湖北省黄冈市高考英语一轮 阅读理解精品训练题（2）（含解析）.doc

黄冈市2014高考英语一轮（精品）阅读理解训练题（2）附解析阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(a、b、c和d)中，选出最佳选项。aone day the employees of a large company in st louis, missouri returned from their lunch break and were greeted with a sign on the front door. the sign said: “yesterday the person who has been hindering (阻碍) your growth in this company passed away. we invite you to join the funeral (葬礼) in the room that has been prepared in the gym.”at first everyone was sad to hear that one of their colleagues had died, but after a while they started getting curious about who this person might be.the excitement grew as the employees arrived at the gym to pay their last respects. everyone wondered: “who is this person that was hindering my progress? well, at least hes no longer here.”one by one the employees got closer to the coffin (棺材) and when they looked inside it they became speechless. they stood over the coffin, shocked and in silence, as if someone had touched the deepest part of their soul.there was a mirror inside the coffin. everyone who looked inside it could see himself. there was also a sign next to the mirror that said: “there is only one person who can set limits to your growth: it is you.”you are the only person who can revolutionize (彻底改变) your life. you are the only person who can influence your happiness, your realization and your success. you are the only person who can help yourself.your life does not change when your family changes, when your friends change, when your boss changes, and when your company changes.your life changes when you change, when you go beyond your limiting beliefs, when you realize that you are the only one responsible for your life.56. the writers purpose in writing the article is to tell us that _.a. the harder we work, the more successful we will becomeb. our work and life are closely connected with othersc. changing our lives is down to ourselvesd. we will have a better future if people do not hinder our development57. people were speechless when they looked inside the coffin because _.a. there was nothing but a mirror inside b. they could see their own souls insidec. their closest colleague lay inside d. what was inside told a great truth58. who probably wrote the sign on the front door?a. the company boss. b. a worker who liked to make fun of others.c. the director in charge of production. d. a worker who wanted to teach others a lesson.59. what can we conclude from the article?a. the employees went to the gym to join the funeral.b. the lesson the employees learned would influence them greatly.c. the employees lives depended on the attitude of their boss.d. the employees got angry after the funeral.参考答案56 c d a b *结束 (2011四川卷，e)in business, theres a speed difference：its the difference between how important a firms leaders say speed is to their competitive (竞争的) strategy(策略)and how fast the company actually moves.the difference is important regardless of industry and company size. companies fearful of losing their competitive advantage spend much time and money looking for ways to pick up the speed.in our study of 343 businesses, the companies that chose to go, go, go to try to gain_an_edge ended up with lower sales and operating incomes than those that paused at key moments to make sure they were on the right track. whats more, the firms that “slowed down to speed up ”improved their top and bottom lines, averaging 40% higher sales and 52% higher operating incomes over a threeyear period.how did they disobey the_laws_of_business_physics,_taking more time than competitors yet performing better? they thought differently about what “slower ” and “faster” mean. firms sometimes fail to understand the difference between operational speed (moving quickly )and strategic speed (reducing the time it takes to deliver value ). simply increasing the speed of production, for example, may be one way to try to reduce the speed difference. but that often leads to reduced value over time, in the form of lowerquality products and services.in our study, higherperforming companies with strategic speed always made changes when necessary. they became more open to ideas and discussion. they encouraged new ways of thinking. and they allowed time to look back and learn. by contrast (相比而言), performance suffered at firms that moved fast all the time, paid too much attention to improving efficiency, stuck to tested methods, didnt develop team spirit among their employees, and had little time thinking about changes.strategic speed serves as a kind of leadership. teams that regularly take time to get things right, rather than plough ahead full bore, are more successful in meeting their business goals. that kind of strategy must come from the top.