【名师伴你行】高考英语一轮复习 Unit4 Astronomy the science of the stars课时作业 新人教版必修3.doc

课时作业(十四)unit 4astronomy：the science of the stars.用所给词的适当形式填空1.she tapped him_(gentle) on the shoulder.2.the_(presence) situation cannot be allowed to continue.3.like his brother，she likes music very much，but_(like) him，she is much more careful in her studies.4.we cant_without water.that means our_depends on water.(exist)5.drinking a little wine is_to your health，but smoking has a_effect on you.(harm)6.seeing the_scene，the girl trembled_as she was afraid of_.(violent)7.i often read of incidents of misunderstanding or conflict.im left_(puzzle)8.6_(multiply) by 5，the result is 30.9.look！there is something_(float) on the water.10._(pull)out of a recession is a lengthy and drawnout process.答案：1.gently2.present3.unlike4.exist；existence5.harmless；harmful6.violent；violently; violence7.puzzled8.multiplied9.floating10.pulling.完成句子1.will you be home_(及时看看孩子)before they go to bed？2.youve made me suffer in the past，so now you，_(轮到你了)，suffer again！3.the other day my pet cat_(分娩)a new little cat.4.some of them_(对有很大危害)the environment in the past ten years.5.hearing that some measures had been taken in time_(阻止污染的进一步恶化)，they all cheered up.6._(有可能)these plants will be moved next year.7.the new bridge is_(三倍宽)that one built last year.8.when the war_(爆发)，the two countries broke off their diplomatic relations.答案：1.in time to see the children2.in your turn3.gave birth to4.have done great harm to5.to prevent the pollution from getting bad to worse6.there is a chance/chances are that7.three times the width of8.broke out.阅读理解(2014北京卷)choosing the right resolution (决定)millions of americans began 2014 with the same resolution they started 2013 with，a goal of losing weight.however，setting weight loss as a goal is a mistake.to reach our goal of losing weightthe output，we need to control what we eatthe input(输入)that is，we tend to care about the output but not to control the input.this is a bad way to construct goals.the alternative is to focus your resolution on the input.instead of resolving to lose weight，try an actionable resolution：“ill stop having dessert for lunch，” or “ill walk every day for 20 minutes.”creating a goal that focuses on a wellspecified input will likely be more effective than concentrating on the outcome.recently a new science behind incentives (激励)，including in education，has been discussed.for example，researcher roland fryer wanted to see what works best in motivating children to do better in school.in some cases，he gave students incentives based on input，like reading certain books，while in others，the incentives were based on output，like results on exams.his main finding was that incentives increased achievement when based on input but had no effect when based on output.fryers conclusion was that the incentives for inputs might be more effective because students do not know how to do better on an exam，aside from general rules like “study harder.”reading certain books，on the other hand，is a wellset task over which they have much more control.as long as you have direct control over your goal，you have a much higher chance of success.and its easier to start again if you fail，because you know exactly what you need to do.if you want to cut down on your spending，a good goal would be making morning coffee at home instead of going to a caf，for example.this is a wellspecified actionbased goal for which you can measure your success easily.spending less money isnt a goal because its too general.similarly，if you want to spend more time with your family，dont stop with this general wish.think about an actionable habit that you could adopt and stick to，like a family movie night every wednesday.in the long run，these new goals could become a habit.语篇导读：本文是一篇议论文。许多人在制订目标时，往往过多地关注“输出”(结果)，而没有把目标的实现落实在具体的“输入”(过程)中。本文通过生活中的一些实例以及研究成果，对于如何选择行之有效的目标给出了一些指导。1.the writer thinks that setting weight loss as a goal is a mistake because _.ait is hard to achieve for most americansbit is focused too much on the resultcit is dependent on too many thingsdit is based on actionable decisions答案：b解析：细节理解题。由第二段中.we tend to care about the output but not to control the input.可知，之所以说将减肥作为一个目标是一个错误是因为我们过于注重“输出”，而并不注重“输入”，故b项正确。a项对于大多数美国人来说实现减肥这个目标很难，文章并未提及，可排除；对于c项所说的“减肥取决于太多的事情”，这一点文章也未提及；由第二段中的instead of resolving to lose weight，try an actionable resolution.可以看出，作者认为将减肥作为奋斗目标是一个错误是因为它并不是一个可行的目标，这与d项的表述恰恰相反，故排除d项。2.in roland fryers research，some students did better than the others because _.athey obeyed all the general rulesbthey paid more attention to examscthey were motivated by their classmatesdthey were rewarded for reading some books答案：d解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的his main finding was that incentives increased achievement when based on input.可知，基于“输入”的激励能促进成就的取得。结合该段前面部分的he gave students incentives based on input，like reading certain books可知，在这项研究中，一部分学生之所以能表现得比另一部分学生好是因为他们获得了“输入”中的激励，比如由于阅读一些书籍而得到了奖励。