山东省德州市德城区二屯镇中学中考英语 语法复习 主谓一致(1).doc

主谓一致考点一，语法一致原则 主语和谓语通常是从语法形式上取得一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词也用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。（1） 由and或bothand连接两个或三个名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。eg: tom and mike are good friends.汤姆和迈克是好朋友。（2） 不定代词either,neither,each,one,the other,another,anybody,anyone,anything,someone,somebody,something,everyone,everybody,everything,nobody,no one,nothing等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。eg: is there anything wrong with your bike?你的自行车有什么毛病吗？（3） 由each,eachand, everyand, every 作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。eg: each boy and each girl was given a new book.每个男孩和女孩都受到了一本书。（4） 主语后接with, along with, togetherwith, as well as, less than, more than, including, besides, like, except, but等，谓语动词的数由主语的单复数形式决定。eg: no one but i is mistaken.除了我没人搞错。（5） “a number of + 名词复数”做主语，谓语动词用复数形式；“the number of + 名词复数”做主语，谓语动词用单数形式。eg: a number of students are planning trees.许多学生在植树。the number of trees is 200.树的数量为200棵 。（6） a lot of ( lots of, plenty of, a pile of, piles of, most of ) + 名词，分数或百分数+名词等做主语时，谓语动词取决于名词，如果是不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数形式；如果是可数名词复数，则谓语动词用复数形式。eg: lots of people have been there.很多人去过那儿。（7） 由“a pair (a kind, a series, ) + of + 复数名词”做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；“pairs(kinds,)+ of + 复数名词”做主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。eg: a pair of sunglasses is lying on the table.一副太阳镜正放在桌子上。（8） 某些只有复数形式的名词（如clothes, trousers, shots, pants, shoes, gloves, ）做主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。eg: my shoes are worn out.我的鞋子穿破了。（9） 不定式或动词的-ing 形式做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。eg: reading is learning.读书就是学习。典型例题：1.-both li lei and han meimei _ food of the tv program a bite of china. -i am also deeply moved by its stories.a. is b. am c. was d. are 2.everyone expect tom and mike _kumming before.a. has gone to b. have gone to c. has been to d. have been to3.summer holiday is coming.li lei with his father _ to go to shanghai. a. want b. will want c. wants考点二 意义一致原则 意义一致原则又叫概念一致，即谓语是单数还是复数要看主语所表达的概念。（1） 由and 连接的两个名词做主语，如果是指同一概念（and后面无冠词）时，谓语动词用单数形式。eg: the teacher and writer is coming to give us a talk next week.那位老师讲兼作家下周要给我们做报告。（2） 表示度量、价格、时间、长度的复数名词、词组作主语时一般被看做一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。eg: three years is a long time. 三年是一段很长的时间。（3） 集体名词（如family, team, crow, company, class, group, government 等）如果表示整体概念，其谓语动词需用单数形式，如果强调集中的成员，其谓语动词需用复数形式。eg: my family is a small one with three people.我家是一个只有三个人的小家庭。my family all like classical music.我全家都喜欢古典音乐。（4） people, police, cattle 等集合名词做主语时，其谓语动词需用复数形式。eg: the police are helping a girl find her mother.警察正在帮助一个小女孩找妈妈。（5） 算式中加法和乘法可用单数也可用复数，但减法和除法必须用单数。eg: what are（is）three times three?三乘以三是多少？（6） one and a half的后面接复数名词，作主语时谓语动词要用单数形式。eg: one and a half cakes ia a good meal for the monkey.一个班蛋糕对猴子来说是一顿美餐。典型例题：1.how time flies! several years_since we started our middle school life. we will keep the pleasant experience in our minds.a. have pass b. has passed c. will pass2.her family _(be) interested in football.考点三：就近一致原则有时谓语动词的形式与主语并不一致，却与它邻近的名词一致，这种原则叫做临近原则或就近原则，就近原则多用在不甚严肃的文体中。（1） 由eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also,not but, 或 or连接两个并列主语时，其谓语动词需与较近的主语保持一致。eg；not only my parents but also i am looking forward to meeting my uncle.不但我父母而且我都盼望看到我叔叔。（2） there be和here be这两个句式中的动词be 常与最近的主语在数上保持一致。eg: there is a table with three legs in toms room.在汤姆的房间有一张三条腿的桌子。典型例题：1. -mum, im hungry._no milk in the fridge.-oh,ill go and buy some at once.a. there is b. it is c. there are2. not only jim but also his parents_ a few interesting places since they came to china.a. will visit b. has visited c. have visited d. visited语法针对性训练1. tony with his parents often_to the movies at weekends.a. go b. goes c. has gone d. have gone2. there _some flowers on the teachers desk just now,but now there _ nothing on it.a. have, has b. were, was c. were, is d.has, has 3.-which would you prefer, orange juice or coffee？-either _ok,but i prefer coffee _milk.a. are, with b. is ,with c. are ,to d. is, to 4.-how much _ the pair of shoes? -twenty dollars _ enough.a. is, is b. is, are c. are, is d. are, are 5.the sports news_about mens table tennis single today.a. is b. are c. be d. has6.listen! someone _ outside.a. sing b. sings c. is singing d. are singing7._of the students in our class _boys.a. two in three ,is b. two third , are c. two thirds ,are d. two thirds,is8.your pants _ dirty.you must wash them at once.a. am b. is c. are d. be 9.playing football and watching tv _both interesting.a. are b. is c. be d. was10.each of the books _a red cover.a. have b. has c. is d. are 二用所给单词的适当形式填空。11.lucy with her mother_(be) going shopping.12.not only you but also he _(have) been there.13.my class _(be) small. there are only 26 students.14.the police _(be) searching for a tall dark man.15.he is one of the boys who _(have) successfully passed the exam.16.every boy and every girl