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电梯曳引机与控制系统设计【6张CAD图纸+毕业论文】【三菱PLC】【答辩优秀】

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关键词：: 电梯曳引机控制系统设计全套 cad 图纸毕业论文答辩优秀优良

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摘要

本次设计是以三菱FX2n为核心的电梯控制系统的硬件组成及软件设计，采用PLC来控制轿箱提升电机的起、停和正、反转。这里主要是对电梯曳引机的参数进行设计、计算、（包括电动机、减速器、轴、轴承、联轴器、制动器）以及工艺的编排和相关图形的绘制，另外对PLC控制系统的设计，主要是PLC控制电路图、程序流程图以及PLC编程。

其中对曳引机的设计重点是减速器的选择和箱体零件的设计和加工。减速器选择的是蜗杆减速器，轴承是调心滚子轴承，联轴器选择的是弹性柱销联轴器。PLC控制程序设计是考虑到电梯的上升和下降逻辑，以及楼层显示，运作时的加速和减速。

现在电梯都采用传统的继电器群的控制方法，由于所用的继电器较多，控制柜体积庞大，控制系统成本高，而且众多继电器的动作会产生较大的噪音，污染环境。采用PLC配合接口进行控制，可将传统的继电器控制逻辑变为计算机程序控制逻辑，去掉所有用于逻辑控制的中间继电器，使电梯系统的成本和噪音大大降低，控制柜的体积也可大大缩小。

关键词：PLC ;曳引机 ;电动机 ;减速器 ;联轴器 ;制动器

Abstract

This design is take FX2n as the core elevator control system hardware composition and the software design, uses the PLC integrated circuit to control the sedan box to promote the electrical machinery, to stop with, the reverse. Here mainly is carries on the design, the computation to the elevator tractor parameter, (including electric motor, reduction gear, axis, bearing, shaft coupling, brake) as well as the craft arrangement and the correlation graph plan, moreover to the PLC integrated circuit control system design, mainly is the PLC integrated circuit control circuit diagram, the program flow diagram as well as the PLC integrated circuit programming.

The most important of this design is changed huge parts of contents. The new version increases plenty of new technical contents and new calculation method.PLC integrated circuit control system design. Besides a few parts are changed according to the Chinse lift situations, this revised version is basically compliant

Now the elevator all uses the method of traditional the relay group control, because of many relay have been used, control the cabinet volume huge, the cost of control system is high, most of the multitudinous relay movement have the big noise, the pollution environment. Uses the PLC integrated circuit coordination connection to carry on the control, may become the traditional black-white control logic the computer program control logic, removes all uses in the logical control intermediate relay, causes the cost of the elevator system and the noise reduces greatly, controls the cabinet the volume also to be possible to reduce greatly.

Key words：PLC integrated circuit；Tractor;Electricmotor;Reduction gear;Shaft coupling;Brake

