反义疑问句的讲解和练习.doc

考点透析“反意疑问句”句子按结构来分，可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。简单句按不同交际功能可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句四种。按提出问题的方式，疑问句可分为：一般疑问句，特殊疑问句，选择疑问句和反意疑问句。反意疑问句的结构形式：反意疑问句提出情况或看法，问对方同不同意，这种问句都由两部分组成，前一部分用陈述句的形式，后一部分是一个附着在前一部分上的简短问句，中间用逗号隔开，如前一部分为肯定形式，后一部分通常用否定形式，前一部分为否定形式，后一部分就用肯定形式，两部分的时态要一致。如：You are to go home via Hongkong, arent you?你准备经香港回国，对吧？（肯定的陈述句+否定的反意疑问句）They didnt raise many questions at the press conference, did they?他们在记者招待会上没提出很多问题，是吧？（否定的陈述句+肯定的反意疑问句）You wont be away for long, will you?你不会离开太久，是吧？（否定的陈述句+肯定的反意疑问句）You have already got our invitation, havent you?你们已收到了我们的请贴，是吧？（肯定的陈述句+否定的反意疑问句）反意疑问句的答语在回答反意疑问句时，应根据事实来回答，如果事实是肯定的，前面要用yes,否则用no, 在第一部分为否定句时要特别注意，这时英语回答和汉语回答是不一致的。如：-You are not going out today, are you?-No, I am not.你今天不出去，是吗？是的，我今天不出去。（“不出去”属于否定的事实，所以在英语中应用“no”来表示此义，不要用 “yes”来回答。）-You are not going out today, are you?-Yes, I am.你今天不出去，是吗？不，我出去。（“出去”属于肯定的事实，所以在英语中应用“yes”来表示此义，不要用 “no”来回答。）-George wasnt there that day, was he?-No, he wasnt.乔治那天不在那里，对吧？对，他不在。（“不在”属于否定的事实，所以在英语中应用“no”来表示此义，不要用 “yes”来回答。）-George wasnt there that day, was he?-Yes, he was.（“在”属于肯定的事实，所以在英语中应用“yes”来表示此义，不要用 “no”来回答。）一般来说这种反意疑问句及其回答中的肯定否定关系可以用下面这个公式表示：（表示肯定，表示否定）问句中：， 或，回答中：，或，构成反意疑问句时应注意的问题：当陈述部分的主语是everybody, everyone, someone, no one, nobody, somebody等不定代词时，反意疑问句部分中的主语常用they (有时也可用he.)如：Nobody phoned while I was out, did they?我出去的时候没人打电话，是吧？Everyone has been there, havent they?每个人都去过那里，是吗？Somebody borrowed my pen yesterday, didnt they?昨天有人借了我的钢笔，是吧？No one was hurt, was he?没人受伤，是吧？ 当陈述部分的主语是everything, anything, nothing, something等表物的不定代词时，反意疑问部分的主语常用it.如： Everything has been done on how to prevent the pollution, hasnt it?关于如何预防污染已采取了一切措施，是吗？Nothing is wrong with the machine, is it?这台机器没出什么毛病，是吧？Nothing can stop us now, can it?任何事情都无法阻止我们，是吧？ 当陈述部分的主语是one时，反意疑问部分的主语常用one或you。如：One cant be too careful, can one/ you?一个人越认真越好，是吧？One should study hard, shouldnt one/ you?一个人应当认真学习，是吗？ 当陈述部分的主语是man(人类)时，反意疑问部分的主语常用he。如：Man is the master of his own fate, isnt he?人类是自己命运的主宰，是吗？ 当陈述部分是there be结构时， 反意疑问部分用there,省略主语代词。如：There is something wrong with the machine, is there?机器出了毛病了，是吗？There wont be any trouble, will there?不会有任何麻烦，是吗？There used to be a shop, didnt there? 当陈述部分含有seldom, hardly, never, rarely, few, little, nowhere, nothing等否定词或半否定词时，反意疑问部分的动词应用肯定形式。如：She seldom goes to the cinema, does she?她很少去看电影，是吗？Few people know him, do they?没几个人认识他，是吗？Bob rarely got drunk, did he?鲍勃很少喝醉，是吗？He has never been to London, has he?他从没去过伦敦，是吗？They can hardly understand it, can they?他们几乎不能理解，是吗？You have nothing else to say, have you?你没有什么可说的了，是吧？ 当陈述部分中含有im, in, dis, un等否定前缀或less等否定后缀时，应把陈述部分看成是肯定的，反意疑问部分要用否定式。如：He was unsuccessful, wasnt he?他没成功，是吗？This meeting is unimportant, isnt it?这次会议不重要，是吗？Your mother dislikes seeing you with me, doesnt she?你母亲不喜欢看到你和我在一起，是吗？