而a项中的“遵照所有惯常的规则”和b项的“他们更加关注考试”恰恰是研究者roland fryer所反对的做法，故可排除这两项。c项“他们受到了来自同学的激励”在文章中并未提及，故可排除该项。3.according to the writer，which of the following statements is a good goal？a“ill give up dessert.”b“ill study harder.”c“ill cut down my expenses.”d“ill spend more time with my family.”答案：a解析：推理判断题。roland fryer研究发现，当人们的目标笼统时，实现目标是很难的。只有奋斗目标具体、明确才更容易实现。四个选项中只有a项“我将不会再吃甜食”最为具体。根据第二段中的instead of resolving to lose weight，try an actionable resolution：“ill stop having dessert for lunch，”.也可得出答案。4.the writer strongly believes that we should _.adevelop good habits and focus on the outcomebbe optimistic about final goals and stick to themcpick specific actions that can be turned into good habitsdset ambitious goals that can balance the input and output答案：c解析：细节理解题。倒数第二段中作者对于“要削减开支可以从自己煮咖啡开始做起”的做法进行了肯定，作者认为这是一种wellspecified actionbased(非常具体的、可行的)目标。另外，根据倒数第二段中的think about an actionable habit that you could adopt and stick to.可以看出，作者倡导的是能够形成习惯的可行的做法，由此可确定c项正确。由第二段中的.we tend to care about the output but not to control the input.this is a bad way to construct goals.可知，作者是反对过于关注“输出”的，这与a项的focus on the outcome(关注结果)表述相反，可排除；b项be optimistic about final goals and stick to them(对最终目标要乐观并坚持它们)的表述仍是关注最终结果的体现，可排除；d项中set ambitious goals的做法是作者所反对的，也可排除。.阅读填空the last thing you want is a bad grade on a paper that took a lot of hard work and time._1_ to be successful in school, you have to make sure you know what assignments youre supposed to complete. and know exactly how and when youre expected to complete each assignment. so, you need to talk with the teacher._2_ you dont have to become a person who looks stupid and follows the teacher around. _3_ however，you should check in with your teacher every time he or she assigns a project that is new or unfamiliar. you should also communicate with your teacher if you receive a poor grade unexpectedly.teachers are humans, and they make mistakes._4_ be polite. your teacher will explain (and maybe appreciate the opportunity to fix any potential mistakes) _5_ on test review day, pay attention and ask if there are any themes or patterns that are covered during the test period. ask the teacher to explain any terms or exercises that arent absolutely clear to you.awhat a nightmare！bbut when should you talk to a teacher？cif the teacher provides an email address, use it often！ddont be a pest, and dont call your teacher after dinnertime.e.you dont have to speak to the teacher at the end of every class.f.if you dont understand why your grade is low, go ask ！g.you should also ask questions any time a big test day is approaching.语篇导读：本文是一篇说明文。每个学生都想成功，但是当出现问题的时候，什么时候应该与老师交流呢？1.答案：a解析：根据上文中的“the last thing you want is a bad grade on a paper.”可知，此处应选a项，与上文对应。2.答案：b解析：根据上文中的“so，you need to talk with the teacher”以及下文的内容可知，下文讲的都是什么时候去找老师合适，该题应选b项。3.答案：e解析：根据上文中时“you dont have to become.”以及下文的“however.”可知，不需要变成老师的跟屁虫，此处应选e项，指不需要在每节课的课后都找老师。4.答案：f解析：上文中的“.if you receive a poor grade unexpectedly”与f项的“your grade is low”呼应，f项中的“go ask”与下文中的“your teacher will explain”呼应，故该题选f项。5.答案：g解析：根据下文中的“on test review day.”可知，该段谈论的是测试，g项的“a big test day is approaching”与之呼应。故选g项。.语法填空thomas and inger，who live in sweden，are the happiest couple in the world.two years ago，they were sailing on a boat a few kilometres_1_the beach.thomas asked inger to marry him and he gave her the_2_(nice) gold ring he could afford to buy._3_putting the ring on ingers finger thomas lost his balance，slipped over and sent the ring flying into the sea._4_(see) the ring drop into the water，they were sure it was lost for ever.that is_5_last week.when mr carlsson came to visit them.several days earlier mr carlsson，_6_is the owner of a fish shop，was preparing a fresh load of fish to sell at his shop.when he was cutting open one of the fish he discovered it contained_7_beautiful gold ring.inside the ring he read the words “to inger，all my love，thomas” and was curious to know_8_it came from.mr carlsson visited all the jewelers in town until he found the one who had made the ring.after learning the address of the rightful owners，mr carlsson was able to return the ring.meanwhile thomas had bought inger a replacement ring.inger now loves_9_her wedding rings_10_thinks the one the fish ate is the better one.语篇导读：一对情侣在海上旅行时，男友为追求浪漫，在船上向女友求婚，不料戒指掉进大海。离奇的是，几经周折，戒指又失而复得。1.答案：off/from解析：考查介词的运用。常用“名词距离off/from the coast/beach”来表示船只与海岸的距离。2.答案：nicest解析：考查形容词最高级，thomas要送最好的婚戒给未婚妻inger。3.答案：when/while解析：考查句型结构：连词现在分词短语，即：when/while doing something表示“在做某事的时候或过程中”。4.答案：having seen/seeing解析：动名词作伴随状语。5.答案：until解析：that是指“the ring was lost”这件事，这种状况一直持续到上周卡尔逊先生的来访。6.答案：who解析：引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语。7.答案：a解析：这里表示泛指，所以用不定冠词a。8.答案：where解析：引导宾语从句。9.答案：both解析：文章结尾告诉我们，现在inger有了两个rings，而且两个戒指她都喜欢。10.答案：but解析：表示转折关系。.短文改错(2015东北三省四市模拟)i am glad to hear of you again.you want to know that everything is going in our school.in shortly，all has been improving since the school had