高中英语动词时态语态复习讲解(讲义+练习).doc

动词时态讲解 动词时态、语态汉语的时态大多是通过副词来表达的，而英语的时态是靠动词的变化和时间状语来表达的。英语中的时态共有十六种，但是常考的或较常用的只有9种，而且重点测试完成时态。要掌握英语的时态和语态，必须掌握好英语中的助动词(do, be, have)和时间状语这两个核心问题。1、一般现在时主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性的 动作，句子中常有often, always, from time to time等时间状语；表示客观规律和永恒真理等。 He usually goes to work at 7 oclock every morning. She has a brother who lives in New York. The earth goes around the sun. Guangzhou is situated in the south of China.考点一：表示永恒的真理，即使出现在过去的语境 ，仍用一般现在时。 如：I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school.考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，代替一般将来时；常用的引导词有：时间：when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment/the minute, the day;条件：if, unless, provided.If he accepts the job, he will get more money soon.考点三：在make sure (certain), see to it, mind, care, matter宾语从句，从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。So long as he works hard, I dont mind when he finishes the experiment.只要他努力工作，我不介意他什么时候做完试验。考点四：在the more the more (越越)句型中,若主句是一般将来时,从句通常用一般现在时。The harder you study, the better results you will get.2、现在进行时表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动：或表感情色彩，加强语气。与频率副词，如always，constantly，continually，again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩（赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等）。We are having English class.The house is being built these days.The little boy is always making trouble.考点一：在时间状语或条件状语从句中表示将来正在进行的动作。Look out when you are crossing the street.Dont wake him up if he is still sleeping at 7 tomorrow morning.考点二：表示在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作（这时多有表示将来的时间状语）。Marry is leaving on Friday.3、现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，完成在过去，但强调与现在情况仍有联系，其结果或影响仍存在。现在完成时有一些标志性的时间状语：考点一：for +时间段；since +时间点They have lived in Beijing for five years.They have lived in Beijing since 1995.I have learned English for ten years.考点二：常见的不确定的时间状语：lately; recently, just, already, yet, up to now; till now; so far, these days,Has it stopped raining yet ?考点三：在表示“最近几世纪/年/月以来”时间状语中，谓语动词用现在完成时。in the past few years/months/weeks/days；over the past few years; during the last three months; for the last few centuries, through centuries; throughout history等考点四：表示“第几次做某事，”或在“It is the best (worst, most interesting ) +名词that”后面跟现在完成时。This is my first time that I have visited China.This is the most interesting film I have ever seen.That is the only book that he has written.4一般过去时表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作，或过去习惯性动作，不强调对现在的影响，只说明过去。常跟明确的过去时间连用，如：yesterday; last week; in 1945, at that time; once; during the war; before; a few days ago; when,注意：考点一：used to + do，表示过去经常但现在已不再维持的习惯动作。to为不定式，后接动词原形。be/become/get used to + doing，表示习惯于He used to smoke a lot.He has got used to getting up early.考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，代替过去将来时。He promised to buy me a computer if he got a raise5.过去进行时表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。The boy was doing his homework when his father came back from work.He was taking a walk leisurely by the lake when he heard someone shouted for help.What were you doing at nine last night?The radio was being repaired when you called me.6.过去完成时表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作，即过去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去”，句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语，这种时态从来不孤立使用( before, after, by, up till )There had been 25 parks in our city up till 2000.By the end of last term we had finished the book.They finished earlier than we had expected.考点一：用于hardly/scarcely.when; no sooner .than句型中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。I had hardly finished my work when he came to see me.I had no sooner got into the room than it began to snow.No sooner had I arrived home than the telephone rang.（注意主谓倒装）考点二：表示“第几次做某事”，主句用过去时，从句用过去完成时。That was the second time that she had seen her grandfather.It was 3 years since we had parted。考点三：动词hope, expect, think, intend, mean, want, suppose, plan用过去完成时，表示未实现的愿望、打算和意图。I had hoped that I could do the job.I had intended to see you but I was too busy.7.一般将来时表在将来某个时间会发生的动作或情况。常和tomorrow, next year, in 2008等表示将来的时间状语连用，其表现形式多达5种。Beijing will host the 29th Olympic Games in 2008.考点一：一般将来时总是用在一些时间状语从句或条件状语从句的主句中：We will begin our class as soon as the teacher comes.（主句用一般将来时，从句中一定要用一般现在时替代一般将来时。）考点二：某些表示短暂性动作的动词如arrive, come, go, leave, start等，用现在进行时形式表示将来。