He is unfamiliar with this type of computer, isnt he?他不熟悉这种类型的计算机，是吗？ 当陈述部分是Im 结构时，反意疑问部分常用arent I如：I am late, arent I?我迟到了，是吗？Im a boy, arent I?我是一个男孩，是吗？ 当陈述部分是主从复合句时，反意疑问部分中的动词和主语代词通常应和主句中的动词和主语保持一致。如：She says that I did it, doesnt she?她说是我做的，是吗？He never said he would come, did he?他从没说过要来，是吗？When he goes there, he will go to see her, wont he?当他去那里时，他要去看她，是吗？If you dont start early, you will be late, wont you?如果你不早点出发就会迟到，是吗？He told you that he had watched the football match, didnt he?他告诉你已看过了这场足球赛，是吗？Peter believes that his dream will come true some day, doesnt he?彼得相信有一天他的梦想会实现，是吗？ 当陈述部分的主句是I suppose, I think, I believe, I imagine等结构时，反意疑问部分往往与从句保持一致，而且要注意否定转移。如：I suppose that she is careful, isnt she?我认为她认真，是吗？I think he is a thief, isnt he?我认为他是一个小偷，是吗？I dont believe she has gone home, has she?我认为她没有回家，是吗？I dont think he can do it well, can he?我认为他做不好那件事，是吗？I dont believe you can finish the job, can you?我觉得你完不成这项工作，是吗？I dont guess he knows it, does he?我想他不知道这件事，是吗？ 当陈述部分含有have，而且have作“有”解时，反意疑问部分用have/has或借助助动词do, does, did等来完成；如果陈述部分中的have是实义动词，则反意疑问部分应需借助助动词do, does, did等来完成。如：He hasnt a lot of time to spare, has he?他没有许多可以抽出的时间，是吗？He doesnt have an English dictionary, does he?他没有英语词典，是吗？They had milk and bread for breakfast, didnt they?他们早餐吃的面包喝的牛奶，是吗？You all had a good time, didnt you?你们都玩儿得很开心，是吗？Mike often has a cold, doesnt he?迈克经常感冒，是吗？当陈述部分的谓语动词包括have to, had to时，反意疑问部分通常用do的适当形式。如：You had to take the early bus, didnt you?你不得不乘坐早班车，是吗？We have to do it, dont we?我们不得不做这件事，是吗？He has to look after the child, doesnt he?他不得不照顾这个小孩，是吗？They had to keep quiet, didnt they?他们不得不保持安静，是吗？ 当陈述部分含有情态动词used to时，反意疑问部分可用used to形式或did形式。如：He used to smoke three cigarettes a day, didnt/ usednt he?他过去一天常吸三根香烟，是吗？He used to get up late, didnt/ usednt he?他过去起床晚，是吗？We used to work in the same workshop, didnt/ usednt we?我们过去在同一个车间工作，是吗？ 当陈述部分是祈使句时，反意疑问部分常用will you.如：Help me to do it, will you?帮我做这件事，好吗？Dont go there, will you?别去那里，好吗？Be quiet, will you?安静些，好吗？Give me some cigarettes, will you?给我一些香烟，好吗？Dont move the chair, will you?别搬这把椅子，好吗？ Lets 和Let us都表示“让我们”，但用法上不同。前者包括听话人，后者不包括听话人。正因如此，它们的反意疑问句的形式常常不同：以Lets 开头的祈使句，反意疑问部分常用shall we.以Let us开头的祈使句，反意疑问部分常用will you.如：Lets go skating, shall we?我们去滑冰，好吗？(说话人、听话人均去滑冰)Let us have a look at your book, will you?让我们看看你的书，好吗？（说话人要看书，听话人不看书）Lets go now, shall we?我们现在走，好吗？（我们去，你也去）Let us go shopping, will you?让我们去买东西，好吗？（我们去，你不去） 当陈述句部分含had better/best, would like to, would rather等约定俗成特殊短语时，反意疑问部分应保留第一个词。如：He had better do more speaking, hadnt he?他最好多说，是吗？You would like to do it, wouldnt you?你愿意做这件事，是吗？ 当陈述句部分是强调句或类似强调句的结构时，反意疑问部分常和句首的It is/was保持一致。如：It was in a park that you met him, wasnt it?你是在公园里遇见了他，是吗？It is the first time that he has gone there, isnt it?这是他第一次去那里，是吗？It is ten years since he joined the army, isnt it?他参军十年了，是吗？ 当陈述句部分为感叹句时，反意疑问句部分常用否定形式，且问句部分的动词常用be.