【创新设计】高考英语总复习 语言基础知识 Unit22 Environmental Protection 北师大版选修8(1).doc

【创新设计】2015届高考英语总复习 语言基础知识 unit22 environmental protection 北师大版选修8必考话题22热点话题()写 作 必 备基础词汇1waste vt.& n废弃物；浪费2plastic n& adj. 塑料(的)3polluted adj. 受污染的4threaten vt. 威胁5energy n. 能源6existence n. 生存7environment n. 环境8environmental adj. 环境的9be ashamed of 对感到羞耻10result v. 导致11do harm to 对造成伤害12leave.behind 把抛于脑后提分句型1our earth is being endangered by the more and more serious pollution.污染越来越严重，我们的地球处境危险。2there will be a rainstorm accompanied by thunder and lightning.将有一场雷电交加的暴风雨。3in the past hundred years，there have been frequent natural disasters such as floods，droughts，and earthquakes.在过去的几百年里，经常发生诸如水灾、干旱和地震这样的自然灾害。美 文 赏 析素材示例(2013江苏卷)请根据你对下面两幅图的理解，以“actions speak louder than words”为题，用英语写一篇作文。你的作文应包括以下内容：(1)简要描述两幅图的内容；(2)概述你对两幅图中不同做法的理解；(3)举例说明两幅图对你的启示。注意：(1)可参照图片适当发挥；(2)作文词数150左右；(3)作文中不得提及有关考生个人身份的任何信息，如校名、人名等。参考词汇：banner横幅；stump树桩actions speak louder than words_actions speak louder than wordsearth day is a day when we show our concern about our planet，which is now suffering much damage.however，different people may celebrate it in different ways，just like what the pictures show us.the man in picture 1 is only trying to put up a banner on a lonely tree around which are many stumps. on the contrary，in picture 2 the couple are planting trees happily.what the pictures tell us is that actions speak louder than words.if we want to protect our earth, instead of going on cutting down trees and just talking in vain，its our actions that make a big difference.things are the same in our daily life.some people often complain about others bad behaviours on the road，while they themselves refuse to obey traffic rules.some may care about their own interests，and even do harm to others even if they constantly advocate doing voluntary work to help the poor.therefore，just remembering actions speak louder than words is not enough.we should take practical steps if we want to achieve a certain goal.1.around which are many stumps.此句是介词which引导的定语从句。模拟tell me the time at_which_the_train_leaves.告诉我火车离开的时间。2while此处强调对比，意为“即，然而”。模拟the son was having a good meal at home，while the parents were working in the field.儿子在家吃好饭而父母却在田里辛勤劳作。3even if即使，相当于even though用于引导让步状语从句。模拟well stand by you even_if_you_dont_succeed.即使你不成功，我们也将会支持你。.核心单词1_(vt.)使困住2_(prep.)超出3_(vt.)主张，提倡_(n.)拥护，提倡4_(n.)代替品，代用品5_(n.)方法_(pl.)6_(adj.)相关的_(n.)相关(性)7_(n.)巧合_(adj.)同时发生的8_(n.)资金_(adj.)财政的，金融的9_(n.)保护区vt.保留；预订_(adj.)预定的，保留的_(n.)预订；保留10_(n.)农业_(adj.)农业的11_(vt.)威胁_(n.)威胁12_(n.)分离，分开_(vt.)分离；分开adj.不同的；各自的13_(vt.)建造_(n.)建造14_(vt.)采用，收养_(n.)收养；采用15_(vt.)分配，配给_(n.)分配；配给16_(n.)政治(活动)_(adj.)政治的_(n.)政治家17_(vt.& vi.)削尖_(adj.)尖的；锐利的18_(adj.)想得周到的，体贴的_(v.)考虑_(n.)考虑；体贴答案1.trap2.beyond3.advocate；advocacy4.substitute5.means；means6.relevant；relevance7.coincidence；coincident8.finance；financial9.reserve；reserved；reservation10.agriculture；agricultural 11threaten；threat12.separation；separate13.construct；construction14.adopt；adoption15.allocate；allocation16.politics；political；politician17.sharpen；sharp18.considerate；consider；consideration词不离句，句不离段the experts and consultants adopt the suggestion that the construction of irrigation works be built in the mountainous area after careful consideration.by coincidence，severe droughts threaten some forest reserves.sacrifice of ecology is against our principle and advocacy.