I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow.考点三：“祈使句+ and/or +句子”，这种结构中and后面的句子谓语用一般将来时。Use your head and you will find a way.考点四：“am (is, are) going to +动词原形”表示打算要做的事或可能要发生的事。“am (is, are) about to +动词原形”表示按照预定计划或打算准备着手进行的动作。“am (is, are) to +动词原形”表示必须、必然或计划将要做的事。They are to be married in this May.8、将来进行时表将来某个时间正在发生的动作，或按计划一定会发生的事情。Ill be doing my homework this time tomorrow.明天这会我正在写作业。The President will be meeting the foreign delegation at the airport.9、将来完成时表在将来某时刻之前业已完成的事情，时间状语非常明显。考点一：常用的时间状语一般用by+将来的时间。如：by the end of this year, by 8 oclock this evening, by March next year以及由by the time, before或when等引导的副词从句。By the end of next month, he will have traveled 1000 miles on foot.By the time you reach the station, the train will have left.By next Tuesday, I will have got ready for the exams.考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，将来完成时则由现在完成时表示。The children will do their homework the moment they have arrived back from school.10.动词的语态一般用于强调受者，做题时谓语动词不再有名词或宾语。动词的语态一般不单独考，而是和时态、语气和非谓语动词一起考，只是需要注意以下考点。考点一：不能用于被动语态的动词和词组come true, consist of, take place, happen, become, rise, occur, belong, break out, appear, arrive, die, fall, last, exist, fail, succeedIt took place before liberation.考点二：下列动词的主动语态表示被动意义,而且常与well, quite, easily, badly等副词连用。lock (锁) ; wash (洗); sell (卖); read (读); wear (穿); blame (责备)；ride (乘坐)；write (写)；Glass breaks easily.玻璃容易破碎。The car rides smoothly.这车走起来很稳。The case locks easily.这箱子很好锁。The book sells well.这本书很畅销。考点三：一些常用经典被动句型：It is said, It is reported, It is widely believed，It is expected, It is estimated,这些句子一般翻译为“据说”，“人们认为”，而“以前人们认为”则应该说：It was believed, It was thought时态、语态100练1.“I dont like to travel. ”“Have you ever _ in an airplane?” A. flyingB. flewC. flowedD. flown2. “Today is very cold, isnt it?” “Yes, the river is _ over.” A. freezedB. freezeC. frozenD. freezing3“What happened in that new area?” “New houses _ recently over there.” A. are builtB. buildC. have builtD. have been built4.“When did you go to work?” “As soon as they came, we _ to work.” A. wentB. were goingC. had goneD go5.“Did you wait for him very long?” “Yes, I _ to bed until five in the morning.” A. did goB. didnt goC had goneD. went6._ that dress when I first saw you at the station? A Were you wearingB. Have you wornC. Did you wearD. do you wear7.Mr Wu _ to work by bus every day. A. has been travelingB. has traveledC. travelsD is traveling8.Dont disturb（打扰） him. He _ to the weather forecast. A. listensB. is being listenedC. has listenedD. is listening9.We _ on it for many hours, but we have not yet reached any conclusion. A. are being workedB. are workingC. have been workingD. have been worked10.Shanghai _ on the Huangpu River. A. standB. standsC is being standD. has stood11.“Tell the students to stop shouting. We _ our works now.”A. writeB. have been writingC. are writingD. have written12.“_ your best? Its not satisfactory. Im afraid you will have to do it again.”A. Do you tryB. Have you triedC. Are you tryingD. Have you been trying13.Chinese married couple _ red packets to children and the unmarried during the Chinese new Year.A giveB. have been givingC. are givingD. have given14.My uncle, Sam,_ manager of the firm.A. has just madeB. is just being madeC. has just been madeD. is just made15.This is the first time the students _ to Park.A. have goneB. have been goneC. have been goingD. are being gone16.I _ the incident as if it were yesterday.A. am still to rememberB. have still been rememberingC. am being still rememberedD. still remember17.I _ swimming in the river and I always _ to swim when I can.A. am liking/have goneB. am being liked/am goingC. like/go D. have liked/have been going18.We have sometimes accidents on this line, but no accidents _ since last winter.A. occurB. have occurredC. have been occurringD. are occurring19.The No.8 bus _ to Chengdu college , and not to Sichuan University.A. are goneB. is being goneC. goesD. are going20.If it _,the match will be postponed.A. has been rainedB. does rainC. rainsD. is rained21.As soon as I _ the tools, I shall begin with the work.A. haveB. am havingC. have been havingD. have been had22.Every time he _ me, he is rude to me.A. will seeB. seesC. is seeingD. is seen23.Now that you _ , what are you going to do?A. are bing returnedB. have been returningC. have been returnedD. have returned24.I started my teaching career at the school. That