如：What a handsome man he is, isnt he?他是一个多么英俊的人，是吗？What a cold day, isnt it?多么冷的一天，是吗？ 当陈述部分含有情态动词must, may, cant, 且表示推测时，反意疑问部分不能用must, may, cant自身，应和后面的实义动词保持一致； must/ may/ cant + do 表示对现在情况的推测，反意疑问部分用一般现在时。如：He must be Mr. Chen, isnt he?(相当于：I think he is Mr. Chen.)他一定是陈先生，是吗？He cant be Mr. Chen, is he?（相当于I dont think he is Mr. Chen.）他不可能是陈先生，是吗？He must be very tired, isnt he?(相当于：I believe he is very tired.)他一定很累，是吗？Your mother may be at home, isnt she?(相当于：Maybe your mother is at home.)可能你母亲在家呢，是吗？ must/ may/ cant + have done +过去时间状语，表示对过去情况的推测，反意疑问部分常用一般过去时。如：He must have stayed at home yesterday, didnt he?(相当于: I think he stayed at home yesterday.)他昨天一定呆在家里了，是吗？You must have seen the film last week, didnt you?(相当于：I think you saw the film last week.)你上周一定看这部影片了，是吗？It cant have snowed last week, did it?(相当于：I dont think it snowed last week.)上周不可能下雪了，是吗？He may have gone home last night, didnt he?(相当于：Maybe he went home last night.)他可能昨晚回家了，是吗？ must/ may/ cant + have done , 反意疑问部分常用现在完成时。如：You must have met him before, havent you?（相当于：I think you have met him before.）你从前一定见过他，是吗？You may have been to Tibet, havent you?(相当于：Maybe you have been to Tibet.)你可能去过西藏，是吗？He cant have known the news, has he?(相当于：I dont think he has known the news.)他不可能知道那个消息了，是吗？You must have waited for a long time, havent you?（相当于：I think you have waited for a long time.）你一定等了很长时间了，是吗？ 当陈述部分含有情态动词mustnt表示“禁止”时，反意疑问部分常用must.如：You mustnt walk on grass, must you?禁止你在草地上走，是吗？ 当陈述部分含有情态动词need, dare时，反意疑问部分有两种形式：作情态动词时保留自身；作实义动词时反意疑问句应借助于助动词do/does/did来完成。如：You neednt go there, need you?你不必去那里，是吗？（情态动词）He needs to start at once, doesnt he?他需要立刻出发，是吗？（实义动词）She dare not go out alone at night, dare she?她晚上不敢一人出去，是吗？（情态动词）We need to come earlier, dont we?我们需要早点来，是吗？21 当陈述部分含有情态动词ought to时，反意疑问部分常用oughtnt (有时也可用shouldnt.)如：The child ought to be punished, oughtnt he?这个小孩应当受到惩罚，是吗？You oughtnt to criticize her, ought you?你不应该批评她，是吗？：1.Nobody says a word about the incident, _?A. is he B. doesnt he C. do they D. dont they2.You never told me why you were late for the class, _?A. werent you B. didnt you C. had you D. did you3.They dare not call you a fool, _?A. would they B. dared they C. dares they D. dare they4.There is not much news in todays paper, _?A. isnt it B. are there C. is there D. arent there 5.The manager came here in a car, _?A. was he B. did he C. wasnt he D. didnt he6.She must have arrived there yesterday, _?A. have she B. must she C. didnt she D. mustnt she7.Peter hardly ever goes to parties, _?A. doesnt he B. do he C. does he D. is he8.What a lovely day, _?A. doesnt it B. isnt it C. shant it D. hasnt it9.Let me do it, _?A. shall I B. shall weC. will you D. will I10.Nothing he did was right, _?A. did he B. was it C. didnt it D. was he11.There used to be a church behind the cemetery, _?A. didnt there B. used there C. usednt it D. didnt it12.He must be in the library now, _?A. doesnt he B. mustnt he C. neednt he D. isnt he13.You would rather not have fish, _ you?A. hadnt B. wouldnt C. would D. had14.