as on the earth and fell over.而当我试着向前迈步时，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。twice as far as .是一种倍数的表示方法，意为“是的两倍远”。as far as .“远到”。英语里常见的倍数表达法有：the new stadium being built for the next asian games will be three times as big as the present one.(2011陕西高考单项填空)正在建造的下届亚运会的新体育馆将是目前这个的三倍大。there are five_times_more_books in our library than in yours.我们图书馆里的书比你们图书馆里的书多五倍。the worlds population has grown to more than six times what it was in 1800.目前世界人口与1800年相比已经增长到当时的六倍多。链接高考(2012新课标全国卷)this restaurant wasnt _ that other restaurant we went to.ahalf as good as bas half good ascas good as half dgood as half as解析：选a考查倍数表达法。句意：这家餐馆还没有我们去过的其他餐馆的一半好呢。本题为倍数表达法之一：倍数asadj.原级as比较成分。句型对点集训.完成句子1now_that_everyone_agrees_to_the_plan (既然大家都同意这个计划), lets start for shanghai next weekend.(now)2the new bridge is three_times_the_width_of (三倍宽) that one built last year.(width)3we_feel_it_our_duty (感觉是我们的职责) to make our country a better place.(it).单项填空1my uncles house in the downtown area is much smaller than ours, but it is twice _ expensive.aas bsoctoo dvery解析：选abut分句实际上是一个省略句，补充完整为：but it is twice as expensive as ours。2(2012东北三校第二次联考)it is shown that men have _ as women do on average while driving according to recent statistics.atwice as many serious accidentsbserious accidents as twice manyctwice serious accidents as manydserious accidents as many twice解析：选a考查倍数表达法。句意：最近的数据表明，男士在开车时发生的严重事故平均是女士的两倍。此处用的是倍数表达方式“倍数词as many名词.as .”。3(2013云南高中毕业生检测)roger had a gps device fitted in his car _ he lost his way in the city.aso that bnow thatcin case das if解析：选c句意：罗杰让人在车上安装了gps设备，以防在城里迷路。in case引导条件状语从句，表示“以防；万一”，符合句意。4_we lost the game, its no use complaining that we are not having much luck.ain order that bnow thatcas if dsuch that解析：选b考查状语从句。句意：既然我们输掉了比赛，抱怨我们运气不好是没有用的。根据句意可知这里要用now that引导原因状语从句，意思是“既然；由于”。主语从句1(2013石家庄质检)_ is obviously right is to give all children equal opportunities to develop their special gift.ait bascthat dwhat解析：选d句意：明显正确的做法就是给所有的孩子提供平等发展特殊才能的机会。连接词引导一个主语从句，并在主语从句中作句子的主语，所以用what。2(2013唐山模拟)it makes his life quite different _ he has received higher education abroad.athat bwhichcwhat dhow解析：选a考查主语从句。本句中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是“that he has received higher education abroad”。3(2013温州模拟)please remember _ wins your respect is not your background but your knowledge and virtues.athat bwhatcwhich dwhere解析：选b考查名词性从句。句意：请记住，为你赢得尊重的不是你的背景，而是你的知识和美德。题干中remember之后为宾语从句，其中， what wins your respect又为主语从句。4(2012福建六校联考)_ is known to us all is that the chinese government has spared no efforts to protect people from fake food.aas bitcthat dwhat解析：选d分析句子结构可知，该题应用what引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语。that引导名词性从句时无意义也不作成分；如果用as构成定语从句，则应表达为as is known to us all the chinese .；如果用形式主语it，则表达为it is known to us all that the chinese .。5(2013西安高三质检)he left home without saying a word, and _ worries many people.awhere he has gone bwhere did he gocwhich place has he gone dwhere has he gone解析：选a考查从句的语序。这是一个主语从句，需使用陈述句语序。.单项填空1 _ things are not so bad as they seem. oh, im sure.so we stick to it.acheer up！bwell done!ccongratulations! dso what?解析：选a句意：“振作起来吧！情况并不像看上去的那样糟。”“哦，我确信。因此我们坚持下去吧。”a项意为“振作起来”；b项意为“干得好”；c项意为“祝贺”；d项意为“那又怎么样”。2(2013北京东城模拟)thats really a _ problem; no wonder all the students looked _.apuzzled; puzzling bpuzzled; puzzledcpuzzling; puzzling dpuzzling; puzzled解析：选d考查形容词辨析。a puzzling problem “一个令人困惑的问题”； look puzzled “看起来被弄糊涂了”。3(2013温州高三质检)recently a kind of industrial glue which is _ to peoples health has been found in some medicine.aharmful bharmlesscgooddfriendly解析：选a考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最近药物中发现了一种对人体有害的工业用胶。be harmful to “对有害”，符合句意。4(2013杭州高三质量调研)_ seems to be a strong competition in china for senior high students to enter universities does exist in other countries as well.ait bwhichcwhat dthat解析：选c考查主语从句。句意：在中国，高中生考大学似乎存在很激烈的竞争，这一现象在其他国家同样存在。在这个主语从句中，设空处作主语，故用what。5(2013兰州一中模拟)_ you are a college student, you should learn to be independent of your parents help.aas if bso thatceven if dnow that解析：选d根据句意可知，两个分句之间为因果关系，故选now that(既然)。as if“好像；似乎”；so that“因此；以便”；even if“即使；虽然”。6the festival of this year has been a great success，_ the year before when it rained nonstop. alike bunlikecalike ddislike解析：选b句意：今年这个节日过得很成功，不像前年过节时，雨下个不停。根据题干，此处需用介词，故排除c、d两项。unlike意为“不同；不像”，符合句意。like“相像的；类似的”。教师备课参考有些单词的形式相似，其词性和意义却相差甚远，如：like (作为动词时，意为“喜欢”；作为介词时意为“相像的；类似的”)； dislike (动词，意为“不喜欢”)；unlike (介词，意为“不像”)；alike (形容词，意为“相同；一样；相似”)。has some bad thing happened to her？ its her to drink so much.a.likeb.dislikec.unliked.alike 解析：选c句意：她发生不好的事情了吗？喝那么多的酒不像她的风格。its unlike sb. to do sth.“做不像某人平常的样子”。7(2013温州十校联考)to _ skating, one needs to keep practising and receive professional guidance.acatch hold of bhave an eye forcget the hang of dstick to解析：选c考查动词短语辨析。句意：一个人想要掌握滑冰的要领，需要不断练习并接