七年级英语讲义.doc

2014年秋季一加一教育七年级英语讲义（十五）Unit6 GrammarUnit7 Reading编写人：蔡丹丹 审核人：张万丽 2014/12/10Part I Unit6 Grammar（名词变复数）一名词变复数规则变化及发音：1、绝大多数的可数名词在词尾加上s ； eg：book_；desk_；pen_；car_ s遇t读浊辅音ts，遇d读清辅音dz eg：friend_; cat_; 2.、以s、x、ch、sh结尾的单词，在该词末尾加上-es；读音规则：读iz； eg：bus_; box_; watch_; dish_ 3、以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，要把y变为i，再加-es； eg：flyflies; babybabies; 元音字母加y结尾的单词直接加s；eg：toytoys；boyboys；4、以-f或-fe结尾的名词，要将-f或-fe变为-v，再加es；读音规则：读vz； eg：knifeknives；leafleaves；5、以-o结尾的名词，初级阶段只有四个单词要加-es，其余都加-s；读音规则：读z。 eg：tomato_西红柿; potato_土豆; hero_英雄； mango_芒果英雄; 口诀：“英雄喜欢吃土豆和西红柿和芒果” 其余eg：zoozoos;二名词变复数不规则变化：1.单词内部发生变化：口诀“oo常常变ee，男人女人a变e”eg：foot_；tooth_；man_；woman_2.单复数相同：“羊鱼小鹿无变化，单数复数是一家”eg：sheep_；fish_；deer_3.不规则变化：child_；mouse_；German_4“某国人”的复数有三种类型： 口诀“中日不变，英法变，其它S加后边”（1）Chinese, Japanese单数复数同形，不需加s； （2）Englishman, Frenchman, Dutchman（荷兰人）复数要把 man 变为men； （3）其他各国人以an, -ian收尾的均直接加s。如：Americans, Australians, 5. 名词修饰名词，变后面的名词。an apple tree_ a girl student_但是：成年男女+职业，两个都需要变复数：a man/woman teacher_ 三.不可数名词：不可数名词概念：不可以数的名词叫做不可数名词。包括物质名词（表示无法分为个体的物质）和抽象名词（表示抽象概念的词）。不可数名词特点：不可数名词没有复数形式，也不能与a, an及数词连用，常作单数看待。例： water Theres some water in the bottle. food My favorite food is noodles.不可数名词如表数量，常和a bottle of, a glass of等名词词组连用。如表示复数，只把量词改为复数。例：a bottle of pop一瓶汽水 , two glasses of orange juice 两杯桔子汁，three cups of tea 三杯茶 ， a piece of paper一张纸有些物质名词有时可数，有时不可数，要根据上下文决定，其意义也有所不同。A glass is made of glass.玻璃杯是玻璃制成的。（玻璃杯可数，玻璃不可数。）四特殊名词的讲解：people 作“人们，人民”解时，只有复数形式，谓语动词作复数。作“民族”解时，单复数不同，复数要在词尾加s。There are five _in my family. 我家有五口人。 There are fifty-six_ in our country.我们国家有56个民族。clothes，属于无单数形式的复数名词，谓语作复数。例：My favorite clothes _ pants. pants , shoes , glasses ,shorts等名词，由两部分构成，常以复数形式出现，谓语动词要用复数。要表示单数常用a pair of表示，此时如作主语，谓语要作单数看待。例：Your pants_ blue. This pair of pants_ mine. 集体名词看作整体时，谓语用单数; 指成员时，谓语用复数。 His family _ a large family. His family _(喜欢)animals.指整体 指成员有的名词单复数意思不同：例：hair 和fruit 通常作单数，表示总体。My hair is black. 我的头发是黑色的。I like fruit .Its good for you.我喜欢水果,水果对你的身体有好处。但如果表示若干根头发或各种水果，则需用复数形式. Danny has three hairs.丹尼有三根头发。She likes pears, peaches and other fruits. 他喜欢梨，桃和其它水果。实战演练：1.妻子（wife）持刀（knife）去宰狼（wolf），小偷（thief）下得发了慌，躲到架（shelf）后保己（self）命，半（half）片树叶（leaf）遮目光。写出括号里的复数：_2. 中国人（Chinese）和日本人（Japanese）骑着羊（sheep）和鹿（deer）去吃水煮鱼（fish）。写出括号里的复数：_3.用所给单词的适当形式填空。1. There are some_(rice) in the bag.2. There are two new_(shelf) in my study.3. Some _(man doctor) are over there.4. There _(box) are heavy. We cant carry them.5. There are lots of_(tomato) in the basket on the table.6. Whose_(photo) are these?7. The cat caught two_(mouse) last night.8. How many _(foot) does a bee have?9. Jack went to have two_(tooth) pulled out yesterday afternoon.10. I have two_(knife).4句型转换，每空一词。1.These are not old cars.(改为单数句)_ _ _old car.2.Some apple are in the baskets.(改为单数句)_ _ _in the basket.3.That is a box of potatos.(改为复数句)_ _ _of photoes.4.She has a sheep.(改为复数句)_ _ some_.5.Id like two bottles of juice.(对画线部分提问)_ _juice would you like?5. 写出下列单词的复数形式：fish-_ boy-_ watch-_ knife-_ leaf-_ wife-_ baby-_ family-_ man-_ woman-_ child-_ tooth-_ goose-_ mouse-_ sheep-_ Chinese-_ peach-_ picture-_ tomato-_ foot-_Part II Unit7 Reading一、重点短语1.对感兴趣_ 2.收集邮票_3.稍等片刻 _ 4.去年的卡片_5试穿，试试看_ 6.与不同_ 7.一双，一副_ 8.集邮 _8. 看一看_ = _二、知识点归纳1.hate用作动词，意为“_”，其反义词是动词love.常用搭配有hate sb./sth., “讨厌、憎恨某人或某物”；hate doing sth.指习惯上“讨厌做某事”；hate to do sth.,指“讨厌”某一次具体的行为。