重点短语1超出的控制_2展望未来 _3指，意即 _4依次 _5引起，导致 _6采取行动 _7(对已产生的不良后果)负责任 _8call for an end to sth _9wrap up _10on somebodys behalf _11for good _12carry off _13all in all _14result in _15earn ones living _答案1.beyond ones control2.look ahead3.refer to 4in turn5.lead to6.take action7.answer for 8要求结束9.结束10.代表11.永远12.掠去，夺走13.总的来说14.导致15.谋生小试身手，聚焦短语all_in_all,_her condition is greatly improved after the operation.if you drive after drinking, youll have to answer_for the consequences.dont refer_to your note when you answer the question.we must look_ahead before we make a decision.its high time that we took_action to prevent the river from being polluted.经典句式1without these naturally occurring gases, the suns rays would bounce back into space leaving the earth cold and impossible to live on.如果没有这些自然产生的气体，太阳的能量将会被反射回太空去，地球将处于寒冷之中，而不适合生命的存在。解读leave宾语宾语补足语模拟he left the room，_(没有锁门)2given this data, it seems that the link between human activities and rising global temperatures is not merely a coincidence.鉴于这些数据，好像人类活动与正在升高的地球温度之间的联系并不仅仅只是巧合而已。解读given短语作状语模拟_(考虑到目前的情况), i think ye shiwen has done fairly well.3the last few years have seen environmental disasters on a grand scale, and experts are predicting far worse to come.近几年一些环境灾难大面积地出现，专家们预测更坏的局面即将来临。解读英语中的拟人手法模拟_(过去30年见证了)the rapid development of china.答案1.leaving the door unlocked2.given the present condition3.the last 30 years have witnessed/seen.必背句法转述结构；被动语态()用所给词的适当形式填空1your work must be_(finish) by tomorrow.2the plan is going to be_(carry) out next week.3i was made_(copy) ten pages of the book.4he said he_(go) to beijing the next day.5it is said that he is the only one of the students that_(praise) at the meeting.答案1.finished2.carried3.to copy4.would go5.was praised条分缕析，步步为营句型转换he said，“i am going to the shop.”(直接引语变间接引语)he said(that)he_the shop.he asked，“will you come with us tomorrow？”(直接引语变间接引语)he asked me_i would go with them the following day.the robber threatened me，“give me the keys to the safe or ill shoot you！”(直接引语变间接引语)the robber_me if i didnt give him the keys to the safe.his mother gave him a present for his birthday.(同义句转换)he_a present by his mother for his birthday.someone saw a stranger walk into the building.(同义句转换)a stranger_into the building.答案was going toifthreatened to shootwas givenwas seen to walk词 汇 精 解trap vt.使困住n.陷阱；阴谋(教材原句)because of the greenhouse effect, the earth is warmed by gases trapped in the atmosphere.因为温室效应，困在大气层中的气体使地球的气温上升。(1)be trapped in.被困在trap sb into doing sth诱骗某人做某事(2)set/lay a trap设置陷阱；布下圈套fall/walk into a trap落入陷阱/圈套fall into the trap of doing sth掉进陷阱a bear was trapped in the trap that i had set.一只熊被困在了我所设的陷阱中。dont fall into the trap of investing all your money in one place.不要把你所有的钱都投资到一个地方，那样做不明智。i _i had done wrong.