was more than twenty years ago, and I _ there ever since.A. wasB. had beenC. will beD. have been25.Everything on the earth _ all the time.A. is changingB. is changedC. has changedD. has been changed26.We _ fine weather for the past few days.A. haveB. are havingC. have been hadD. have been having27.It _ every day so far this month.A. is rainingB. rainsC. has rainedD. has been rained28No one can prove that the earth _ not round.A. is beingB. is to beC. isD. has been29.The little girl _ by the drug-pusher to carry drugs into the country.A. was made useB. was made usedC. was made use ofD. was made used of30.I shall tell you what he _ at three oclock yesterday afternoon.A. had doneB. would doC. was doingD. had been done31.By the end of last year they _ 1,000 machines.A. turned outB. had turned outC. would turn out D . had been turned out32.He was sixty-eight. In two years he _ seventy.A. would beB. wasC. had beenD. was being33.How long ago _ playing football?A. had you stopped B. would you stop C. did you stop D. were you stopping34.John told us that by the end of the year they _ together for thirty years.A. would have been livingB. would have livedC. would have been livedD. will have been living35.The new type of machine _ the next. yearA. is going to turn outB. is going to being turned outC. is going to have turned outD. is going to be turned out36.By the end of last year the railway _.A. was being completedB. would be completedC. had been completedD. had completed37.They were sure they _ final victory.A. were wonB. would be wonC. would winD. had been won38.We _ on the project by the end of next week.A. shall have finished to workB. shall finish to workC. shall have finished workingD. shall finish working39.I promise you that I _ you a present next week.A. giveB. will have givenC. shall giveD. shall have given69.I hope that she _ to the demands of the naughty boys.A.will not have agreedB. will not be agreedC. will not agreeD. will not have been agreed70.In the long run your money _ in bonds.A. was more safely investedB. is more safely investedC. will be more safely investedD. are more safely invested71.Mr.Wilson asked me if these islands _ to Japan.A. belongB. are belongingC. are belongedD. have been belonged72.Before the end of the nineties, air pollution _ a serious problem that endangers the health of the human race.A. will be becomeB. will becomeC. will have become D. will have been become73.The train _ at eight tonight.A. will be startedB. will have startedC. shall be startedD. starts74.We _ an English evening tonight.A. are being havingB. are havingC. will be hadD. shall be had75.They _ for Beijing for practice.A. are leavingB. are being leftC. will have leftD. will be left76._ me or arent you?A. Will you helpB. Shall you helpC. Are you going to helpD. Will you have helped77.A new power station _ there.A. will be going to buildB. is going to be builtC. will be gone to buildD. is gone to be built78._ a meeting this afternoon.A. There going to beB. There will be going to beC. There is going to beD. There will going to be79.We _ a new experiment this afternoon.A. shall be to performB. will be to performC. are to be performedD. are to perform80.The government _ to approve the use of widespread surveillance when the Justice Department took objections.A. is goingB. had beenC. was aboutD. is coming81.You ought to _ a test in physics the day before, I think.A. have takenB. takeC. be takenD. be taking82.Kepler proved that the sun _ the center of the solar system.A. isB. wasC. had beenD. would be83.This is one of the best novels that _ this year.A. appearsB. is appearingC. has appearedD. have appeared84.My friend _ here last week, but he couldnt.A. was to have comeB. must have comeC. cameD. had to come85.He did not arrive until the meeting was nearly over, for the simple reason is that he _ asleep while watching television.A. had fallenB. has fallenC. fellD. was falling86.We had hardly sat down when she _ plates of food for us.A. broughtB. has broughtC. had broughtD. was bringing87.A friend of mine returned to his house after a holiday ,only to find it _.A. be broken intoB. was broken intoC. had broken intoD. had been broken into88.“What were you doing when Anna phoned you?”“I had just finished my work and _ to take a bath.”A. startingB. to startC. have startedD. was starting89.“Have you gone to see the doctor?”“No, but _.”A. I go