提速，似乎是历来公司老总们所追求的，增加效益更是他们的最终目标。而人们对于速度的不同理解和方法的不同，确实适得其反。17what does the underlined part “gain an edge” in paragraph 2 mean ?aincrease the speed.bget an advantage.creach the limit.dset a goal.答案：b。理解判断题。在文章的第一段中就提到了许多公司提速的目的就是利益问题，信息词“fearful of losing their competitive advantage”可以表明划线部分的意义同选项b。18the underlined part “the laws of business physics” in paragraph 3 means _.aspending more time and performing worsebspending more time and performing bettercspending less time and performing worse dspending less time and performing better答案：d。归纳概况题。既然公司追求的是提速，自然意味着：take less time ；而最终的效益还得需要performing better，故两者结合，才是公司一直在梦寐以求的最佳目标。故选d。19. what can we learn from the text?ahow fast a firm moves depends on how big it is.bhow competitive a firm is depends on what it produces.cfirms guided by strategic speed take time to make necessary changes.dfirms guided by operational speed take time to develop necessary team spirit.答案：c。细节判断题。倒数第二段的第一句里含有本题的信息，即同选项c的说法是一致的。20which could be the best title for the text?aimprove quality? serve better.bdeliver value? plough ahead.creduce time? move faster.dneed speed? slow down.答案：d。主旨大意题。文章的开头就已经点明了本文的主题方向，即：公司想方设法提高工作速度；而文中通过分析比较不同公司的不同的做法和他们对于速度不同的理解，如果没有好的决策，适得其反，故选项d是最佳答案。*结束c42012重庆卷 top lists are lecturing people on everything from “100 places to visit” to “100 books to read”. arent you just tired of being told what to do with your time? now you have a list to end all lists! take a look at the following two examples from the list of “101 things not to do”： swim with dolphins(海豚)? swimming with dolphins is one of the worlds most profitable tourist activities.however, not every dolphin will welcome having their busy, tiring day interrupted by tourists screaming and pushing around them in the water. worse yet, when dolphins get too near to the boats loaded with tourists, they could get caught up in ropes and killed by propellers(螺旋桨) heres a little secret. dolphins look like smiling at you, but actually theyre just opening their mouths. go to see the mona lisa? there must be something about the mysterious(神秘的) smile. the 6 million people who visit the lady in the louvre every year cant all be wrong, after all. but they can be quite annoying, standing in front of you; holding up their cameras to prevent you from seeing anything. in fact, it is hard for you to see the painting clearly because you have to stay away from it for security reasons. after queuing for hours, many tourists can remain in front of the painting only for 15 seconds at most. if the mysterious lady in the picture knew her fate, she wouldnt just be smiling, shed be laughing. so, still long to see the mona lisa? if you want to find out more about the list, read 101 things not to do before you die. visit www.not2dobeforeidie.co.uk and buy the book at a 20% discount.60. according to the passage, swimming with dolphins _. a. is the worlds most popular tourist activityb. gives fun to both tourists and dolphins c. will make tourists busy and tiredd. can cause danger to dolphins 61. what does the author think about going to see mona lisa? a. it is wrong to go and see the mysterious smile. b. it is not as satisfying as expected. c. fifteen seconds in front of the painting is enough. d. queuing for hours is worthwhile. 62. the list of “101 things not to do” is made most probably because its author _. a. thinks it boring to do the things suggested by other listsb. believes other lists are not humorous enough c. intends to persuade people to read more listsdwants to provide a list different from other lists 63. what is the main purpose of the passage? a. to advertise a book. b. to introduce a website. c. to comment on popular lists. d. to recommend tourist activities. 【要点综述】该篇短文前面否定“100 lists to do”的种种弊端，最后推出自己的101 things not to do before you die，很明显是一则常见的广告。60. d细节理解题。从swim with dolphins下面材料中的第一段最后一句可知和海豚一起游泳会给海豚带来危险。61. b细节理解题。在go to see the mona lisa的材料中，作者反复论证了go to see the mona lisa的诸多弊端，每年大量的游客前往参观，个人不可能有预想的观赏效果。62. d推理判断题。该文采取先抑后扬的写作技巧，其目的是要提出不同的观点。63. a写作意图题。该篇材料最后点出写作目的，即为101 things not to do before you die打广告。