我被诱骗承认我做错了事。答案was trapped into admittingreserve vt.预订；保留n.储存量；保护区(教材原句)breweries are often built in nature reserves.啤酒厂经常建在自然保护区。(1)reserve sth for.为保留reserve the right to do sth保留做某事的权利(2)in reserve备用with/without reserve有/无保留i want to reserve a front seat for the concert on july 3rd.我想预订一个7月3日音乐会的前排位置。if you order after that, we reserve the right to either accept or reject order requests at the discounted price.(2013北京卷，a)如果你在那之后订购，我们保留接受或拒绝以折扣价定购的权利。the money was being kept _for their retirement.他们把钱存着以备退休后使用。答案in reservebeyond prep.超出的控制，不受的控制；为所不能及；在之外；迟于(教材原句)in the last few decades, scientists have reached consensus and reported that human beings are causing changes in the earths climatesomething previously seen as beyond our control.在过去的几十年里，科学家一致认为，人类正在造成地球气候的变化这是一种原来被认为是超出我们控制能力的现象。(1)beyond/outside ones power超出某人权限beyond ones control不受控制be beyond sb使人无法理解(2)it is beyond me why/what.我无法理解its beyond me why visitors started respecting the place less and treated such a beautiful homelike place this way.(2012天津卷完形填空)我不理解游客为什么越来越不爱护这个地方，并且用这样的方式对待这么一个漂亮的像家一样的地方。i am afraid it is beyond my power to do what you are asking.我恐怕无力做你要求做的事。he is such a naughty boy and is_.他是这么顽皮的孩子以至于我实在无法管教。答案beyond my controladvocate vt.主张，提倡n提倡者；拥护者(尤指对某一主义或目标)(教材原句)experts advocate that each person play their part.专家提倡大家各尽所能。(1)advocate (doing) sth提倡/拥护/支持(做)某事advocate that.主张从句谓语动词用(should)动词原形(2)be an advocate of/for.的提倡者/拥护者we_the syria issue by negotiations.我们主张以谈判的形式解决叙利亚问题。we advocated that everyone in our school _ some money to the earthquakestricken area.我们提倡在学校里的每个人都为地震灾区捐些钱。答案advocate solving(should) donatesubstitute n代替品，代用品vt.代替；顶替(教材原句)after all, theres no substitute for our earth.毕竟，没有什么可以替代地球。(1)用a代替bsubstitute for代替(2)a substitute for sb/sth某人/某物的代替品daydreaming cannot substitute for hard work.白日梦不能取代辛勤的努力。as the saying goes, in war, there is no substitute for victory.俗话说：“战争时，胜利是无可取代的”。we substitute the red balls for the blue ones, to see if the baby would notice.we _the blue balls_the red ones, to see if the baby would notice.我们用红色球代替蓝色球看是否能够引起宝宝的注意。答案substitute；with/bythreaten vt.威胁，恐吓(教材原句)they threatened to close our credit lines if we dont reduce the amount of carbon dioxide we produce.如果我们不降低我们排放的二氧化碳的数量，他们威胁将要降低我们的信用度。(1)threaten sb with sth用某事威胁某人threaten to do sth威胁要做某事threaten that.威胁(2)threat n威胁，恐吓a threat to sb/sth对某人或某事的威胁china is a peaceloving country, and we have never been a threat to the world.中国是一个爱好和平的国家，我们从来不会成为世界的威胁。he tied her up and_her_a sixinch knife.他把她捆起来，拿着一把六英寸长的刀子威胁她。答案threatened；withmeans n方式，方法，手段(教材原句)people in agricultural areas, without any means to earn their living, move to the cities，.农业区的人们没有谋生手段时便向城市搬迁，means of(doing)sth(做)某事的方法、途径by means of借助的手段by all means可以，当然行；尽一切办法，务必by no means决不，一点也不(置于句首，其后倒装)by this means用这种方法it is by no means clear what the president can do to end the strike.(2012全国卷单项填空)总统能做什么来结束罢工，这点完全不清楚。only by this means is it possible to persuade him.只有用这种方法才能说服他。_can teaching in school be separated from practice.学校教学决不能脱离实践。