编B6U1Grammar史宪彬.doc

湖北襄阳第二十四中学高二年级英语学科导学案 使用时间：2012.12. 设计者：史宪彬 课时设计： 3课时 学科负责人：曾秀群 小组： 学生姓名： 完成评价：学习目标：1、熟练掌握虚拟语气在条件从句及其它从句中的应用规则，并能正确使用。2、明确虚拟语气在高考中的地位，在练习中巩固知识，掌握做题技巧。3、激情投入，合作探究，积极展示，享受英语学习带来的乐趣。 （1课时） 【学法指导】：1.再次认真研读课文P ，根据自己对虚拟语气的理解，用蓝笔划出含虚拟语气的句子。2.将自己不敢肯定是否含有虚拟语气的句子用红笔划出，并标明疑惑之处，待课上解决。3.认真钻研导学案，掌握虚拟语气的用法，再重新思考自己划出的疑惑之处。1课时当堂完成，规范书写，利用双色笔做好笔记。组长做好督促及检查，并进行统计评价。虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。原文再现 If the rules of perspective had not been discovered, no one would have been able to paint such realistic pictures. （P2 Line26）如果当时没有发现透视画法，那么就没有人会画出如此逼真的画。原句分析：事实上，透视画法已经被发现了，而且已经有人能够画出如此逼真的画。 “发现透视画法”以及“有人画出”这两件事情已经过去了，即该句是和过去事实相反的虚拟语气。从句：If the rules of perspective had not been discovered结构：If + 主语 + had done 主句：no one would have been able to paint such realistic pictures. 结构：主语 + would have done 经典例句 If you had listened to the doctor，you would have been all right.如果你听了医生的话，你就会好起来的。例句分析：事实上，没有听医生的话，身体也没有好起来。 “没有听医生的话”以及“没有好起来”已经发生了，即该句也是和过去事实相反的虚拟语气从句：If you had listened to the doctor 结构：If +主语+ had + done 主句：you would have been all right 结构：主语+ would + have done归纳总结 当虚拟语气表示与过去事实相反时，从句： If +主语+ had + done 主句 主语+ would + have done 参考这些结构规律，你还能从文中找出另外2处虚拟语气的句子吗？大胆的写下来吧。Line ： Line ： （1课时）【学法指导】：1.认真研读方框中虚拟语气与三种时态事实相反时的用法及动词形式，做好笔记。2.仔细观察每一个例句以及括号内的提示，理解并掌握虚拟语气中动词的用法。3.即学即用，大胆尝试“练练手”的相应题目。可参考其它资料，适当拓展补充。1、表示与现在事实相反的情况：从句：If主语+过去时(Be动词用were) 主句：主语+should/would/could/might+doeg：1If I were you,I would take an umbrella. 如果我是你，我会带把伞。 （事实：我不可能是你）2If there were no air or water,there would be no living things on the earth. 如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。(事实：地球上既有空气也有水) 3If he studied harder,he might pass the exam. 如果他再努力些，就能通过考试了。 （事实：没有努力）练练手：（ ）If there were no electricity, human life _ quite different today. A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be 2、表示与过去事实相反的情况 从句：If主语+had+done 主句：主语+should/would/could/might+have doneeg：1. If I had got there earlier,I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。 （事实：去晚了）2 .If he had taken my advice,he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。（事实：没有听我的话）练练手：（ ）I would have gone to the meeting if I time.A. had had B. have had C. had D. would have had3、表示对将来情况的主观推测主句：主语+should/would/could/might+do从句：if+主语+were to doif+主语+should/would/could/might+doif+主语+did（动词过去式）/were 我展示 我精彩 我快乐 我成功4eg：1If he should come here tomorrow,I would talk to him.如果他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。 （事实：来的可能性很小） 2If there were a heavy snow next Sunday,we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。（事实：下雪可能性很小 练练手：（ ）If it_ tomorrow, I wouldnt attend the party. A. rain B. rains C. had rained D. were to rain4、有时，虚拟条件句中的主句和从句的动作发生的时间不一致，这时主句和从句的谓语形式应按照各自动作发生的实际时间来表达。这种条件句叫 错综条件句。eg：If I had worked hard at school,I would be an engineer,too.如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会成为一个工程师了（从句过去，主句现在） If he were free today,we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了。 （从句现在，主句过去）练练手：（ ） If you had followed my advice, you able to finish the work now. A. would be B. would have beenC. haddoneD. was going to ( ) If he had not gone out in the storm, .A. he will be alive now. B. he would be alive now.C .he would have been alive now. D. he would have lived now5、当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were,should,had时，if可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即把were,should,had等词置于句首，这种多用于书面语。eg：If I were you, I would try it again. Were I you, I would try it again. If he had been there yesterday, he would have seen the film.Had he been there yesterday, he would have seen the film. If it should snow tomorrow, we wouldnt go out.Should it snow tomorrow, we wouldnt go out. 练练手： the doctor，you would have been all right.如果你听了医生的话，你就会好起来的。 （listen 倒装）6、非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，只暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句，在多数情况下，条件会暗含在短语中，如without，but for等eg：But for his help,we would be working now.要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。Without your instruction,I would not have made such great progress.要是没有你的指导，我不会取得如此大的进步。We didnt know his telephone number,otherwise we would have telephoned him.我们不知道他的电话号码，否则我们就会给他打电话。练练手： (2009, 福建) But for the help of my English teacher, I _(不会赢得）) the first prize in the English Writing Competition. (win)（完成句子专练） 1. (2010, 湖北)Its said that they have swum to the island from the continent, but they _because the ocean in between is too wide. 据说他们已经从这个岛游到了陆地，但是他们不可能做到，因为岛陆之间的海洋太宽了。 (do)2. (2010, 北京)-The weather has been very hot and dry-Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables 是的，哪怕下一点雨的话，现在事情会好很多。而且，我的蔬菜也不会死掉的。 (die)3. (2010, 天津)-John went to the hospital alone. - If he _, I would have gone with him. 如果他告诉了我这件事情，我会陪他一起去的。 (tell)4. (2010, 湖南) If he _, he wouldnt have lost his job. 如果他采取了我的建议，他就不会失去这份工作了。 (follow)5. (2010, 浙江)Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy 如果我了解这台电脑的程序，就会省去大量的时间和精力。 (save)6. (2010, 安徽) Bob would have helped us yesterday, but he . 波比昨天本来会帮我们的，但是他太忙了。 (busy)7. (2009, 天津)This printer is of good quality. If it _within the first year, we would repair it at our expense. 这台打字机质量好，万一在一年之内坏了，我们会免费为您维修。 (break)8. (2009, 福建) But for the help of my English teacher, I the prize in the English Writing Competition. 如果没有我的英语老师的帮助，我就不会在英语写作大赛中获奖。 (win)9. (2009, 安徽)But for their help, we _ the program in time. 如果没有他们的帮助，我们不可能及时地完成任务。 (finish)10. (2009, 江苏) He didnt regret saying what he did, but felt that he _ it differently. 他并不后悔他说的话，但是他觉得本可以用另一种方式表达的。 (express)11. Thank Goodness for poetry, without which so wonderful a childhood. 感谢诗词歌赋，没有它们，我不会度过如此精彩的童年。 (spend)12. If _, we would have lost all our tropical forest. 如果没有采取措施