*结束 (2011北京卷，d)as the railroads and the highways shaped the american west in the past centuries, a new electrical generating (发电) and transmission (输送) system for the 21st century will leave a lasting mark on the west, for better or worse. much of the real significance of railroads and highways is not in their direct physical effect on the scenery, but in the ways that they affect the surrounding community. the same is true of big solar plants and the power lines that will be laid down to move electricity around.the 19th century saw land grants (政府拨地) offered to railroad companies to build the transcontinental railroads, leaving public land in between privately owned land. in much of the west, some of the railroad sections were developed while others remained undeveloped, and in both cases the landownership has presented unique challenges to land management. with the completion of the interstate highway system, many of the small towns which sprang up as railway stops and developed well, have lost their lifeblood and died.big solar plants and their power lines will also have effects far beyond their direct footprint in the west. this is not an argument against building them. we need alternative energy badly, and to really take advantage of it we need to be able to move electricity around far more readily than we can now.so tradeoffs will have to be made. some scenic sports will be sacrificed. some species (物种) will be forced to move, or will be carefully moved to special accommodations. deals will be struck to reduce the immediate effects.the lasting effects of these tradeoffs are another matter. the 21st century development of the american west as an ideal place for alternative energy is going to throw off a lot of power and money in the region. there are chances for that power and money to do a lot of good. but it is just as likely that they will be spent wastefully and will leave new problems behind, just like the railroads and the highways.the money set aside in negotiated tradeoffs and the institution that control it will shape the west far beyond the immediate footprint of power plants and transmission lines. so lets remember the effects of the railroads and the highways as we construct these new power plants in the west.本文是一篇说明文。19世纪，美国政府拨款修建铁路和公路，这既带来了好处，也带来了一些不利。现在21世纪，一种新型的电力系统会给美国带来好处还是坏处，这是值得考虑的一个问题。在建这种新型的电力系统时，我们要记住铁路和公路的影响。17what was the problem caused by the construction of the railways?a. small towns along the railways became abandoned.b. some railroad stops remained underused.c. land in the west was hard to manage.d. land grants went into private hands.答案：c。细节理解题。根据第二段的“.and in both cases the landownership has presented unique challenges to land management.”可知，建铁路导致的问题是“土地所有权给土地管理带来了挑战”。a项是修建公路的影响；b项说一些铁路站一直未被充分利用，是错误的；d项原文未说。18what is the major concern in the development of alternative energy according to the last two paragraphs?a. the transmission of power. b. the use of money and power.c. the conservation of solar energy. d. the selection of an ideal place. 答案：b。推理判断题。细读最后两段可知，对于可替代能源的发展主要的担忧是钱和力，钱和力可能带来一些好处，有可能被浪费掉，并且带来一些其他的问题。19what is the authors attitude towards building solar plants?a. cautious. b. approving. c. doubtful. d. disapproving.答案：a。推理判断题。根据全文以及文章的最后一句话“so lets remember the effects of the railroads and the highroads as we construct these new power plants in the west.”可知，对正在建立新的电力系统是比较谨慎的。20which is the best title for the passage?a. how the railways have affected the westb. how solar energy could reshape the westc. how the effects of power plants can be reducedd. how the problems of the highways have been settled答案：b。主旨大意题。文章借助于铁路和公路对美国的影响，要说明的是太阳能这种新的电力系统对美国西部地区会有什么的影响。 (2011江西卷，a)“mum，what does it mean when someone tells you that they have a skeleton(骨骼) in the closet(衣橱)？” jessica asked. “a skeleton in the closet？” her mother paused thoughtfully, “well, its something that you would rather not have anyone else know about. for example, if in the past, someone in dads family had been arrested for stealing a horse, it would be a skeleton in his familys closet. he really wouldnt want any neighbor to konw about it.”“why pick on my family？” jessicas father said with anger. “your family history isnt so good, you know. wasnt your greatgreatgrandfather a prisoner who was transported to australia for his crimes？” “yes, but people these days say that you are not a real australian unless your ancestors arrived as prisoners.” “gosh, sorry i asked. i think i understand now，” jessica cut in before things grew worse.after dinner, the house was very quiet. jessicas parents were still quite angry with each other. her mother was ironing clothes and every now and then she glared at her husband, who hid behind his newspaper pretending to read. when she finished, she gathered the freshly pressed clothes in her arms and walked to jessicas closet. just as she opened the door and reached in to hang a skirt, a bony arm stuck out from the dark depths and a bundle of white bones fell to the floor. jessicas mother sank into a faint(晕倒), waking only when jessica put a cold, wet cloth on her forehead. she looked up to see the worried faces of her husband and daughter.“what happened? where am i？” she asked. “you just destroyed the schools skeleton, mum，” explained jessica. “i brought it home to help me with my health project. i meant to tell you, but it seemed that as soon as i mentioned skeletons and closets, it caused a problem bet