2014年3月16日托福考试回忆与答案.doc

上海新航道学校 /2014年3月16日托福考试回忆与答案TOEFL NEWSLETTER2014.03.16ReadingPassage 1【主旨】动物群居的利和弊【内容】文章属于动物类话题，第一段引出主题，说群居会给动物带来好处，但是同时也会有一些代价。一方面，从群居之后的后代的数量角度出发，与群居相比，反而是独居动物的后代数量比较多。另一方面，群居之后，动物更加容易集体感染病。群居动物更容易觅食产卵，但是配偶也会因为竞争压力大而易于互相感染各种疾病。这里文章用了蜜蜂和燕子的例子。工蜂会用某些方式来清理蜂巢里的真菌来防止疾病的传染。群居动物也可以共同抵抗捕猎者。这里举了鱼的例子，有些与选择群居联合起来一起抵御catfish的进攻。但是与此同时，有些独居的鱼也可以独自应对捕食者，所以在漫长的进化过程中，他们就演化出一些可以自我防卫的特征。【相关词汇】hive n.蜂巢fungus n.真菌；菌类predator n.捕食者infect vt.感染；传染Passage 2【主旨】彗星【内容】第一段讲彗星的一些基本特征，是由一些冰，气体，metallic stone组成的，彗星有很长的轨道，有些轨道都在海王星之外了，这篇文章还配了彗星图片帮助考试生理解。文章描述彗星经过地球的时候还不是太显眼，但是当它经过太阳的时候，彗星的表面物质就会蒸发形成tail。一部分是蒸发气体，而另外一部分是金属分子。当远离太阳之后，气体就会condense，尾巴就会消失。所以彗星每次靠近太阳的时候都会有损失，但是彗星不会消失，因为当损失到只剩下core的时候，彗星也就不会再继续蒸发了。文章还对长周期彗星和短周期彗星进行了比较。讲长周期彗星很久都不会靠近太阳一次，但是他们却可以被其他经过的天体的重力影响，从而运行轨道发生改变，因此就有可能变成短周期的彗星。最后一段讲哈雷彗星，从240BEC开始被天文学家记录下三十多次了，后来才知道是同一颗星球。【相关词汇】metallic particle 金属粒子comet n.彗星orbit n.轨道solar system 太阳系condense vi.浓缩；凝结 core n.核心nucleolus n.核 coma n.彗形象差Passage 3【主旨】Agriculture in British America【内容】全文讲了新英格兰地区的农业变化情况。第一段：新英格兰的英国殖民者们，农业对他们很重要，他们砍伐森林，捕鱼，耕地。文章讲到中部的土壤更肥沃，粮食丰富，可以出口。但是土壤一般在使用几年后就会休耕7年。但是后来人口增多，土地不够用，人们就改为种2休2的模式，因此对土壤造成了破坏，所以人们只得转行或者离开。最后一段对比南部和北部，说北部的成熟周期长，一年一熟，而南方一年多熟，所以就可以为从事农业的人提供更多的岗位。【相关词汇】tactic n.策略；战略assorted adj.组合的；各种各样的indefinitely adv.不确定的；无限期的fertile n.肥沃；多产fallow n.休耕modest adj.适度的ListeningSection 1【主旨】钢琴演奏、作业问题【内容】前面说学生要独奏钢琴，教授问学生的表演感觉怎么样，学生说不错，但是之前排练的时候，因为表演换了另外一个表演厅，地方大了声效不一样了，还说表演的琴也不习惯。接下来问assignment的事情，教授想让学生在essay中写自己的创作过程。提到只剩下两周了学生能不能完成。希望学生不要因为钢琴演奏而耽误作业上交。学生表示很乐观，因为这次表演inspire她了。Section 2【主旨】气候与人类迁徙【内容】讲述古代人群如何根据天气变化在撒哈拉沙漠迁徙。开头引进话题说气候的起伏变化是怎么影响人类的，但是生活在赤道地区的气温不怎么变，人们又是怎么样的。举例生活在撒哈拉沙漠的人们。然后说雷达卫星发现了这些生活在撒哈拉沙漠的人们，然后讲气候对人类的影响分为三个阶段。1.沙漠里有水，人们在水的周围生活。2.水干了，所以人们为了食物去其他地方了。3.又有水了，然后人又在水附近生活。这次还发现了tools和painting，人们在这里创造了文明，和以往不同的是这次回来人们再没有离开，因为地表水干了以后他们会使用地下水了。但教授说这些地下水不renewable，最后这些人disappear了。Section 3【主旨】人体内的纳米汽车【内容】化学讲座说的是有一种人体内的纳米汽车，engine是靠化学反应用来前进，方向盘是靠磁力，但是有的研究需要不用磁力自己控制方向的纳米汽车。Section 4【主旨】学生注册教授的研讨课【内容】女生注册教授的讨论课，工作人员说课已经满了所以只能把她放到waiting list，已经有七个人在等了，Employee让学生填一个表，因为这个课经常要做一些seminar，所以人数得是固定的，但是很多学生不知道，结果导致时间冲突了。后面学生说还要选一个M教授的课，但employee说的时间和学生在选课表上看的不一样，所以学生说害她不能选这个课了employee说那些选课表都是很早以前制定，所以会有变更，他们现在都为下学期制定课程的时间了，然后employee说你要在网上看，网上的那个随时有更新。Section 5【主旨】食虫草【内容】讲一种食虫草（猪笼草），生长的土地比较贫瘠，就抓虫子补充营养，可以分泌东西吸引虫子，还会分泌一种蜡状物，所以表面就很滑，昆虫来了就会掉进去。雨天潮湿的时候它的表面就很光滑，可以多抓一些虫子，但是晴天的时候它的叶子可以hold water。Section 6【主旨】音乐史【内容】讲一场操纵电脑演奏的electronic music,开始讲一下仪器的用处是为了让音乐到达每一处，而后讨论这种演奏形式，学说里说着并不是真正的音乐会，女生说很震撼，还有即兴演出，学生男又说，这完全不是音乐会，就像是一群人在发邮件，老师不同意男生看法，而同意女生意见。为什么要看现场呢？又说道piano的演出和演奏者有很大的关系，但是这种新形式就是和演奏者关系小一些。