1绪论……………………………………………………………………………………………1

1.1电梯的起源…………………………………………………………………………………1

1.2电梯的种类…………………………………………………………………………………1

1.2.1按用途分类………………………………………………………………………………1

1.2.2按速度分类………………………………………………………………………………2

1.2.3按拖动电动机类型分类…………………………………………………………………2

1.2.4按驱动方式分类…………………………………………………………………………2

1.2.5按控制方式分类…………………………………………………………………………3

1.3电梯主要组成及结构……………………………………………………………………3

1.3.1曳引机构的组成…………………………………………………………………………4

1.3.2曳引机构的减速器………………………………………………………………………5

2有关参数的计算………………………………………………………………………………7

2.1曳引机的确定……………………………………………………………………………7

2.1.1选择曳引机………………………………………………………………………………8

2.1.2曳引机容量的计算………………………………………………………………………8

2.1.3曳引力计算………………………………………………………………………………8

2.2减速器设计…………………………………………………………………………………9

2.2.1常用减速器的型式及其应用……………………………………………………………9

2.2.2减速器的基本构造……………………………………………………………………10

2.2.3蜗杆减速器设计………………………………………………………………………12

2.3轴的设计与计算…………………………………………………………………………16

2.3.1轴的分类………………………………………………………………………………16

2.3.2轴的常用材料…………………………………………………………………………16

2.3.3轴的结构设计…………………………………………………………………………16

2.3.4轴的强度计算…………………………………………………………………………16

2.4轴承的设计与计算………………………………………………………………………20

2.5联轴器的设计与计算……………………………………………………………………22

2.5.1联轴器选择应考虑的问题 ………………… ………………………………………22

2.5.2联轴器的理论转矩……………………………………………………………………22

2.5.3主要尺寸计算…………………………………………………………………………23

2.6制动器的设计与计算……………………………………………………………………23

2.7工艺………………………………………………………………………………………24

2.7.1零件的分析……………………………………………………………………………24

2.7.2工艺规程设计…………………………………………………………………………26

3 PLC 电梯控制系统的设计………………………………………………………………29

3.1 PLC 系统概述…………………………………………………………………………29

3.1.1 PLC 的定义………………………………………………………………………29

　3.1.2 PLC 的特点…………………………………………………………………………30

　3.1.3PLC 与继电器控制系统的比较………………………………………………………32

　3.1.4 PLC 的基本结构………………………………………………………………………33

　3.1.5 PLC 的工作原理………………………………………………………………………35

3.2 PLC 控制系统的设计分析………………………………………………………………37

3.2.1 PLC 控制系统的设计基本原则………………………………………………………37

3.2.2PLC 控制系统的设计的主要内容……………………………………………………38

3.2.3.PLC 控制系统程序设计的步骤……………………………………………………39

3.3 电梯PLC控制系统的设计……………………………………………………………40

3.3.1电梯的运行过程…………………………………………………………………40

3.3.2选择 PLC…………………………………………………………………………41

3.3.3PLC 规模的估算……………………………………………………………………42

3.3.4PLC 输入输出模块的选择……………………………………………………………43

3.3.5PLC 的选择……………………………………………………………………………44

4结论……………………………………………………………………………………………46

5参考文献………………………………………………………………………………………47

6翻译……………………………………………………………………………………………48

6.1外文资料……………………………………………………………………………………48

6.2译文………………………………………………………………………………………54

7致谢…………………………………………………………………………………………59

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内容简介：: 徐州工程学院08届本科毕业论文6.翻译：6.1外文资料Plc Introduction Programmable controller is the first in the late 1960s in the United States, then called Plc programmable logic.controller .(ProgrammableLogicController) is used to replace relays. For the implementation of the logical judgement, timing, sequence number, and other control functions. The concept is presented Plc General Motors Corporation. Plc and the basic design is the computer functional improvements, flexible, generic and other advantages and relay control system simple and easy to operate, such as the advantages of cheap prices combined controller hardware is standard and overall. According to the practical application of target software in order to control the content of the user procedures memory controller, the controller and connecting the accused convenient target. In the mid-1970s, the Plc has been widely used as a central processing unit microprocessor, import export module and the external circuits are used, large-scale integrated circuits even when the Plc is no longer the only logical (IC) judgement functions also have data processing, PID conditioning and data communications functions. International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standards promulgated programmable controller for programmable controller draft made the following definition : programmable controller is a digital electronic computers operating system, specifically for applications in the industrial design environment. It used programmable memory, used to implement logic in their internal storage operations, sequence control, timing, counting and arithmetic operations, such as operating instructions, and through digital and analog input and output, the control of various types of machinery or production processes. Programmable controller