as is known to us all, ye shiwen succeeded _hard working.众所周知，叶诗文依靠刻苦训练而获得成功。注意 means表示“方法，方式，手段”时，其单复数同形。当means作主语且有every，each等词修饰时谓语动词用单数；有some，several，many，few等词修饰时谓语动词用复数。答案by no meansby means ofadopt vt.采用，采纳，收养(教材原句)the chinese government has adopted several noise control plans.中国政府已采用了好几项噪声控制方案(1)adopt an idea采纳意见adopt a(n) approach/policy/attitude采取一种方法/政策/态度(2)adoption n采纳，采用；收养adopted adj.被收养的；被采用的i like your methods of teaching and i shall adopt them in my class.我喜欢你的教学方法，我将在我的课堂上采用。having no child of their own, the couple decided to adopt the orphan.由于没有自己的子女，那对夫妇决定收养这个孤儿。词语辨析adopt，adaptadopt采纳，采用，收养adapt适应，改编，改写the old man _a deserted boy and after a few months the boy came to_to his new life.这位老人收养了一位被抛弃的男孩，几个月后这个孩子渐渐适应了新生活。答案adopted；adaptlead to 引起，导致，造成(后果)；通向(教材原句)global warming refers to an average increase in the earths temperature that, in turn, leads to climate change.地球变暖指的是地球平均温度升高，继而导致气候变化。lead sb to.带领通往，引导某人去lead sb to do sth使得某人做某事lead a.life过着的生活you may wonder how paving (铺砌) a road can lead to less useable fresh water.(2013安徽卷，b)你可能想知道铺路是如何导致更少的可使用的淡水的。i want to know what led you to take up acting as a career.我想知道是什么让你开始从事演艺事业的。the old couple_now.现在这对老夫妻过着幸福的生活。答案lead a happy life注意 lead to中to是介词，后跟名词、代词或v.ing形式。apart from 除之外(都)；除之外(尚有)(高考佳句)apart from that, there were all sorts of disasters that used to occur on the way to and from work.(2012广东卷c)除此之外，在上下班的路上曾经发生过各种各样的灾难。apart fromexcept/except for除了之外(都)apart frombesides/as well as/in addition to除之外(还有)apart from beijing and shanghai, we also visited some other cities during the holiday.除了北京和上海，假期里我们还参观了别的一些城市。we had no trouble on the journey_some money.除了丢了一些钱外，我们旅途中没有出岔子。答案apart from losing句 式 诠 释(教材原句)given this data, it seems that the link between human activities and rising global temperatures is not merely a coincidence.考虑到这一数据，看来人类活动与正在上升的全球温度之间的关联就不仅仅是一个巧合了。(1)句中的given this data不是过去分词而是介词短语作状语。given意为“鉴于，考虑到”；还可以表示假设，意为“倘若，假定”。given the present conditions, i think shes done rather well.考虑到目前的条件，我认为她已做得相当出色。_， well win the election.如果他支持我们，我们就会赢得选举。(2)引导条件状语从句用法相似的表达还有：considering (that).鉴于，考虑到provided/providing (that). 假定seeing (that). 既然，鉴于considering (that) he was still a boy, i forgave him.考虑到他还是个孩子，我就原谅他了。答案given (that) he supports us(教材原句)the last few years have seen environmental disasters on a grand scale, and experts are predicting far worse to come.近几年一些环境灾难大面积地出现，专家们预测更坏的局面即将来临。(1)句中the last few years作主语，see作谓语，表示在某段时间发生的情况，意为“经历；目睹”，使用了拟人修辞手法。(2)拟人修辞手法把事物人格化，使本来不具备人的动作和感情的一些动植物变得像人一样能说能笑。英语中使用拟人修辞手法的句子，主语通常是表示时间、地点或心爱之物如车、船等的名词，谓语动词常为see, witness, find等。the twentieth century_two world wars.20世纪目睹了两次世界大战。our hometown_great changes since the reform and opening policies started.自从改革开放以来，我们家乡发生了巨大变化。答案sawhas seen/witnessed对 点 题 组.用所给词的适当形式填空1this afternoon i will call the restaurant and make a _(reserve)2many experts _(advocacy) rewarding your child for good behavior.3after going to france he soon_(adoption) the french way of life.4the old man _(threat) that he would make it public.5the old man was_(trap) in the