SpeakingTask 1Talk about a friend thats special to you. explain why this person is special to you【Sample】When it comes to a special friend to me ,I would like to mention my friend James who is a knowledgeable and approachable student . To begin with he was a monitor in my university years .He often dresses casually in school .As I mentioned before, knowledgeable as he was and he has read tons of books ranging from Maths to literature computer science .whatever problems I was confronted with, I would come to him for resolving, as well as some of my computer teaching teachers and he could deal with the problems effortlessly. Whats more, we had the same interests when it comes to reading English novels .We both like W. William Shakespeares masterpiece. Romeo and Juliet “It is a comedy factors with the tragedy, Its full of humanism of the Renaissance romance. We both found it marvelous and attractive .Yet, James was a big fan of basketball .and basketball was his biggest passion in his life, I could learn to play basketball from his .So why I think hes special to me.Task 2Do you agree or disagree with the statement that peoples personality never changes? 【Sample】I disagree with the statement that peoples personality never changes .As far as Im concerned that my personality do have changed since I have grown up. When I was young and studied in Gaoyao Primary school, I tended to be fearful and timid whenever my teacher asked me questions to answer, and I kept others at a distance as my father told me that “Be careful with strangers around you”. As we get older we learn from our experiences life makes us stronger, wiser. Also, if you get into a loud classroom with numerous people, you are able to change your personality, to be a quiet person .Lastly; our personality is affected by our education. When I stayed in university, I used to be an introverted, when I began working, I became extroverted. Thats why I think ones personality will change.Task 3Reading【Proposal】The student suggests the university to cancel the food cart service.【Reasons】1. Too much garbage2. Junk foodListeningThe woman disagrees. 【Reasons】1. Its quite easy to clean up, the garbage is not a big deal.2. Hot dogs and juice offered by the food cart is what keeps her concentrated on the classes, she doesnt have to starve. Task 4【Definition】Animals move around with the help of other forces.【Examples】Spiders are born in a group, but later they have to move around for food due to competition, but since walking and jumping consume a lot of their energy, and they cant go far, they usually move around with the help of wind.Task 5【Problem】The man has to finish his poetry assignment and he wants to copy a poem from a book in the library, but the library is closed on Sundays.【Suggests】1. Choose another poem to copy.Pro：/Con: He doesnt find other poems amazing enough.2. Wait until Monday morning to go to the library.Pro: /Con: /Task 6Two strategies of making classroom rulesStrategy 1: Explaining purpose, for example, when the professor taught elementary school students, h