and related peripherals, and industrial control systems easily linked to form a whole, to expand its functional design. Programmable controller for the user, is a non-contact equipment, the procedures can be changed to change production processes. The programmable controller has become a powerful tool for factory automation, widely popular replication. Programmable controller is user-oriented industries dedicated control computer, with many distinctive features.First, high reliability, anti-interference capability; Second programming visual, simple; Third, adaptability good; Fourth functional improvements, strong functional interface1. Subject content and application scopeThis national standard specifies the technical requirements and quality requirements for the lift traction machines with rated speed less than 25m/s. This national standard is applicable to traction machines designed for passenger lift, sickbed lift and freight lift. Its inapplicable to the traction machines designed for dumbwaiter lift and all kinds of lifts with rated speed not less than 2.5m/s. The other traction machines designed for all kinds of lifts with rated speed not less than 2.5m/s can make reference from this national standard for enforcement. 2. Normative referencesGB 3768 Determination of sound power levels of noise - Simple methodGB 7025 Major parameter of lift, version and dimension of car, shaft and machine roomGB 7588Safety Rules for the Construction and Installation of LiftsGB 10058Specifications for liftsGB 10085Basic parameters of single enveloping worm gearGB 10089Cylindrical worm, worm wheel accuracyGB 12974 General Technical Specifications for AC Lift MotorGB 11368 Cleanliness of gear assemblyGB 191Packaging - Pictorial markings for handling of goods3.TerminologyRated speed of traction machineIts the linear speed of the pitch diameter of traction wheel, corresponding to the rated speed of car. Rated load of traction machineWhen the traction ratio is 1:1 and the balance coefficient is 0.40, it means the rated load of the car in the tangential traction of the traction wheel.National Standard of the Peoples Republic of ChinaGBT 10058-1997Specifications for LiftsForewordThe national standard is the amendment to the original Specifications for Lifts GB 10058-88, main content of which are as the following: 1) In chapter “ whole performance”, the regulations of classification are canceled, which include acceleration and redarded speed of vertical vibration, acceleration and redarded speed of horizontal vibration, as well as indicators of noise and leveling accuracy.2) For improving operation efficiency of the lifts, the requirements to open time and close time of passenger lifts are added in the national standard.3) In chapter “reliability”, the regulation of classification of reliability indicator is canceled; examining requests to control cabinet which is considered as commodity component are added in the national standard.4) In Appendix A, specific regulations are made to technical documents kept in manufacturer after sale of lifts.The standard will replace GB 10058-88 since the effective date.Appendix A is a standard appendix.The standard is proposed by Ministry of Construction of the Peoples Republic of China.The standard is under the jurisdiction of China Lift Standardization Technical Committee.This standard is drafted by Institute of Construction Mechanization of China Academy of Building Research, Beijing Schindler Elevator Co., Ltd in China, Tianjin Otis Elevator Co., Ltd in China, and Guangzhou Elevator Industry Co., Ltd.The standard is mainly prepared by Kerong Peng, Guozhen Zhang, Xiaohui Xi and Xizhi Yang.The standard was firstly issued in 1988 and firstly revised in 1997. 1 ScopeThe standard formulates technical specifications of passenger lifts and freight lifts, inspection provisions, indication marks, package, transportation and storage.The standard is applicable to power-actuated traction-type or compulsory-type passenger lifts and freight lifts whose rated speed is not higher than 2.5m/s;The standard is inapplicable to hydraulic lifts and dumbwaiter lifts. 