5B英语易混语法知识总结.doc

5B英语易混语法知识总结1. Can you ?回答Yes, I can. /No, I cant. 2. Do you?回答 Yes, I do,/ No, I dont. 3. How many(名词复数)are there?回答 There are 4. Whats in/on/near/under? 回答Theres/There are 5. Whats that on/in?回答 Its a/an 6. Does he/she?回答 Yes, he/she does./No, he/she doesnt. 7. Is there ?回答 Yes, there is./No, there isnt. 8. Are there any?回答 Yes, there are,/No, there arent. 9. What do you like? 回答I like(可数名词复数形式) 10. What do you like doing?回答 I like doing(现在分词) 11. Whoseis this?(这是谁的。)回答Itss.(是某个人的) 12. Whoseare they?(他们是谁的？)回答Theyres.(他们是某个人的) 13. There be句型就是 There is 和There are的就近原则 例如：There is a desk and some chairs./There are some chairs and a desk. 14. some(一些) 用于肯定句，any （一些，任何的）用于否定句和疑问句 例如：There are some books on the desk. There arent any books on the desk. Are there any books on the desk. 15. 在某年，某月用in，在某天，星期几用on, 在某个时间点用at 例如：in 2013, on Sunday, at 6:00 16. There isnt any juice.= There is no juice. There arent any chairs.= There are no chairs. 17. 树上长的东西在树上用on,例如：The apples are on the tree. 外面的事物掉到树上的用in,例如：Liu Tao is in the tree. The kite is in the tree. 18. can +do(动词原形) like+ doing(动名词) want +to do (动词不定式) Lets +do, be happy +to do, would like +to do, Id like =I would like +to do 19.The shoes are near the door. This pair of shoes is near the door. The pair of shoes is near the door. The pairs of shoes are near the door. 20.名词分为可数名词和不可数名词，可数名词分为单数和复数，单数用is,复数用are，不可数名词看作一个整体即单数，用is, I永远用am, you永远用are 例如： I am a boy. You are Nancy. He is Liu Tao. The water is in the glass. The apples are in the basket. 21. different + 名词复数 如：different countriesSame 前加the , 后面一般跟单数，如： the same hobby22. 序数词前一定加the ,如：the first day23. 形容词加名词（形名） 如： a beautiful girl 动词加副词（动副） 如： dance beautifully24. 乐器前加the, 球类前不加the, (play the 乐器，play 球类)如：play the piano, play football25.Who 当作特殊的第三人称单数 Who teaches us English?谁教我们英语？一、英语名词单数变复数的规则： 1.绝大多数的可数名词的复数形式，是在该词末尾加上-s。 例：friend friends; cat cats; book books 2.凡是以s, x, o, ch, sh结尾的词，在该词末尾加上-es构成复数。 例：bus buses; box boxes; watch watches; flash flashes photo变成photos, zoo变成zoos, 因为他们是缩略词，它们的原形不是O结尾 3.以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，将y改变为i，再加-es。 例：library libraries; family families; story stories 4.以-f或-fe结尾的名词，多为将-f或-fe改变为-ves，但有例外。 例：knife knives; life lives; leaf leaves; scarf scarves;反例：roof roofs 二、一般现在时动词第三人称变化规则与名词复数变化规则基本相同 在一般现在时中，当主语为第三人称单数时，动词要用“s”型（即第三人称单数形式）。所谓动词“s”型的构成，可按名词变复数的规则来记，即： 1. 在动词尾直接加 s。如： playplays， wantwants， workworks， knowknows， helphelps，getgets 2. 以字母s, x, ch, sh或o结尾的动词加-es；如： guessguesses， wash-washes， teachteaches， gogoes，dodoes，watchwatches，catchcatches 3. 以辅音字母y结尾的动词，先变y为i，再加-es。如： studystudies， flyflies，worryworries 三、现在进行时态：现在进行时态表示现在正在进行着某种事情，其构成形式是助动词“be+现在分词”。现在分词形式即动词+ing，be动词有三个：is, am, are,要根据主语人称进行选择其中一个使用。 动词的现在分词(动名词)变化规则 1一般动词在词尾加“-ing” , help-helping ，jump-jumping, walk- walking 2以不发音e结尾的词，先去e，再加“-ing”例如：live-living, make-making have-having ,see后面直接加ing，因为它的e 发音 3. 以ie结尾的动词，先将ie变为y，再加ing。例如：lie-lying 4. 以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的词，要双写这个辅音字母，然后再加ing。 例如：begin-beginning run-running, swim-swimming 练习： 1. Do you like _ (swim)? No, I _. What do you _(like)? I like _ (cat). 2. Id like _ (draw) the dogs. They would like _(buy)things for a party. Would you like_(come) to my birthday party? 3. Dont forget _ (close) lunch. 4. What can your father _(do ) ?He can _ (skate).But I cant _ (skate) well. 5. I want to _(go) to the park on Sundays. 6. Let me show you how _(do) a puzzle. 7. They are happy _(see) each other. 8. Lets _(play) basketball in the playground. 9. Why dont you _(drink) some water? Why dont we _(make) a card? 10. Shall we _(watch) TV now? 11. Its time to _ (have) lunch. =Its time for lunch. 12. How many _(classroom) are there in the school? 13. Look, they are _(do) housework. Im _ (wash) clothes now. Listen, Na