-You are not a new member, are you?- _. I joined only yesterday.A. No, Im not B. Yes, Im not C. No, I am D. Yes, I am15.My sister often needs help with her study, _?A. need she B. neednt she C. does she D. doesnt she16.Youd better send for a doctor for your mother, _ you?A. had B. hadnt C. would D. wouldnt17.Lets go swimming, _?A. arent we B. shall we C. will you D. wont we18.Li Ming cant be in the classroom, _?A. can he B. is he C. cant he D. must he19.He ought to have looked after his father, _?A. oughtnt he B. ought he not to C. oughtnt he to D. oughtnt to he20.I have nothing to do with the matter, _?A. have I B. has it C. do I D. does it21.He was in good heath when I saw him last time, _?A. wasnt he B. didnt he C. hadnt he D. hasnt he22.John had his hair cut yesterday afternoon, _?A. havent he B. didnt he C. hadnt he D. hasnt he23.None of the pupils attended the sports meet, _?A. did they B. do they C. didnt they D. dont they24.Id like to go with you, _?A. had I B. wouldnt I C. hadnt I D. would I25.It is the third time that John has been late, _?A. hasnt he B. isnt he C. isnt it D. hasnt it26.I suppose he is serious, _?A. do I B. dont I C. is he D. isnt he27.She dislikes this skirt, _?A. doesnt she B. does she C. isnt she D. is she28.You mustnt tell it to your mother, _?A. must you B. do you C. need you D. will you29.They have to face the difficulty, _?A. havent they B. dont they C. do they D. must they30.The man in blue must be your brother, _?A. mustnt he B. neednt he C. isnt he D. is he答案与提示：1.C当陈述部分中的主语为everybody, everyone, someone, no one, nobody, somebody等不定代词时，反意疑问句部分中的主语常用they。且陈述部分为否定意义的词nobody, 反意疑问部分应用肯定形式。2.D当陈述部分是主从复合句时，反意疑问部分中的动词和主语代词通常应和主句中的动词和主语保持一致。3.D当陈述部分中含有情态动词dare 时，反意疑问部分也应用情态动词dare（没有人称和数的变化）4.C陈述句部分含有not,是否定式，所以反意疑问部分应用肯定式。而且当陈述部分是there be结构时， 反意疑问部分用there,省略主语代词。5.D当陈述部分的动词是行为动词时，而且前面又没有任何助动词时，这时的疑问部分要用do/does/did。6.C如果must have done句式中的时间状语为表示过去的时间的词，如last year, yesterday, the day before yesterday等，反意疑问部分常用didnt + 主语。7.C如果陈述部分已有表示否定意义的副词，如never, nothing, seldom, rarely, hardly等时，反意疑问部分应用肯定形式。8.B当陈述句部分为感叹句时，反意疑问句部分常用否定形式，且问句部分的动词常用be。9.C当陈述部分是祈使句时，反意疑问部分常用will you。10.B当陈述部分的主语是everything, anything, nothing, something等表物的不定代词时，反意疑问部分的主语常用it。11.A当陈述部分是there be结构时， 反意疑问部分用there,省略主语代词。当陈述部分含有情态动词used to时，反意疑问部分可用used to形式或did形式。所以此空应填didnt there 或usednt there。12.Dmust/ may/ cant + do 表示对现在情况的推测，反意疑问部分用一般现在时。He must be in the library now.相当于I think he is in the library now.13.C当陈述句部分含had better/best, would like to, would rather等约定俗成特殊短语时，反意疑问部分应保留第一个词。如此题中的陈述部分含有would rather的否定式，则反意疑问部分用would。14.D反意疑问句的答语应根据实际情况来回答，如果事实是肯定的，前面要用yes,否则用no。回答中的肯定否定关系可以用下面这个公式表示：（表示肯定，表示否定）问句中：， 或，回答中：，或，15.D陈述句部分含有实义动词needs, 所以反意疑问部分要用