2Normative ReferencesThe articles included in the following standards become the articles of the national standard by quotation. The listed editions are efficient while the standard is published. All standards will be revised, so all parties who use the following standards should consider the latest edition as possible.GB 2828-87In-batch Check Counting Sampling Process and Sample Table(suitable for continuous batch)GB 7588-1995Safety Code for Manufacturing and Installation of Lifts (eqv EN 81-1: 1985)In this code, Chapter 1, Chapter 2, Chapter 3, Chapter 4, Section 7.2.1 (partial), Section 8.17.1, Section 9.1.2b), Section 9.9.6.2 (partial), Section 12.6 (partial), Section 13.1.1.3, Section 15.2.3.2 (partial), Section 16.2a)6) (partial), Appendix C, Appendix E, Appendix G, Appendix M and Appendix ZA are recommendatory; the rest are obligatory. This code is the revised version of GB 7588-1995 Safety Rules for the Construction and Installation of Lifts (equivalent to EN81-1: 1985) on the base of EN81-1: 1998 Safety Rules for the Construction and Installation of Lifts issued by European Committee for Standardization (CEN). This revised version is equivalent to EN81-1:1998 in the fields of technical contents and article numbering. Compared with EN81-1:1985, EN81-1:1998 changed huge parts of contents. The new version increases plenty of new technical contents and new calculation method. Besides a few parts are changed according to the Chinse lift situations, this revised version is basically compliant to the contents of EN81-1:1998. In the revised version, the following major technical contents are changed: 1. GB 7588-1995 version has a concise and definite application scope, so this revised version reserve the application scope of GB 7588-1995. For the purpose of presenting the definiteness, the revised version adds sickbed lift, deletes the application scope of EN81 1:1998. 2. This revised version makes the following changes from the quoted terms and conditions of EN81-1:1998. (1) If the international standards or overseas advanced standards listed in Quoted Codes of EN81-1:1998 have already equivalently adopted as Chinese national standards (GB) or industry standard, then this quoted terms and conditions are directly named as the corresponding Chinese code number. (2) The code name that is not included in the Quoted Codes and make no mention in EN81-1:1998 has some content involved in the Chinese code, so it is also listed in the Quoted Codes of this code. For instance, in Clause :16.2a)6), the original text use CENELEC symbols is listed in Chinese national standard GB/T 4728, Graphical Symbols for Electrical Diagrams. And Clause 9.1.2c) is listed in the Chinese national standard GB 8903, Wire Ropes for Lifts. (3) The foreign code name listed in EN81-1:1998 but not inverted into Chinese national standards, we directly refer the foreign code name. For instance, ENl2015 Electromagnetic Compatibility - Product Family Standard for Lifts, Escalators and Passenger Conveyors - Emission, EN12016 Electromagnetic Compatibility - Product Family Standard for Lifts, Escalators and Passenger Conveyors Immunity. 3. In order to coordinate with other Chinese lift standards, the nomenclatures that are the same as those listed in the Terminology of Lifts, Escalators and Moving Walks of EN81-1:1998 and GB/T 7024 are not included any more, and only exclusive nomenclatures are reserved. In addition, overhaul trapdoor and shaft emergency door are added. 4. According to the national situation of China, partial contents of EN81-1:1998 have been amended or adjusted. (1) Added: for instance, Clause 5.1.2 adds excluding sightseeing lifts; and Clause 7.1 and Clause 8.6.3 add this interstice shall not be greater than 8mm for freight lifts; Clause 5.6.1 adds in exceptional cases, in order to meet the position requirement to install lift parts in the foundation pit, the interstice shall be as small as possible. (2) Deleted: for instance, Clause 9.8.2.1 deletes instant-type safety tong with buffer function and other relevant contents; Clause 10.3.4 deletes energy-storage buffer with buffering restoration and other relevant contents. (3) Adjusted contents: Clause 8.2.1 and 8.2.2 adjusts the available car area; Clause 9.8.2.1 adjusts the velocity interval of instant-type and inching-type safety tong; D2j) of Appendix D adjusts rated speed into overhaul speed; F5.3.1 adjusts the testing contents of energy-storage buffer with buffering function into the