如：Some girls hate_(swim) in spring.He hates _(swim)om such a rainy day. 2.sure用作形容词，意为“_”，通常用作表语。常用搭配:be sure of, be sure about sth. Be sure doing sth. 意思都是“确信；对有把握”sure 在口头语交际中，与OK , Certainly, All right等意义相同，都用来对前句作肯定回答。如：-I cant find my seat. Could you show me? -Sure. 3.maybe是_词，意为“_”，通常放在句子的开头，在句中作状语。如：_ they wont come here tonight.他们大概今晚不会来这儿。 May加动词原形be在句中作谓语，意为“可能是，大概是”，后接形容词、介词短语或名词作表语。如：_.=_ 她可能在家。4. Youre welcome.意为“_”，通常用来回答对方的感谢。_ 和_也都可以表示“别客气，不用谢”之意。5 Can I help you? 同义句_(广泛应用于商店、饭店、旅馆、邮局、办事处等场所，作为对顾客的招呼语。)6. minute, “_”，是时间单位，其他的时间单位还有_(秒)，_(一刻钟)，_(小时)等。固定搭配表示 “稍等片刻”_或_用于交际场合。7. How much does sth. cost?(=How much money does sth. cost?)常用于询问价格，与“_.?”意义相同，可以相互转换。如: 这个黄色的钱包乡少钱?How much does the yellow wallet cost? =_=_.cost 意为值多少钱，需付费)，主语是物或某种活动，可以表示值多少钱，也可以表示需要多少时间或精力。常用结构:“sth. costs (sb.)+金钱/时间或精力，表示某事物花了某人多少钱/时间/精力。如:买一台新电脑要花许多钱。_这工作需要花费你两个小时。_辨异 cost _ spend _take _ pay _e.g. I _ spent two hours on his maths problem. A new computer _me a lot of money. I have to _them 600 yuan for this room each month. It _them three years to build this road.8.each属限定词，可与单数名词连用，表示“每个”。与every比较，every强调整体概括,each则表示个别概念。each可以指两个或两个以上的人或事物，every却不能指两个，只能指三个以上的数量。如有其他限定词同时修饰中心词，each可作代词，用each of的形式，而every则只能作限定词，不能与of连用。如: _ of my parents gave me presents for Christmas. Nearly everybody joins the match each year.9. match用作及物动词表示“_”，常用句型为A matches B，表示_ match用作不及物动词，常用句型为A and B match，表示“_”。match与动词短语_可以相互转换。如:这件外衣和这件裙子很配_= _= _10. .enough作形容词，意为“_”，可以作定语或表语。“常与 for +不定式连用，构成enough for sb. to do sth. 句式。作定语置于被修饰的名词_，前置时强调enough,后置时强调被修饰词。如：一个苹果就够我吃的了。_我们有足够的时间打篮球。_ .enough作副词的意思是充分，足够，置于被修饰的形容词或副词_，常与不定式连用，在句子中作状语，表示程度。如：The child is _to go to school.这孩子到了上学的年龄了。11. 在肯定的陈述句中，here可提前置于句首，主语若为名词，应用倒装结构;_主语若为人称代词，则主谓要用正常语序。这种提前主要是为了强调例：这是你的足球卡片_他在这儿_公共汽车来了。 _.实战演练：一、单项选择。( ) 1. How much_ these books_? A. do; spendB. do; cost C. are; spendD. are; cost( )2. _ you free today? I want you_ shopping with me. OK! Lets go. A. Are; going B.Are; to go C.Do; going D.Do; to go( )3. Can you help me _a present _my friend Amy? A. buying ; forB. buy; forC.to buy ;withD.to buy; to( )4. Its easy for my grandfather a model plane.A. makingB. to makeC. makeD. makes( )5. This dress is . Can I ? A. enough cheap; try on it B. cheap enough; try on it C. enough cheap; try it on D.cheap enough; try it on( )6. This pair of shoes_120 yuan. A. amBisCareDbe( )7This wallet is too expensive. Can I see one? A. anotherB. otherC. the otherD. each( )8Dad, my trousers are old. I want to buy a new . A. trousersB. oneC. itD. pair( )9. Helen needs candles for her birthday.A. more someB. some more C. one D. any( )10. You can of books in the library. A. look different kindB. look different kindsC. read different kind D. read different kinds( )11. My cousin usually all day in watching TV at home on Sunday. A. costB. costsC. spendD. spends二、词汇A. 根据句意、首字母或中文提示完成单词；1. This kind of hair clips_（与相配）her red skirt.2There is a_（饭店）near my house.3. Just a_（分钟）,I have something to tell you.4. Daniel is i_ in playing computer games.5. My trousers are too expensive, but my coat is very c_.B用所给单词的适当形式填空。1. - Lucy, is this wallet_ (you)? No, Its Toms.2. This_ (year) football cards cost 5 yuan each.3. Amy wants_ (buy) hair clips for Sandy.4. The children can_ (learn) a lot from books.5. All the restaurants are on the_ (two) floor.C用方框中所给动词的适当形式填空。study help play swim