testing method of linear energy-storage buffer. The safety criterions stated in this code and all the requirements of the appendices offer a uniform technical base and safety requirements for constructing, installing and examining the passenger lifts and freight lifts. Pre-delivery inspection, periodic inspection as well as momentous retrofit or post-accident inspection shall not exceed the scope of this code. Appendix A, B, C, D, F, H, J, K, L and N are standard appendixes; Appendix C, E, G, M, ZA are suggestive appendices. This code takes effects from January 1, 2004 and substitute GB 7588-1995 in the meanwhile. From the execution date, the transition period of this code is 1 year; upon expiration of transition, GB 7588-1995 is to repeal.This code is brought forwards by China Machinery Industry Federation. This code is governed by China Elevator Standardization Technical Committee. This code is drafted by the Institute of Building Mechanization of China Academy of Building Research. Drafting organization members: China Schindler Elevators Co., Ltd., Tianjin OTIS Elevators Co., Ltd., Shanghai Mitsubishi Elevators Co., Ltd., Guangzhou Hitachi Elevators Co., Ltd., Suzhou Schindler Elevators Co., Ltd., Shenyang Toshiba Elevators Co., Ltd., Hangzhou Xizi OTIS Elevators Co., Ltd., Kone Elevators Co., Ltd., Guangzhou Guangri Elevator Industry Co., Ltd., ThyssenKrupp Elevator Co., Ltd., Shanghai Toshiba Elevator Co., Ltd., Shanghai Yungtay Engineering Co., Ltd. , Guangzhou OTIS Elevators Co., Ltd., Huasheng Fujitec Elevator Co., Ltd., Suzhou Suzhou Jiangnan Elevator (Group) Co., Ltd. Main drafters: Gu Xi, Kong Hong, Zhang Guangjian, Wan Zhongpei, Ye Danyang, Zhu Jian, Xu Wengang, Jin Laisheng, Ma Lingyun, Huang Qijun, Yang Xizhi, Yan Jianzhong, Wang Weifeng, Lin Manqing, Chen Luya6.2译文PLC简介可编程控制器是60年代末在美国首先出现的，当时叫可编程逻辑控制器PLC（ProgrammableLogicController），目的是用来取代继电器。以执行逻辑判断、计时、计数等顺序控制功能。提出PLC概念的是美国通用汽车公司。PLC的基本设计思想是把计算机功能完善、灵活、通用等优点和继电器控制系统的简单易懂、操作方便、价格便宜等优点结合起来，控制器的硬件是标准的、通用的。根据实际应用对象，将控制内容编成软件写入控制器的用户程序存储器内,使控制器和被控对象连接方便。 70年代中期以后，PLC已广泛地使用微处理器作为中央处理器，输入输出模块和外围电路也都采用了中、大规模甚至超大规模的集成电路，这时的PLC已不再是仅有逻辑(Logic)判断功能，还同时具有数据处理、PID调节和数据通信功能。国际电工委员会(IEC)颁布的可编程控制器标准草案中对可编程控制器作了如下的定义：可编程控制器是一种数字运算操作的电子系统，专为在工业环境下应用而设计。它采用了可编程序的存储器，用来在其内部存储执行逻辑运算，顺序控制、定时、计数和算术运算等操作的指令，并通过数字式和模拟式的输入和输出，控制各种类型的机械或生产过程。可编程控制器及其有关外围设备，易于与工业控制系统联成一个整体，易于扩充其功能的设计。可编程控制器对用户来说，是一种无触点设备，改变程序即可改变生产工艺。目前，可编程控制器已成为工厂自动化的强有力工具，得到了广泛的普及推广应用。可编程控制器是面向用户的专用工业控制计算机，具有许多明显的特点。可靠性高，抗干扰能力强；编程直观、简单；适应性好；功能完善，接口功能强。 1 主题内容与适用范围本标准规定了额定速度小于25 m/s的电梯曳引机技术要求和质量要求。本标准适用于乘客电梯、病床电梯、载货电梯用曳引机。不适用于杂物电梯和额定速度不小于2. 5 m/s的各类电梯用的曳引机。额定速度小于2. 5 m/s的各类电梯用的其他曳引机可参照执行。2 引用标准GB 3768 噪声源声功率的测定简易法GB 7025 电梯主参数及轿厢、井道、机房的型式与尺寸GB 7588 电梯制造与安装安全规范GB 10058 电梯技术条件GB 10085 圆柱蜗杆传动基本参数GB 10089 圆柱蜗杆、蜗轮精度GB 12974 交流电梯电动机通用技术条件GB 11368 齿轮传动装置清洁度GB 191 包装储运图示标志3 术语曳引机额定速度 rated speed of traction machine对应于轿厢额定速度的曳引轮节径上的线速度。曳引机额定载重量 rated load of traction machine当曳引比为1:1、平衡系数为0.40时，曳引轮切向曳引的轿厢额定载重量。电梯技术条件GBT 10058-1997国家技术监督局1997-12-26批准 1998-10-01实施1 范围本标准规定了乘客电梯及载货电梯的技术要求、检验规则、标志、包装、运输与贮存等。本标准适用于额定速度不大于25ms的电力驱动的曳引式或强制式的乘客电梯和载货电梯。本标准不适用于液压电梯和杂物电梯。2 引用标准下列标准所包含的条文，通过在本标准中引用而构成为本标准的条文。本标准出版时，所示版本均为有效。所有标准都会被修订，使用本标准的各方应探讨使用下列标准最新版本的可能性。 GB 282887 逐批检查计数抽样程序及抽样表(适用于连续批的检查) GB 75881995 电梯制造与安装安全规范 (eqv EN 811：1985) GB 890388 电梯用钢丝绳 (eqv ISO 4344：1983) GBT 100591997 电梯试验方法 GB 1006093 电梯安装验收规范 GBT 1343592 电梯曳引机 JGT 50721一1996 电梯T型导轨 (eqv ISO 7465：1983)3 技术要求31 基本要求311 电梯及其所有零部件应设计正确、结构合理、遵守机械、电气及建筑方面的通用技术要求。312 制造电梯的材料应具有足够的强度和合适的性能。313 电梯整机和零部件应具有良好的维修和保养，处于正常的工作状态。314 需要润滑的零部件应装有符合要求的润滑装置；32 电梯工作条件 a)海拔高度不超过1 000m； b)机房内的空气温度应保持在540之间； c)运行地点的最湿月月平均最高相对湿度为90，同时该月月平均最低温度不高于25； d)供电电压相对于额定电压的波动应在土7的范围内； e)环境空气中不应含有腐蚀性和易燃性气体及导电尘埃存在。33 整机性能331 当电源为额定频率和额定电压、电梯轿厢在50额定载重量时，向下运行至行程中段(除去加速和减速段)时的速度，不得大于额定速度的105，且不得小于额定速度的92。332 乘客电梯起动加速度和制动减速度最大值均不应大于15ms2。333 当乘客电梯额定速度(v)为10msv20ms时，其平均加、减速度不应小于048ms2；当乘客电梯额定速度为20msv25ms时，其平均加、减速度不应小于065ms2。334 乘客电梯的中分自动门和旁开自动门的开关门时间不应超过表1的规定。本标准的第1、2、3、4章以及7.2.1(部分内容)、8.17.1、9.1.2b)、9.9.6.2(部分内容)、12.6(部分内容)、13.1.1.3、15.2.3.2(部分内容)，16.2a)6)(部分内容)、附录C、附录E、附录G、附录M及附录ZA为推荐性的，其余为强制性的。本标准是根据欧洲标准化委员会(CEN)的标准EN811电梯制造与安装安全规范1998年版，对GB 75881995电梯制造与安装安全规范(等效采用EN811:1985)进行修订的。经本次修订后的GB 75882003在技术内容上与EN811:1998等效，条文编号与之一致。欧洲标准EN811:1998与EN811:1985相比，内容有较大变动。增加了许多新的技

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